The future of code mixing research: Integrating psycholinguistic and formal grammatical theories

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW GOLDRICK ◽  
MICHAEL PUTNAM ◽  
LARA SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grammatical Theories

Our keynote article “Coactivation in bilingual grammars: A computational account of code mixing” (Goldrick, Putnam & Schwarz) aimed to provide a framework that would begin to unify psycholinguistic and formal grammatical approaches to code mixing. We situated our account within a large body of psycholinguistic and phonetic evidence suggesting that, under many conditions, multiple representational elements simultaneously occupy (to varying degrees) a single position within a linguistic structure. The presence of such blends in multilingual cognition is not compatible with many formal grammatical approaches that assume mental representations are necessarily discrete.

Coactivation in bilingual grammars: A computational account of code mixing

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW GOLDRICK ◽  
MICHAEL PUTNAM ◽  
LARA SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Computation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Co Activation

A large body of research into bilingualism has revealed that language processing is fundamentally non-selective; there is simultaneous, graded co-activation of mental representations from both of the speakers’ languages. An equally deep tradition of research into code switching/mixing has revealed the important role that grammatical principles play in determining the nature of bilingual speech. We propose to integrate these two traditions within the formalism of Gradient Symbolic Computation. This allows us to formalize the integration of grammatical principles with gradient mental representations. We apply this framework to code mixing constructions where an element of an intended utterance appears in both languages within a single utterance and discuss the directions it suggests for future research.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Network Approach to the Study of Syntax

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Diessel
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Network Analyses

Usage-based linguists and psychologists have produced a large body of empirical results suggesting that linguistic structure is derived from language use. However, while researchers agree that these results characterize grammar as an emergent phenomenon, there is no consensus among usage-based scholars as to how the various results can be explained and integrated into an explicit theory or model. Building on network theory, the current paper outlines a structured network approach to the study of grammar in which the core concepts of syntax are analyzed by a set of relations that specify associations between different aspects of a speaker’s linguistic knowledge. These associations are shaped by domain-general processes that can give rise to new structures and meanings in language acquisition and language change. Combining research from linguistics and psychology, the paper proposes specific network analyses for the following phenomena: argument structure, word classes, constituent structure, constructions and construction families, and grammatical categories such as voice, case and number. The article builds on data and analyses presented in Diessel (2019; The Grammar Network. How Linguistic Structure is Shaped by Language Use) but approaches the topic from a different perspective.

scholarly journals Language and cognition in bilingual production: the real work still lies ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONELLA SORACE
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Computation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Language Models ◽  
The Real ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Real Work ◽  
Generative Language ◽  
Language And Cognition

Goldrick, Putnam and Schwarz (Goldrick, Putnam & Schwarz) argue that code-mixing in bilingual production involves not only combining forms from both languages but also – crucially – integrating grammatical principles with gradient mental representations. They further propose an analysis of a particular case of intrasentential code mixing – doubling constructions – framed within the formalism of Gradient Symbolic Computation. This formalism, in their view, is better suited to accounting for code mixing than other generative language models because it allows the weighting of constraints both in the choice of particular structures within a single language and in blends of structures in code-mixed productions.

scholarly journals IMAGE OF THE FUTURE: DESIGN AND REPRESENTATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
M. K. Kremenchutska ◽  
І. V. Dobrynina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Future Design ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Images Of The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
World Image

Problem statement. It is shown that the main scientific vectors of the study of the personality image of the future can be considered philosophical, sociological, psychophysiological and psychological. In psychology, the future is revealed as a property of the mental. It is determined that the psychological phenomenology of the image of the future is that it is a holistic view of the individual about the future. It is in the mind and constantly affects behavior, activities, and its emotional state. The ability of an individual to construct his own future is due to the peculiarities of his individual psychological representations. This aspect is little studied in psychological science.  The purpose of the article is to present methods and techniques of research of representations and designing the world image of the future by the person. Results of the research. It is noted that the process of forming the image of the future is not only a vision of the end result, but also the impact on the assessment of behavior, consolidation of moral, volitional, intellectual efforts to realize their own expectations. This emphasizes the subjective nature of this process. In the framework of the research of mental representations and the peculiarities of constructing personality images of the future in a particular individual context were identified the mediative and moderative components that influence this phenomenon. The author’s method of assessing the world image of the future is presented. It is a technique of subjective scaling — that is, it shows how the individual imagines his future. To assess the relationship between the studied indicators, which are operationalized as concepts of psychosemantic analysis, a multidimensional deployment was used. Conclusions and prospects for further research. It is concluded that the psychosemantic approach is the most informative in the identified abilities of the individual to construct images of their own future. It is noted that the prospects for further research will be to identify the re lationship between forms and strategies for building mental representations of the image of the future with strategies for individual behavior in difficult life situations.

