Associations of dietary patterns with blood pressure and markers of subclinical arterial damage in adults with risk factors for cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Vicky Tzelefa ◽  
Christiana Tsirimiagkou ◽  
Antonios Argyris ◽  
George Moschonis ◽  
George Perogiannakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Arterial Damage

Abstract Objective: Unhealthy diet is a modifiable risk factors leading to subclinical arterial damage (SAD), high BP and CVD. It was aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with SAD in adults having multiple CVD risk factors. Design: Dietary intake was evaluated through two 24-h dietary recalls and principal component analysis was used to identify DPs. Oscillometry, applanation tonometry with pulse wave analysis and carotid ultrasound were used to assess peripheral and aortic BP, arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflections. Setting: Laiko University Hospital, Athens, Greece Participants: 470 individuals (53.1±14.2 years) with CVD risk factors were enrolled. Results: A pattern characterized by increased consumption of whole-grain cereals, white meat and reduced consumption of sugar was positively associated with common carotid compliance (β=0.01, 95%CI 0.00 – 0.01, whereas a pattern high in refined cereals, red and processed meat was positively associated with brachial but not aortic systolic pressure (β=1.76, 95%CI 0.11 – 3.42) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β=1.18, 95%CI=0.02 −2.38). Low consumption of low-fat dairy products, high consumption of full fat cheese and butter was positively associated with MAP (β=0.97,95%CI=0.01 – 1.95). Increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, fresh juices, fish and seafood was inversely associated with augmentation index (AIx) (β=−1.01,95% CI=−1.93 – 0.09). Conclusion: Consumption of whole grains, white meat, fruits/vegetables, fish/seafood, and avoidance of sugar was associated with improved SAD. Preference in refined grains, red/processed meat, high fat cheese/butter and low intake of low-fat dairy products was associated with BP elevation. Future studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

scholarly journals Impact of Low-Fat and Full-Fat Dairy Intake on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schmidt ◽  
Gail Cromer ◽  
Maggie Burhans ◽  
Jessica Kuzma ◽  
Derek Hagman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objectives Dairy fat has been hypothesized to promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its high saturated fat content, contributing to recommendations to consume low-fat dairy foods. However, emerging evidence indicates that dairy fat does not negatively impact CVD risk, particularly when consumed in foods with a complex matrix. Though, few trials have directly compared the effect of low-fat versus full-fat dairy foods. Therefore, we aimed to test the effects of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat dairy on CVD risk factors, compared to a limited dairy diet. We hypothesized that diets rich in dairy would not impact CVD risk factors. Methods Seventy-two participants with the metabolic syndrome completed a 4-week wash-in period; limiting their dairy intake to ≤ 3 servings of skim milk per week. Participants were then randomized to either continue the limited dairy diet or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings per day of either low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese for 12-weeks. The plasma lipid profile and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention period. Results In the per protocol analysis (n = 66), there was no intervention effect on fasting plasma total-, low-density lipoprotein-, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, or cholesterol content in 38 isolated lipoprotein fractions (p > 0.1 for all variables). There was also no intervention effect on diastolic blood pressure. There was a significant difference among the diet interventions for systolic blood pressure (P = 0.045), with a trend for a decrease in the low-fat dairy diet compared to the limited dairy diet in post hoc testing after adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusions In individuals with the metabolic syndrome, consuming 3.3 servings of dairy per day, regardless of fat content, did not affect blood lipids and modestly improved blood pressure compared to a diet virtually free of dairy. This provides further evidence that dairy fat, when consumed as part of complex whole foods, does not significantly impact CVD risk factors. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Dairy Council, Dairy Farmers of Canada, the Dutch Dairy Association, Dairy Australia, and the French Dairy Interbranch Organization.

Western dietary pattern increases risk of cardiovascular disease in Iranian adults: a prospective population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Zahra Bahadoran ◽  
Azita Zadeh Vakili ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk

Limited data are available regarding the association of major dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Middle Eastern countries. We aimed to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns, using factor analysis, with the risk of CVD. Participants without CVD (n = 2284) were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and were followed for a mean of 4.7 years. Dietary intake of participants was assessed at baseline (2006–2008); biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examination. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of CVD across tertiles of dietary pattern scores. Linear regression models were used to indicate association of dietary pattern scores with changes of CVD risk factors over the study period. Two major dietary patterns, Western and traditional, were identified. During a mean 4.7 ± 1.4 years of follow-up, 57 participants experienced CVD-related events. In the fully adjusted model, we observed an increased risk of CVD-related events in the highest compared to the lowest tertile category of Western dietary pattern score (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.03–4.18, P for trend = 0.01). Traditional dietary pattern was not associated with incidence of CVD or CVD risk factors. A significant association was observed between the Western dietary pattern and changes in serum insulin (β = 5.88, 95% CI = 0.34–11.4). Our findings confirm that the Western dietary pattern, characterized by higher loads of processed meats, salty snacks, sweets, and soft drinks, is a dietary risk factor for CVD in the Iranian population.

