scholarly journals Exposure and perceptions of marketing for caffeinated energy drinks among young Canadians

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hammond ◽  
Jessica L Reid
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Abstract Objective To examine exposure to energy drink marketing among youth and young adults, and test perceptions of energy drink advertisements (ads) regarding target audience age and promoting energy drink use during sports. Design A between-group experiment randomly assigned respondents to view one of four energy drink ads (sport-themed or control) and assessed perceptions of the ad. Regression models examined marketing exposure and perceptions. Setting Online survey (2014). Subjects Canadians aged 12–24 years (n 2040) from a commercial panel. Results Overall, 83 % reported ever seeing energy drink ads through at least one channel, including on television (60 %), posters/signs in stores (49 %) and online (44 %). Across experimental conditions, most respondents (70·1 %) thought the ad they viewed targeted people their age or younger, including 42·2 % of those aged 12–14 years. Two sport-themed ads were more likely to be perceived as targeting a younger audience (adjusted OR (95 % CI): ‘X Games’ 36·5 %, 4·16 (3·00, 5·77); ‘snowboard’ 19·2 %, 1·50 (1·06, 2·13)) v. control (13·3 %). Participants were more likely to believe an ad promoted energy drink use during sports if they viewed any sport-themed ad (‘X Games’ 69·9 %, 8·29 (6·24, 11·02); ‘snowboard’ 76·7 %, 11·85 (8·82, 15·92); ‘gym’ 66·8 %, 7·29 (5·52, 9·64)) v. control (22·0 %). Greater reported exposure to energy drink marketing was associated with perceiving study ads as promoting energy drink use during sports. Conclusions Energy drink marketing has a high reach among young people. Ads for energy drinks were perceived as targeting youth and promoting use during sports. Such ads may be perceived as making physical performance claims, counter to Canadian regulations.

scholarly journals Exposure to Caffeinated Energy Drink Marketing and Educational Messages among Youth and Young Adults in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Wiggers ◽  
Mark Asbridge ◽  
N. Baskerville ◽  
Jessica Reid ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Educational Message ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

The objective of the current study was to evaluate young Canadians’ exposure to caffeinated energy drink marketing and educational messages that warn about the potential health risks of energy drinks. An online survey was conducted in 2015 with youth and young adults aged 12–24 years recruited from a national online panel (n = 2023). Respondents were asked about their exposure to energy drink marketing and educational messages that warn about the potential health risks of energy drinks. Regression models were fitted to examine correlates of exposure to marketing and to educational messages. Over 80% of respondents reported ever seeing energy drink marketing through at least one channel, most commonly television (58.8%), posters or signs in a convenience or grocery store (48.5%), and online ads (45.7%). The mean number of marketing channels selected was 3.4 (SD = 2.9) out of ten. Respondents aged 18–19 (vs. 12–14 and 15–17) and 20–24 (vs. 12–14 and 15–17) reported significantly more channels of exposure to marketing. Overall, 32% of respondents reporting ever seeing an educational message about energy drinks. The most frequently reported sources of exposure were at school (16.2%), online (15.0%), and on television (12.6%). Respondents aged 18–19 (vs. 12–14, 15–17 and 20–24) and 20–24 (vs. 15–17) were significantly more likely to report having seen an educational message. Exposure to energy drink marketing was common among youth and young adults and was significantly more prevalent than exposure to educational messages that warn about the potential health risks of energy drinks. A comprehensive policy approach, including enforcing responsible marketing and increasing education surrounding the risks of consuming energy drinks, may be an effective approach in promoting lower-risk consumption of CEDs.

scholarly journals At-a-glance - Perceptions of caffeinated drinks among youth and young adults in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Spence ◽  
Brittany Cormier ◽  
Jessica L. Reid ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
State Health ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Low Levels