Mental Representations of Pregnant Nulliparous Women Having No Sex Preference

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques D. Marleau ◽  
Jean-François Saucier ◽  
Odette Bernazzani ◽  
François Borgeat ◽  
Hélène David
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Sex Preference ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Child

The objective was to elicit the mental representations about the sex of the future child of 89 nulliparous pregnant women who declared having no sex preference, using the Kelly s Repertory Grid. Analyses showed that 67% of these women had no explicit and clear representation about the sex of their first child. These data suggest that these pregnant women seemed really to have no sex preference.

A Student's Guide to HCI Research and Database Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-777
Author(s):  
Lauriann M. Jones ◽  
Mustapha Mouloua
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
British Journal ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Database Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Future

This paper is intended to provide a useful guide and reference for those students (or researchers) attempting to familiarize themselves with the large body of HCI research available. This paper discusses trends, labs, funding sources, implications, and major contributions to HCI over the past decade (1995–2005) as documented through the British Journal of Behaviour & Information Technology. Several graphs are provided to illustrate patterns of interest and publication of HCI research with step-by-step guidance for the overwhelmed student (or researcher) for everything from narrowing relevant HCI journals and articles to a sampling of funding sources. All in the hope of providing a guide to understanding what has been done in the field, where to get started, and the direction HCI research may be going in the future.

scholarly journals Asykāl at-Taḥawwul al-lughawi fī al-Muḥādaṡah al-‘Arabiyyah ladā Thullāb Ma’had Yanbū’ al-Qur`ān

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Niswatush Sholihah ◽  
Noor Shofiana Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Outer Code ◽  
The Third ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Correct Form ◽  
The Future ◽  
Arabic And English

This was a qualitative research with listening and conversation as data collection techniques. The results described the students’ conversation process by using Arabic and English in boarding environment. The application is using Arabic in the first and second week, and English in the third and fourth week. The forms of code mixing in muhadatsah at Pondok Tahfidz Yanbu’ul Qur’an Menawan included inner and outer code mixing. Inner code mixing happened in the form of words, sentences and abbreviations. Outer code mixing occured in the form of words and sentences. Factors causing code mixing at the PTYQM Kudus included linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Linguistic factors were such as bilingualism, speech partners and vocabulary limitations. Non-linguistic factors were such as Arabic habits carried in Indonesian, fear of regulation, fear of being sanctioned, and increasing a sense of humor. The efforts to overcome the occurrence of code mixing at PTYQM were by giving attention and emphasis in training students, writing the correct form of code mixing on the board often visited by students, fostering students' awareness of the importance of Arabic for the future.

scholarly journals Ushering horticulture into a new era of research-based novelty

Italus Hortus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Boris Basile ◽  
Hilary Rogers ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Horticulture, as one of the main agricultural pillars, plays a leading role in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development currently adopted by the United Nations. Wellbalanced but creative and far-sighted models for the future of the horticultural sector are needed to assure food security, decrease poverty, counteract environmental degradation and combat climate change. During the last few decades, the international horticultural scientific community has produced a large body of research aiming to support the development of this critical agricultural sector. Italus Hortus (IH) aims to contribute to this challenging goal, covering all aspects of horticulture where a science-based innovation is possible and required. One of these aspects is the definition of innovative cultivation strategies and post-harvest technologies to allow yield stability and quality improvement. The latter includes also the design of cultivation models that by increasing the resilience of the horticultural crops, can mitigate the impact of climate change on the quantitative and qualitative yield performance of the cultivations. At the same time, horticulture will become one of the main actors of a more circular and climate-neutral economy. Increasing attention will be given to the study of cultivation strategies that can help to reduce soil degradation, and the negative effects of current horticultural management on the environment (smart and efficient use of the required inputs, introduction of environmentally-friendly biodegradable plastics, etc.). Some of these goals will be also achieved by increasing the technological level of agriculture including integrating modeling, proximal/remote sensing, mechanization/automation/robotics, mapping, geomatics, decision making, and/or statistics to define a more precise and smart horticulture. In addition, our scientific community will play a major role in supporting the research of innovative cropping systems, such as vertical farming and other solutions useful for the development of urban greening/agriculture (vertical gardens) and/or space farming. As new Editors of Italus Hortus, we are fully aware of the large volume of new sciencebased insights that the horticultural sector is eager for. We are enthusiastically committed to facilitating its dissemination and we will work to make Italus Hortus play a significant role in defining the horticulture of the future. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the former Editor-in-chief, Prof. Paolo Inglese, the former and current Editorial Boards, and all the paper authors and reviewers for the outstanding job they have done so far or they will do in the future.

scholarly journals Resilience in Vulnerable Small and New Social Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13546
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. M. Searing
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Financial Vulnerability ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
The Future

The use of financial ratios in predicting financial vulnerability has a large body of literature, but few studies address resilience and the recovery from financial distress. Further, no vulnerability studies specifically address the needs of small and young social enterprises. This study uses over twenty years of panel data to predict which factors signal the future recovery of small and young social enterprises. There is mixed support for hypotheses found in the literature, and though additional equity and revenue diversification is shown to be beneficial, increased surplus ratios carry implications which vary between financial stressors. Even in a sample of small organizations, we find evidence for the liability of smallness. Implications for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers are discussed.

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