scholarly journals Traumatic event exposure associated with increased food insecurity and eating disorder pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3058-3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Black Becker ◽  
Keesha Middlemass ◽  
Clara Johnson ◽  
Brigitte Taylor ◽  
Francesca Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Food Pantries ◽  
Traumatic Event Exposure

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to investigate the association between food insecurity (FI) and eating disorders, which are nutrition-based public health problems, with traumatic event exposure in a low-income marginalized population. The study also investigated the association between traumatic event exposure, anxiety and weight stigma.DesignThe study used self-report surveys in a cross-sectional design.SettingFood pantries affiliated with the local food bank in a major US city.SubjectsParticipants (n 503) consisted of clients presenting to food pantries. Participants were predominantly female (76·5 %), Latino/Hispanic (64·6 %) and low-income (59 % reported earning under $US 10 000 per year).ResultsResults indicated that 55·7 % of participants had directly experienced a traumatic event; this increased to 61·6 % when witnessing was included. Higher levels of FI were associated with greater traumatic event exposure. Increased exposure to traumatic events correlated with worsened overall eating disorder pathology (r=−0·239), weight stigma (r=−0·151) and anxiety (r=−0·210).ConclusionsThe present study is the first to investigate the association of FI, eating disorders and trauma in a low-income marginalized population. Results indicate that exposure to traumatic events is common in this civilian population and that traumatic event exposure is associated with higher levels of FI and eating disorder pathology. Results indicate that further research is warranted given that traumatic event exposure, eating disorder pathology, weight stigma and anxiety may complicate effective delivery of public health interventions in those living with FI.

Epidemiology and Course of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Keel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
The Public ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance

The epidemiology of eating disorders holds important clues for understanding factors that may contribute to their etiology. In addition, epidemiological findings speak to the public health significance of these deleterious syndromes. Information on course and outcome are important for clinicians to understand the prognosis associated with different disorders of eating and for treatment planning. This chapter reviews information on the epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and two forms of eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder and purging disorder.

The exposure to traumatic events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Korean journalists

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Lee ◽  
Eun Hye Ha ◽  
Jung Kun Pae
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Traumatic Event Exposure

This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on Korean journalists and the contributing variables. Predicting variables included the exposure to traumatic events, coping strategy, social support, optimism, negative beliefs, and the journalists’ occupational perspectives. A total of 367 Korean journalists participated in the survey. The findings revealed that, first, Korean journalists had suffered severely from PTSD symptoms according to the prevalence rate. Second, the extent of traumatic event exposure, the length of career, the use of dysfunctional coping strategy, a lack of social support, and negative beliefs were identified as significantly related variables. Finally, occupational perspectives showed meaningful associations with development of the symptoms. This study provided an empirical analysis of Korean journalists’ experiences of traumatic events and psychological stress for the first time.

scholarly journals Stigmatization toward People with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2834
Author(s):  
Lisa Brelet ◽  
Valentin Flaudias ◽  
Michel Désert ◽  
Sébastien Guillaume ◽  
Pierre-Michel Llorca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Recovery Process

Research about stigmatization in eating disorders (EDs) has highlighted stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against people with EDs, as well as their harmful effects on them, including self-stigma and a difficult recovery process. Whereas a recent review focused on the consequences of ED stigma, our work aimed to provide a broader synthesis of ED stigma, including its consequences, but also its content and distribution. More precisely, we focused on three EDs—namely, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Based on a systematic search of four major databases in psychology, the present scoping review includes 46 studies published between 2004 and 2021. We did not conduct any quality assessment of the studies included, because our aim was to provide a wide-ranging overview of these topics instead of an appraisal of evidence answering a precise research question. The review confirmed the existence of a common ED stigma: all individuals affected by EDs reviewed here were perceived as responsible for their situation, and elicited negative emotions and social distance. However, our review also depicted a specific stigma content associated with each ED. In addition, the demographic characteristics of the stigmatizing individuals had a notable influence on the extent of ED stigma: men, young adults, and low-income individuals appeared to be the most stigmatizing toward individuals with EDs. It is important to note that ED stigma had a negative effect on individuals’ eating disorders, psychological wellbeing, and treatment-seeking behavior. There is an urgent need for further research on the adverse effects of ED stigma and its prevention.

Addressing Food Insecurity and Overweight/Obesity in Hospitalized Low-Income Latino Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Trina Lorraine Gipson-Jones ◽  
Bertha L. Davis ◽  
Ché Matthew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Utilization ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Disease Risks

Food insecurity (FI), the limited or unreliable availability of safe and nutritious food, is a pressing public health concern affecting millions of U.S. citizens. Unfortunately, FI tends to impact those who are most vulnerable (e.g., low-income minorities) and potentially increases obesity risks, diet-sensitive disease risks (e.g., hypertension and type 2 diabetes), and hospital utilization. Low-income Latino patients may be particularly sensitive to adverse outcomes based on unaddressed socioeconomic needs. Nurses are in a prime position to assess and address FI in these patients. Our article will discuss how nurses can be advocates in combating FI in Latino patients with overweight/obesity.