The current study assessed youth and young adults’ perceptions and attitudes toward caffeine and energy drinks (EDs). An online survey was conducted with 2036 panelists aged 12–24, about caffeine and ED knowledge, caffeine perceptions, and perceptions of ED safety. Few respondents (2.1%) could state Health Canada’s recommended limit for caffeine intake, although most participants (64.9%) correctly stated the maximum number of EDs that should be consumed per day. When shown four beverages, only 17.5% correctly identified the beverage with the most caffeine. Overall, young people generally have low levels of knowledge about caffeine amounts and intake from caffeinated beverages.

scholarly journals Tobacco advertising features that may contribute to product appeal among US adolescents and young adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Bridgid Moran ◽  
Kathryn Heley ◽  
Lauren Czaplicki ◽  
Caitlin Weiger ◽  
David Strong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Product Appeal

Abstract Introduction Cigarette advertising is a causal agent of smoking uptake among young people. Although prior research links ad receptivity to tobacco product interest and use, little is known regarding the specific advertising tactics associated with increased product appeal among young people. Methods A national sample of 13-20 year-olds (N=3,688, youth) and 21-24 year-olds (N=1,556, young adults) in the United States participated in an online survey in 2017 (mean age 18.1 years). The majority (72.0%) of youth and nearly half (44.8%) of young adults were never smokers. Participants were shown a cigarette ad, randomly assigned from a pool of 50 advertisements, and reported how much they liked the ad, and were curious about and interested in using the advertised product. All 50 advertisements were content analyzed for a variety of features. Data from the survey and content analysis were merged and mixed effects analyses used to identify the features associated with increased liking, curiosity, and interest in using, referred to collectively as product appeal. Results Presence of a sweepstakes offer was associated with increased liking, curiosity and interest among youth and curiosity and interest among young adults. Outdoors settings, flora imagery, natural descriptors, and environmental themes were associated with increased appeal. Price reductions (e.g., coupons) were associated with decreased appeal among youth. Conclusions This study identified several advertising tactics associated with increased appeal among youth and young adults. If additional research confirms these findings, the U.S. Food and Drug Association should consider restricting use of these tactics in tobacco advertising.

Predictors of Viewing Online Extremism Among America’s Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Costello ◽  
Rebecca Barrett-Fox ◽  
Colin Bernatzky ◽  
James Hawdon ◽  
Kelly Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Exposure to hate material is related to a host of negative outcomes. Young people might be especially vulnerable to the deleterious effects of such exposure. With that in mind, this article examines factors associated with the frequency that youth and young adults, ages 15 to 24, see material online that expresses negative views toward a social group. We use an online survey of individuals recruited from a demographically balanced sample of Americans for this project. Our analysis controls for variables that approximate online routines, social, political, and economic grievances, and sociodemographic traits. Findings show that spending more time online, using particular social media sites, interacting with close friends online, and espousing political views online all correlate with increased exposure to online hate. Harboring political grievances is likewise associated with seeing hate material online frequently. Finally, Whites are more likely than other race/ethnic groups to be exposed to online hate frequently.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Energy Drink Consumption in Participants and Viewers of Extreme Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Conrad A. Goodhew ◽  
Tracy L. Perry ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Online Availability

Objective. To quantify energy drink consumption and influences affecting consumption in those who participate in or watch extreme sports. Methods. An online survey, informed by focus groups, was administered via Quadrics®. Advertisement was via social media, emailing extreme sport clubs, flyers at extreme sport locations, and word of mouth. Participation was limited to those >18 y who watched and/or participated in extreme sports. The study was conducted in New Zealand, with international online availability. Variables measured comprised age, sex, energy drink consumption, reasons for their use, extreme sport viewing, advertising, and sponsorship. Logistic regression models were utilised. Results. Amongst participants who completed the questionnaire (n = 247), the mean (SD) age was 26.2 (8.2) y, 40.5% were female, 57.9% consumed energy drinks, and 25.5% consumed >one per week. For every year older, odds of consuming energy drinks were 3.1% lower p = 0.04 . A 31% increase in energy drink consumption for every single increase of viewing extreme sport per week was observed p = 0.009 ; however, reported viewing of advertising was not associated with increased consumption. Conclusions. A large proportion of extreme sport enthusiasts regularly consume energy drinks, especially younger adults. Extreme sport viewing, where energy drink sponsorship is common, appears to increase their consumption, even if not considered advertising by the viewers themselves.

