Parental education and frequency of food consumption in European children: the IDEFICS study

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between parental education level and the consumption frequency of obesity-related foods in European children.DesignThe analysis was based on data from the cross-sectional baseline survey of a prospective cohort study. The effects of parental education on food consumption were explored using analysis of covariance and logistic regression.SettingPrimary schools and pre-schools of selected regions in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Germany and Spain.SubjectsParticipants (n 14 426) of the IDEFICS baseline cohort study aged 2 to 9 years.ResultsParental education level affected the intake of obesity-related foods in children. Children in the low and medium parental education level groups had lower odds of more frequently eating low-sugar and low-fat foods (vegetables, fruits, pasta/noodles/rice and wholemeal bread) and higher odds of more frequently eating high-sugar and high-fat foods (fried potatoes, fruits with sugar and nuts, snacks/desserts and sugared beverages; P < 0·001). The largest odds ratio differences were found in the low category (reference category: high) for vegetables (OR = 0·56; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·65), fruits (OR = 0·56; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·65), fruits with sugar and nuts (OR = 2·23; 95 % CI 1·92, 2·59) and sugared beverages (OR = 2·01; 95 % CI 1·77, 2·37).ConclusionsLow parental education level was associated with intakes of sugar-rich and fatty foods among children, while high parental education level was associated with intakes of low-sugar and low-fat foods. These findings should be taken into account in public health interventions, with more targeted policies aiming at an improvement of children's diet.

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Oral Health Knowledge, Awareness and Associated Practices of Pre-school Children’s Parents in Damascus, Syria: a cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32897/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sana Lala ◽

Saleh Al Kurdi ◽

Chaza Kouchaji

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Parental Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Child Gender ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Hygiene Practices

Abstract Background: Oral health hygiene and practices of pre-school children depends on the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of their parents. Parental education level, family background and family size play an important role in adapting oral hygiene practices. Also, oral health behaviors vary between boys and girls, and it is generally believed that girls are better at taking care of their oral hygiene than boys. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess oral health hygiene and practices of pre-school children (4-6 years old) and its correlation with their parent's education level, child gender and child order between his/her brothers in the family.Methods: A survey was conducted randomly among 270 parents of Damascus population. Access to the parents in the target age group was achieved through face-to-face interaction (14 parents), online (87 parents) and two different kindergartens in two different social areas (169 parents). A set of 17 questions were formulated, and the questionnaire was distributed. A comparison of the answers from the collected data was made on SPSS 24 using Chi-Square Tests.Results: Chi-Square Tests showed the important role of parental education level and its associated with regular dental visit (9.3%), temporary teeth treatment (48.1%), no early extracted teeth due to caries (48.5%) and no current caries (35.2%). On the other hand, there was no difference between child gender or order and daily oral hygiene practices.Conclusion: This study highlights the role of Parental education level in the quality of a child’s oral hygiene practices. Although some parents were aware of the importance of temporary teeth treatment and preventing caries through a regular dental visit, they weren’t aware of some deleterious oral habits.

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Towards a dialect-neutral assessment instrument for the language skills of Afrikaans-speaking children: the role of socioeconomic status

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000912000037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 415-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

FRENETTE SOUTHWOOD

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Parental Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Assessment Instrument ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Father Figures ◽

African Context ◽

Neutral Language

ABSTRACTThe aims of the study were to establish whether there is a correlation between the socioeconomic background of Afrikaans-speaking children and their performance on a dialect-neutral language test, and to ascertain whether the allowance the test currently makes for parental education level is sufficient. The Afrikaans version of the DiagnosticEvaluation ofLanguageVariation(Seymour, Roeper & de Villiers, 2005a) was administered to 231 Afrikaans-speaking children age 4 ; 0 to 9 ; 11 from various socioeconomic backgrounds. A positive correlation was found between the composite language scores as well as the scores for each of the language domains (syntax, pragmatics, semantics) and the primary female caregivers' highest level of education. Children with father figures present did not outperform those without. It appears that the original manner of accommodating parental education level in interpreting the children's language scores on the test is sufficient and need not be refined for the South African context.

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Physical and Sedentary Activities and Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study among First-Year Children of Primary Schools in Modena, Italy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3221

Author(s):

Stefania Paduano ◽

Antonella Greco ◽

Lucia Borsari ◽

Chiara Salvia ◽

Stefano Tancredi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Parental Education ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

First Year ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sedentary Activities

Children obesity is a serious public health issue. This study aimed to investigate physical/sedentary activities of first-year primary schools children in Modena, and their association with overweight/obesity and dietary habits of children and family characteristics to identify the risk factors for unhealthy lifestyles. Child physical/sedentary activities were gathered through an anonymous questionnaire administered to parents, as well as family characteristics and weight/height of child and parents. Logistic regression models, eventually adjusted for parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, were used to analyze data. Questionnaires were delivered by 660 families (74.2%), of which 72 without anthropometric data were excluded. Three out of four children spent in physical activities less than 7 h/week, while 63.9% dedicated to sedentary activities two or more hours/day. From multivariate analysis, the habit significantly affecting children’s overweight/obesity was spending time on tablets/Personal Computers/mobile phones/videogames. Higher parental education level resulted in a protective factor for implementing unhealthy lifestyles in terms of time dedicated to physical/sedentary activities. Our results suggest the need of interventions to increase time for physical activity and to promote a responsible use of digital media involving the entire families to reach all parents regardless of their education and nationality with a possible relapse on other family members.