Food Insecurity Among Low-Income Hispanics in Hartford, Connecticut: Implications for Public Health Policy

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Himmelgreen ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla ◽  
Sofia Segura-Millán ◽  
Yu-Kuei Peng ◽  
Anir Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Policy

History of childhood sexual or physical abuse in Japanese patients with eating disorders: relationship with dissociation and impulsive behaviours

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. NAGATA ◽  
N. KIRIIKE ◽  
T. IKETANI ◽  
Y. KAWARADA ◽  
H. TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Self Mutilation

Background. Empirical data regarding prevalence of sexual and physical abuse histories in Japanese patients with eating disorders is lacking, in contrast to Western countries. This study investigated the prevalence of traumatic events in Japanese patients with eating disorders, and examined the relationship between such traumatic events and clinical features.Methods. Subjects consisted of 33 patients with anorexia nervosa restricting type (RAN), 40 patients with anorexia nervosa binge eating/purging type (AN–BP), 63 patients with bulimia nervosa purging type (BN) and 99 healthy controls. All were female and diagnoses were based on DSM-IV. The Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire (PSA), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and Dissociation Experience Scale (DES) were administered to all of the subjects.Results. Paradoxically, victims of minor sexual abuse committed by Chikan (a Japanese word indicating a person who commits minor sexual crimes) were more prevalent among controls than among patients with RAN, AN–BP or BN. However, physical punishment histories tended to be more prevalent among patients with AN–BP or BN than among RAN or controls. Only AN–BP and BN patients with physical punishment histories had twofold higher scores for DES and significantly more frequent histories of self-mutilation (67% v. 33%) compared with patients without such histories.Conclusion. An abuse history is not essential or a prerequisite to developing an eating disorder in Japan.

scholarly journals Older Adults Living With Food Insecurity: The Impact on Psychological Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Author(s):  
Robina Sandhu ◽  
Victoria Marshall ◽  
Carolyn Becker ◽  
Lisa Kilpela ◽  
Keesha Middlemass
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Food insecurity (FI) refers to inadequate access to nutritious foods, either in terms of quality or quantity. In older adults, FI is associated with functional impairment, isolation, financial vulnerability, lower quality of life, and poorer health (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease; Fernandes, et al). The effects of FI on psychological health broadly, however, have not been well-documented among older adults. This study sought to examine the impact of FI severity on psychological health indices among older adults. Older adult clients of local food pantries completed self-report measures of FI severity, worry, internalized weight stigma, trauma history, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms/behaviors. Participants (N=124, aged 66+) included: 68.5% women, 67.7% Hispanic, 75.8% □high school education, 51.0% household income < $10,000/year. Controlling for gender in all analyses, results indicated that FI severity predicted increased worry (p < .001, 21.9% variance), greater internalized weight stigma (p = .04, 3.9% variance), and a trend for increased risk for lifetime traumatic event exposure (OR = 1.4, 95% CI [.98, 2.01]). Regarding ED symptoms, male gender (OR = 6.60, 95% CI [1.96, 22.23] and higher FI severity predicted risk for self-induced vomiting in the past month (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.15, 5.36], risk for laxative/diuretic use for weight control (OR = 2.16, 95% CI [1.03, 4.52], and greater dietary restraint (p < .001, 16.1% variance). Male gender was associated with higher risk for binge eating in the past month (OR = 3.19, 95% CI [1.10, 9.24], while FI severity was not. Implications will be discussed.

Dieting and the Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 147-179
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Katherine Presnell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Causal Risk Factor

This chapter reviews theory and empirical evidence linking dietary restraint to eating pathology. Although prospective studies suggest that dieting increases risk for future onset of eating pathology, experiments suggest that assignment to weight loss and weight maintenance diets reduces eating disorder symptoms. Because these two findings have opposing public health implications, this chapter also considers various explanations for these inconsistent findings. Our analysis suggests that dieting is not a causal risk factor for bulimic pathology, but rather may be a proxy risk factor. We posit that a tendency towards overeating may lead to both dieting and bulimic pathology, which seems to better account for the pattern of observed findings, and propose a number of studies that might help further resolve whether dietary restraint is causally related to the development of eating pathology.

scholarly journals Sheltering in place swings door open wide to food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Amir Alakaam ◽  
Sondra Gudmundson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing economic devastation and health system instability around the world. It has been reported that virus pandemics result in food crises even before the appearance of health impacts of the virus in the community. Addressing the consequences of food insecurity is critical during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is no evidence for the best module or practice used to reduce food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic. However, a previously adapted tool can be used to address and measure community needs as well as expand access to food. The purpose of this report is to introduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity among the low-income population of the United States and to provide a suggestion to intervene on the impact. Using a validated tool to identify food insecurity, coupled with urgent immediate policy change, may diminish consequences of food insecurity and protect the health of those most fragile during a pandemic crisis in rural and low-income communities.

scholarly journals Eating Disorder Pathology Among Individuals Living With Food Insecurity: A Replication Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Black Becker ◽  
Keesha M. Middlemass ◽  
Francesca Gomez ◽  
Andrea Martinez-Abrego
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Not At Risk

Eating disorders (EDs) are stereotypically associated with thin, White, affluent women and girls. One result of the ED stereotype has been a relative dearth of ED research with marginalized communities. The aim of this study was to replicate recent findings showing an association between the severity of food insecurity (FI) and increased ED pathology. Participants included 891 clients of an urban food bank. Results were consistent with the findings of previous research; participants in the most severe FI group reported significantly higher levels of ED pathology, dietary restraint, anxiety, and depression. Findings provide further evidence that the thin, White, affluent, female ED stereotype offers a flawed portrait and highlight the need for additional psychological research that focuses on marginalized populations to address disparities in access to care. Both scholars and clinicians need to move away from the stereotypical portrait of who is and is not at risk for developing an ED.

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