scholarly journals Adverse effects of caffeinated energy drinks among youth and young adults in Canada: a Web-based survey

CMAJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. E19-E25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hammond ◽  
Jessica L. Reid ◽  
Sara Zukowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

scholarly journals Tölts rá...! Az alkohol és energiaital együttes fogyasztásának és a kockázatvállaló magatartási formák kapcsolatának felmérése fiatal felnőttek körében

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (27) ◽  
pp. 1100-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Gradvohl ◽  
Katalin Vida ◽  
József Rácz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: In Hungary and all around the world the incidence of consumption of energy drinks together with alcohol has increased among adolescents and young adults. Aim: The foremost aim of this survey was to find out whether alcohol mixed with energy drinks can enhance the appearance of other forms of risky behaviour among young adults. Method: In spring 2013 the authors carried out a quantitative sociological survey at three faculties of two major universities in Budapest, Hungary. Results: The survey showed that 1) consumers, who mixed alcohol with energy drinks, were likely to drink more alcohol both at parties and on ordinary days, and they took part in binge drinking more frequently than those consuming only alcohol; 2) students drank significantly less alcohol when they mixed it with energy drink. Conclusions: The conflicts of the results showed that even at the starting point there was a clear distinction between the two groups, moreover, it is not yet clear what interactions the combined effect of caffeine and alcohol can trigger in the behaviour of the individual. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(27), 1100–1108.

scholarly journals Financial Literacy in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Liběna Kantnerová
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Young People ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The University ◽  
South Bohemia

This paper analyses the need to deal with the issue of financial literacy and financial knowledge not only by adults, but also by youth and young adults. This paper is focused on research into the knowledge and understanding of the financial literacy of young people, mostly between the ages of 16 to 33 years, via a questionnaire. The survey, undertaken in the Czech Republic, is based on a sample of 329 students from high schools and 329 students from the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice [658].

scholarly journals Youth and Young Adult Convenience Store Behaviors: Findings From Intercept Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L King ◽  
Kimberly G Wagoner ◽  
Beth A Reboussin ◽  
Erin L Sutfin
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Gas Station

Abstract Introduction To inform tobacco policy and prevention efforts, we examined youth and young adult behaviors at gas-station-convenience stores and whether these behaviors varied by demographics or tobacco use. Aims and Methods Between June and July 2017, we conducted 990 intercept surveys at convenience stores in North Carolina among 16- to 25-year olds who were susceptible to or used tobacco. We used logistic regression to examine whether demographics or tobacco use predicted pumping gas, entering the store, or purchasing tobacco, gas, food, lottery tickets, or other items inside the store. Results Most participants (85.3%) reported ever using tobacco. Most visited that store at least once per week (40.3%) or once within the past month (41.2%). Just over half (55.0%) reported pumping gas at the store. Of those who went or planned to go inside (68.8%), 43.2% purchased food, 39.2% purchased gas, 33.1% purchased tobacco, and 6.8% purchased lottery tickets. Those who were aged 21–25, visited the store two to three times a week, and went inside already were more likely to purchase tobacco (all p < .05). Past 30-day cigarette, cigar, smokeless, and other tobacco uses were positively associated with purchasing tobacco (all p < .05). Conclusions Our sample of young people who were susceptible to or ever used tobacco regularly visited gas-station-convenience stores, and one-third purchased or planned to purchase tobacco during their visit. Convenience stores appear to be an important access point for young people. Practitioners and policy makers should consider a comprehensive set of strategies to reduce access among youth and young adults. Implications We conducted 990 intercept surveys among youth and young adults at gas-station-convenience stores. Among our sample of those who had ever used tobacco or were susceptible to use, most visited the store frequently and one-third purchased tobacco, particularly those who used cigarettes and cigars. Tobacco companies heavily market in convenience stores, and our results show tobacco is a product often purchased by susceptible young adults. Practitioners and policy makers should consider prioritizing efforts at convenience stores to reduce product purchase and use.

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