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EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.1032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 329-337

Author(s):

Mariana Tumin ◽

Md Mizanur Rahman ◽

Zulkifli Jantan

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Education Level ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Stigma And Discrimination ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Stigma

People with mental illness often encounter stigma and discrimination. Mental illness-related stigma and discrimination represent the enormous obstacles that stand in the way of delivering mental health care. Little is known about stigma and discrimination toward mental illness in rural Sarawak. Thus, this study aimed to identify the stigma and discrimination towards mental illness among Sarawak’s rural community and the factors affecting them. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 840 respondent adults aged 21 and above. A validated Community Attitude towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and Discrimination towards Mental Illness questionnaire was used for data collection. A Two-way Multiple Analysis of Covariance (Two-way MANCOVA) test was carried out to determine how much gender and education level influence stigma and discrimination towards mentally ill patients. Analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference of standardised stigma and discrimination scores with education level (p<.001), but not with gender (p>.05). Age had a positive linear effect on both stigma and discrimination, whereas experience with mentally ill patients negatively affected both stigma and discrimination. Individuals with a lower level of education, older in age, and lesser experience in dealing with the mentally ill would have a higher level of stigma and discrimination towards mental illness. Thus, targeted and practical strategies need to be organised and implemented to combat mental illness-related stigma and discrimination.

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Comparison of the Change in the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Between High and Low Prevalence Areas of White Nile State, Sudan

The Korean Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 421-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seungman Cha ◽

Sung-Tae Hong ◽

Jin-Su Lee ◽

Hoo Gn Jeong ◽

In-Sun Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Schools ◽

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

White Nile

This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, school-aged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.

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Developmental outcomes of very preterm children with high parental education level

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.04.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carolien A. van Houdt ◽

Aleid G. van Wassenaer-Leemhuis ◽

Jaap Oosterlaan ◽

Anton H. van Kaam ◽

Cornelieke S.H. Aarnoudse-Moens

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

Education Level ◽

Preterm Children ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Very Preterm

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Psychoeducational Characteristics of Children with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/532371 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rolanda A. Maxim ◽

Samuel H. Zinner ◽

Hisako Matsuo ◽

Theresa M. Prosser ◽

Mary Fete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Composite Scores

Objective. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is an X-linked hereditary disorder characterized by hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, and anomalous dentition. Estimates of up to 50% of affected children having intellectual disability are controversial.Method. In a cross-sectional study, 45 youth with HED (77% males, mean age 9.75 years) and 59 matched unaffected controls (70% males, mean age 9.79 years) were administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, and their parents completed standardized neurodevelopmental and behavioral measures, educational, and health-related information regarding their child, as well as standardized and nonstandardized data regarding socioeconomic information for their family.Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in intelligence quotient composite and educational achievement scores, suggesting absence of learning disability in either group. No gender differences within or between groups were found on any performance measures. Among affected youth, parental education level correlated positively with (1) cognitive vocabulary scores and cognitive composite scores; (2) educational achievement for mathematics, reading, and composite scores.Conclusion. Youth affected with HED and unaffected matched peers have similar profiles on standardized measures of cognition, educational achievement, and adaptive functioning although children with HED may be at increased risk for ADHD.

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Waist circumference in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494818767790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽

pp. 12-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Per Morten Fredriksen ◽

Angelica Skår ◽

Asgeir Mamen

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Parental Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Aims: With overweight and obesity increasing worldwide, it has become ever more important to monitor the development and distribution of adiposity in children. This study investigated how the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children 6–12 years old relate to earlier studies. Methods: In 2015, 2271 children (boys, n = 1150) were measured for height, weight, and WC. Parental education level was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Results: A significant increase in WC with age was revealed for both sexes ( p < .0001). Boys at 10 and 12 years had a larger WC than girls; otherwise no difference between sexes was found. The WHtR decreased with age for girls ( p < .0001); 14% of the sample displayed a WHtR ≥ 0.50. Comparison with earlier studies showed a higher WC and WHtR despite no change in weight and body mass index. Conclusion: WC and WHtR are recommended as tools for identifying central obesity in children. The results indicate increased WC in 6–12-year-old children compared with earlier findings.

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Implications of parental lifestyle changes and education level on adolescent offspring weight: a population based cohort study - The HUNT Study, Norway

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e023406 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marit Naess ◽

Erik R Sund ◽

Turid Lingaas Holmen ◽

Kirsti Kvaløy

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Parental Education ◽

Population Based ◽

Education Level ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Education Levels ◽

Reduced Physical Activity ◽

Z Scores ◽

Over Time

ObjectiveObesity tends to cluster in families reflecting both common genetics and shared lifestyle patterns within the family environment. The aim of this study was to examine whether parental lifestyle changes over time, exemplified by changes in weight and physical activity, could affect offspring weight in adolescents and if parental education level influenced the relationship.Design, setting and participantsThe population-based cohort study included 4424 parent-offspring participants from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Exposition was parental change in weight and physical activity over 11 years, and outcome was offspring weight measured in z-scores of body mass index (BMI) in mixed linear models.ResultsMaternal weight reduction by 2–6 kg was significantly associated with lower offspring BMI z-scores: −0.132 (95% CI −0.259 to −0.004) in the model adjusted for education. Parental weight change displayed similar effect patterns on offspring weight regardless of parents’ education level. Further, BMI was consistently lower in families of high education compared with low education in the fully adjusted models. In mothers, reduced physical activity level over time was associated with higher BMI z-scores in offspring: 0.159 (95% CI 0.030 to 0.288). Associations between physical activity change and adolescent BMI was not moderated by parental education levels.ConclusionLifestyle changes in mothers were associated with offspring BMI; reduced weight with lower—and reduced physical activity with higher BMI. Father’s lifestyle changes, however, did not significantly affect adolescent offspring’s weight. Overall, patterns of association between parental changes and offspring’s BMI were independent of parental education levels, though adolescents with parents with high education had lower weight in general.

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