Unsaturated fat intakes and mental health outcomes in young women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Heath

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if associations exist between a range of unsaturated fatty acid intakes and mental health outcomes.DesignCross-sectional data analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) Young Cohort Survey 3 that included the validated seventy-four-item Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies FFQ, validated mental health scales and self-report questions on depression and anxiety.SettingAustralia, 2003.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of young Australian women (25–30 years) from ALSWH. The 7635 women with plausible energy intakes (>4·5 but <20·0 MJ/d) were included in the analyses.ResultsAdjusted logistic regression analyses found statistically significant associations between higher intakes of α-linolenic acid and decreased likelihood of depressive symptoms indicated by the ten-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10; OR=0·77; 95 % CI 0·60, 0·99; P=0·040) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental health subscale (OR=0·73 95 % CI 0·56, 0·96; P=0·024). Furthermore, higher intakes of n-6 fatty acids (OR=0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99; P=0·019) and linoleic acid (OR=0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99; P=0·020) were associated with decreased likelihood of self-reported diagnosed anxiety and higher intakes of n-9 fatty acids (OR=1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·04; P=0·041) and oleic acid (OR=1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·05; P=0·046) were associated with increased likelihood of self-reported diagnosed anxiety.Conclusions:Increased intakes of α-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms, increased intakes of n-6 fatty acids and linoleic acid were associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported anxiety, and increased intakes of n-9 fatty acids and oleic acid were associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate associations between unsaturated fatty acids and depression and anxiety.

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Inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2850557 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 285 (2) ◽

pp. 557-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

T Liang ◽

S Liao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Binding Assay ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Undecylenic Acid ◽

Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽

Enzymic Assay

Human or rat microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity, as measured by enzymic conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or by binding of a competitive inhibitor, [3H]17 beta-NN-diethulcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA) to the reductase, is inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10 microM) of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: gamma-linolenic acid greater than cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid = cis-6,9,12,15-octatetraenoic acid = arachidonic acid = alpha-linolenic acid greater than linoleic acid greater than palmitoleic acid greater than oleic acid greater than myristoleic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, are inactive. The methyl esters and alcohol analogues of these compounds, glycerols, phospholipids, saturated fatty acids, retinoids and carotenes were inactive even at 0.2 mM. The results of the binding assay and the enzymic assay correlated well except for elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, the trans isomers of oleic acid and linoleic acid respectively, which were much less active than their cis isomers in the binding assay but were as potent in the enzymic assay. gamma-Linolenic acid had no effect on the activities of two other rat liver microsomal enzymes: NADH:menadione reductase and glucuronosyl transferase. gamma-Linolenic acid, the most potent inhibitor tested, decreased the Vmax. and increased Km values of substrates, NADPH and testosterone, and promoted dissociation of [3H]4-MA from the microsomal reductase. gamma-Linolenic acid, but not the corresponding saturated fatty acid (stearic acid), inhibited the 5 alpha-reductase activity, but not the 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, of human prostate cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in regulating androgen action in target cells.

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FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF TOCTE (JUGLANS NEOTROPICA DIELS) WALNUT FROM ECUADOR

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.16344 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 395 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vilcacundo E ◽

Alvarez M ◽

Silva M ◽

Carpio C ◽

Morales D ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Fatty Acids Composition

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in a tocte seeds oil (Juglans neotropica Diels) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Tocte oil was obtained from tocte seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography method with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from tocte (J. neotropica Diels) walnut using the GC–MS analytical method. The total lipid content of tocte walnuts seeds of plants cultivated in Ecuador was of 49.01% of the total lipid content on fresh weight. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GC–MS. Tocte walnut presents 5.05% of palmitic acid, 2.26% of stearic acid, 19.50% of oleic acid, 65.81% of linoleic acid, and 2.79% linolenic acid of the total content of fatty acids in tocte oil. Fatty acids content reported in this study were similar to the data reported for other walnuts seeds.Conclusions: Tocte seeds are a good source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Tocte oil content oleic acid and with a good content of ɷ6 α-linoleic and ɷ3 α-linolenic. Tocte walnut can help reduce risk cardiovascular diseases in Ecuador for their good composition of fatty acids.

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Associations between self-reported changes in physical activities and sedentary behaviors and changes in mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

HRB Open Research ◽

10.12688/hrbopenres.13374.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Cillian McDowell ◽

Mark Ward ◽

Christine McGarrigle ◽

Aisling O'Halloran ◽

Sarah Gibney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Sedentary Behaviours ◽

Do It Yourself

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and containment strategies employed to limit its spread have profoundly impacted daily life. Emerging evidence shows that mental health worsened compared to pre-pandemic trends. In this study, we examine associations of self-reported changes in physical activities and sedentary behaviors with mental health changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among older Irish adults. Methods: This study used data from Wave 5 (2018) and the COVID-19 study (July–November 2020) of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; Perceived stress, using the 4‐item Perceived Stress Scale. Participants reported perceived changes in participation in physical activities and sedentary behaviours before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Linear regressions examined separate associations between changes in physical activities and sedentary behaviours and changes in perceived stress/depressive symptoms. Adjustment included demographics, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, chronic diseases and stress/depressive symptoms at Wave 5. Results: Among 2,645 participants (mean age, 68.2yrs; 56% female), 19.5% (95%CI: 18.2–20.9) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to before the pandemic, reduced and no exercise at home and walking were associated with increased depressive symptoms and stress. A reduction in home DIY (do it yourself) was also associated with both depression and stress while doing no DIY at all was associated with increased stress but not depressive symptoms (all p<.05). Reduced hobbies and reading were associated with higher depressive symptoms, and both reduced and increased screen time were associated with increased depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Greater decreases in mental health were seen among those who reported negative changes in their physical and sedentary activities. These findings have important implications for mental health care both as we transition back to normal life and for responses to future pandemics.

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Methyl jasmonate vapors affect the composition and peroxidation of major fatty acids in common buckwheat seedlings

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1691 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Józef Klocek ◽

Magdalena Szwed ◽

Danuta Koczkodaj ◽

Joanna Mitrus ◽

Marian Saniewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Linoleic Acid Content ◽

Common Buckwheat ◽

Fatty Acid Peroxidation

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on the composition and peroxidation of major fatty acids in the organs of common buckwheat seedlings was investigated. The composition of fatty acids in the hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings changed significantly under exposure to MJ vapors in closed jars. Four-day exposure to MJ led to a significant reduction in the concentrations of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in the hypocotyl, whereas oleic acid levels increased approximately 3.5-fold. A decrease in stearic acid levels and an increase in the content of linolenic acid were noted in cotyledons, whereas oleic acid levels decreased in roots. Seven-day exposure to MJ vapor caused a further reduction in stearic acid content and an increase in oleic acid and linoleic acid levels in the hypocotyl. At the same time, the linoleic acid content of roots and linolenic acid levels in cotyledons were doubled, but a 5-fold reduction in linolenic acid concentrations was observed in roots. Methyl jasmonate intensified fatty acid peroxidation in cotyledons after 4 and 7 days and in roots after 4 days of exposure. Peroxidation was inhibited in the hypocotyl and roots after 7 days. The noted changes in the composition and peroxidation of fatty acids are probably indicative of senescence in buckwheat seedlings under the influence of MJ. Senescence seems to proceed faster in cotyledons than in other organs of buckwheat seedlings.

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(174) Determination of Fatty Acid Composition in 120 Korean Native Rice Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1082d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1082D-1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyoung-Shim Cho ◽

Hyun-Ju Kim ◽

Jae-Ho Lee ◽

Jung-Hoon Kang ◽

Young-Sang Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Arachidic Acid ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Rice Cultivars

Fatty acid is known as a physiologically active compound, and its composition in rice may affect human health in countries where rice is the major diet. The fatty acid composition in brown rice of 120 Korean native cultivars was determined by one-step extraction/methylation method and GC. The average composition of 9 detectable fatty acids in tested rice cultivars were as followings: myristic acid; 0.6%, palmitic acid; 21.2%, stearic acid; 1.8%, oleic acid; 36.5%, linoleic acid; 36.3%, linolenic acid; 1.7%, arachidic acid; 0.5%, behenic acid; 0.4%, and lignoceric acid; 0.9%. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid, which composed around 94%. The rice cultivar with the highest linolenic acid was cv. Jonajo (2.1%), and cvs. Pochoenjangmebye and Sandudo showed the highest composition of palmitic (23.4%) and oleic acid (44.8%), respectively. Cultivar Pochuenjangmebye exhitibed the highest composition of saturated fatty acid (28.1%), while cvs. Sandudo and Modo showed the highest mono-unsaturated (44.8%) and poly-unsaturated (42.4%) fatty acid composition, respectively. The oleic acid showed negative correlation with palmitic and linoleic acid, while positive correlation between behenic and lignoceric acids was observed.

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Undiagnosed depression, persistent depressive symptoms and seeking mental health care: analysis of immigrant and non-immigrant participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796020000670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

D. Farid ◽

P. Li ◽

D. Da Costa ◽

W. Afif ◽

J. Szabo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Female Immigrants ◽

The Mean

Abstract Aims Early diagnosis and treatment of depression are associated with better prognosis. We used baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2012–2015; ages 45–85 years) to examine differences in prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed depression (UD) between immigrants and non-immigrants at baseline and persistent and/or emerging depressive symptoms (DS) 18 months later. At this second time point, we also examined if a mental health care professional (MHCP) had been consulted. Methods We excluded individuals with any prior mood disorder and/or current anti-depressive medication use at baseline. UD was defined as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 score ⩾10. DS at 18 months were defined as Kessler 10 score ⩾19. The associations of interest were examined in multivariate logistic regression models. Results Our study included 4382 immigrants and 18 620 non-immigrants. The mean age (standard deviation) in immigrants was 63 (10.3) years v. 65 (10.7) years in non-immigrants and 52.1% v. 57.1% were male. Among immigrants, 12.2% had UD at baseline of whom 34.2% had persistent DS 18 months later v. 10.6% and 31.4%, respectively, among non-immigrants. Female immigrants were more likely to have UD than female non-immigrants (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.25–1.80) but no difference observed for men. The risk of persistent DS and consulting an MHCP at 18 months did not differ between immigrants and non-immigrants. Conclusions Female immigrants may particularly benefit from depression screening. Seeking mental health care in the context of DS should be encouraged.

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Comparison of Biochemical Properties of the Original and Newly Identified Oleate Hydratases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03351-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Woo-Ri Kang ◽

Min-Ju Seo ◽

Kyung-Chul Shin ◽

Jin-Byung Park ◽

Deok-Kun Oh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽

Plant Oils ◽

Content Type ◽

Oleate Hydratase

ABSTRACT Oleate hydratases (OhyAs) catalyze the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which are used as precursors of important industrial compounds, including lactones and ω-hydroxycarboxylic and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. The genes encoding OhyA and a putative fatty acid hydratase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were identified by genomic analysis. The putative fatty acid hydratase was purified and identified as an oleate hydratase (OhyA2) based on its substrate specificity. The activity of OhyA2 as a holoenzyme was not affected by adding cofactors, whereas the activity of the original oleate hydratase (OhyA1) showed an increase. Thus, all characterized OhyAs were categorized as either OhyA1 or OhyA2 based on the activities of holoenzymes upon adding cofactors, which were determined by the type of the fourth conserved amino acid of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif. The hydration activities of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, were greater than those of OhyA1. Moreover, the specific activity of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, with the exception of γ-linolenic acid, was the highest among all reported OhyAs. IMPORTANCE All characterized OhyAs were categorized as OhyA1s or OhyA2s based on the different properties of the reported and newly identified holo-OhyAs in S. maltophilia upon the addition of cofactors. OhyA2s showed higher activities toward polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, than those of OhyA1s. This suggests that OhyA2s can be used more effectively to convert plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids because plant oils contain not only oleic acid but also PUFAs. The hydration activity of the newly identified OhyA2 from S. maltophilia toward oleic acid was the highest among the activity levels reported so far. Therefore, this enzyme is an efficient biocatalyst for the conversion of plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which can be further converted to important industrial materials.

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Effect of Vegetable Oil Fortified Feeds on the Content of Fatty Acids in Breast and Thigh Muscles in Broiler Chickens

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201079s9s021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 79 (9) ◽

pp. S21-S28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tereza Krejčí-Treu ◽

Eva Straková ◽

Pavel Suchý ◽

Ivan Herzig

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Thigh Muscles

The main objective of this work was to compare the effect of six vegetable oils added to feeding mixtures that were administered to broiler chickens on the content of major fatty acids in chicken meat. The experiment started with 90 one-day-old Ross 308 meat hybrid male chickens that were divided into six groups. Chickens were fed complete feeding mixtures for the prefattening (BR1), fattening (BR2), and post-fattening (BR3) of broiler chickens. The BR1 feeding mixture was administered to chickens aged 1-10 days, the BR2 feeding mixture was given from Day 11 to Day 30, and the BR3 feeding mixture was then administered until Day 42. The BR1 feeding mixture that was administered to all six groups during the first ten days of the experiment was supplemented with soybean oil. BR2 and BR3 feeding mixtures used to feed chickens aged 11-42 days were fortified with soybean oil (SO Group), rapeseed oil (RO Group), sunflower oil (SFO Group), flaxseed oil (FO Group), olive oil (OO Group), and evening primrose oil (EPO Group). The vegetable oils used differed by the composition of fatty acids, particularly by the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid. The use of the above-described experimental diets in young broilers from Day 11 to 42 had a significant effect on the content of fatty acids in the fat from breast and thigh muscles. The content of α-linolenic acid in breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received the feed containing flaxseed oil (21.16 g/100 g of oil and 17.13 g/100 g of oil, respectively) significantly increased (p ⪬ 0.01). The highest content of linoleic acid (p ⪬ 0.01) in breast and thigh muscles was found in chickens that were fed the feed containing primrose oil (59.13 g/100 g and 51.71 g/100 g). A significant increase (p ⪬ 0.01) in the level of oleic acid was detected in both breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received olive oil fortified feed (52.44 g/100 g and 43.70 g/100 g of oil). No significant variation was found in the content of palmitic acid and palmitooleic acid. The levels of oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in feeding mixtures correlated with those found in breast and thigh muscles (r = 0.88; 0.94 and 0.99; r = 0.99; 0.98 and 0.99).

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Effect of feeding linseed on the fatty acid composition of milk

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/51/2060 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Ágnes Süli ◽

Béla Béri ◽

János Csapó ◽

Éva Vargáné Visi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids

In the last decades many researches were made to change the animal product food’s composition. The production of better fat-compound milk and dairy products became a goal in the name of health conscious nutrition. These researches were motivated by the non adequate milk fat’s fatty acid composition. There have been made researches in order to modify the milk’s fatty acids’ composition to reach the expectations of functional foods. With the optimal supplement of the feed can be increased the proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and can decreased the saturated fatty acids. Row fat content of milk was not decreasing in the course of examination neither of the cold extruded linseed nor the whole linseed supplement as opposed to observations experienced by other authors. In case of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids when supplementing with cold extruded linseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid. In case of saturated fatty acids the quantity of palmitic acid and myristic acid lowered considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many fatty acids from the milkfat of saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, alfa-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers as well. The producing of milk with favourable fatty acid content from human health point of view can give scope propagate the products of animal origin.

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Changes in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102713 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2713 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mayakrishnan Prabakaran ◽

Kyoung-Jin Lee ◽

Yeonju An ◽

Chang Kwon ◽

Soyeon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Soybean Flour

Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of raw soybean flour—oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid—decreased by 30.0%, 94.4%, and 97.7%, and 38.0%, 94.8%, and 98.0% when stored in polyethylene and polypropylene film, respectively, after 48 weeks of storage under high-temperature conditions. These values were later increased due to hydrolysis. This study presents the changes in composition and content of two soybean flour types and the changes in quality and stability of fatty acids in response to storage temperature and duration. This study shows the influence of storage conditions and temperature on the nutritional quality which is least affected by packing material.

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