scholarly journals Red meat and different dietary patterns and cardiovascular health - the review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Monika Borowiecka ◽  
Wanesa Góralczyk ◽  
Marlena Zając ◽  
Agnieszka Brzezińska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Scientific Papers

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are in a majority of health issues worldwide. Dietary habits have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular area since they are responsible for improvement or deterioration of that system condition. One of the most commonly mentioned product is red meat, both processed and unprocessed. Brief description of the state of knowledge: The aim of this review was to present currently available knowledge in the online database PubMed about consumption of red meat and cardiovascular health. The article covers scientific papers which indicate to the risk factor, which is intake of processed and unprocessed meat, and eventually incidents of CVD. It is also claimed that effects of consumption that group of protein may be dependent of its dosage. Conclusions: The review support an assumption that dietary patterns, in this case red meat, processed and unprocessed, play a significant role in being CVD risk factors. Besides, that influence should be measured more precisely and new scientific tools for tracking dietary habits should be input.

Abstract P306: Effect of A Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia A Bazzano ◽  
Kristi Reynolds ◽  
Tian Hu ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Calynn Bunol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Study Participants

There are few studies examining the effects of a diet low in carbohydrates on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the long term, particularly in contrast to the current dietary recommendations for decreased fat intake to reduce risk of CVD. We recruited 148 study participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 30–45 kg/m2, who were free of diabetes, CVD and kidney disease at baseline and randomly assigned them (74 in each group) to either a low carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day) or a low fat (<30% energy from fat, <10% from saturated fat) diet. Participants met with a study dietitian weekly for the first month then in group settings bi-weekly for 5 months then monthly for the next 6 months. Each group was provided the same behavioral curriculum related to diet emphasizing portion control and eating habits. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted at each clinic visit (0, 3, 6 and 12 months of intervention). The primary outcome measures were weight, body composition, lipids, blood pressure, and glucose. Mean age of participants was 46.8 years, mean BMI was 35.4 kg/m2; 11.5% were men, and 51% were African-American. Of the study participants, 60 in the low fat group (81.1%) and 59 in the low carbohydrate group (79.7%) completed the entire intervention. At 12 months, mean total energy intake on the low carbohydrate diet was 1,448 kcal/day with 23.6% from protein, 40.7% from fats, and 34.0% from carbohydrate versus 1,527 kcal/day with 18.6% from protein, 29.8% from fats, and 50.0% from carbohydrate on the low fat diet. Compared to low fat diets, over 12 months the low carbohydrate group had greater reductions in weight (net change −3.62 kg, p<0.001), fat mass (−2.83 kg, p<0.0001), waist circumference (−1.79 cm, p=0.03), triglycerides (−12.83 mg/dL, p=0.05), and a greater increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 6.74 mg/dL, p<0.001). There were no differences in net changes between diets for total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose, creatinine, or lean body mass. Our findings document that a low carbohydrate diet was more effective for weight loss than a low fat diet, and did not have significant adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, the low carbohydrate diet improved HDL-C and triglycerides as compared to a low fat diet. Restricting carbohydrates is an effective method of weight loss and could be recommended for persons with and without increased CVD risk factors who need to lose weight.

Abstract P173: Dietary Patterns And Their Association With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Mexican Origin Adults Living In The U.s. Mexico Border

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Burgos ◽  
Joe Tomaka ◽  
Hector G Balcazar ◽  
Maria Duarte-Gardea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
The U.S

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death for Hispanics in the U.S. Hispanics are disproportionally affected by CVD and experience risk factors at higher rates than non-Hispanic whites. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity has increased for Hispanics in the last decades. Although CVD are among the most expensive and widespread health problems, they are among the most preventable. Evidence shows that diet plays an important role in the development of CVD; population-wide dietary changes are partially responsible for the increasing epidemic of chronic diseases and the consumption of a healthier dietary pattern can help prevent and control CVD morbidity and mortality. The H.E.A.R.T. (Health Education Awareness Research Team) study was an 8-year NIH funded project that implemented risk-reduction strategies to improve heart health in Hispanics living in the U.S.-Mexico border. Baseline data from the H.E.A.R.T. study was used to evaluate dietary patterns among participants in the intervention and learn how to best utilize these patterns as potential risk or preventive factors in addressing CVD among Hispanics. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to characterize the dietary patterns of Hispanics, of Mexican origin, and assess their associations with CVD risk factors. We hypothesized that the consumption of an unhealthier dietary pattern would be associated with higher prevalence of risk factors when compared to a healthier pattern. Results: Baseline data included 605 Hispanics living in the U.S. -Mexico border. The average age was 44 ± 12.9 years. The majority of the sample was female (84.5%), almost two-thirds were born in Mexico and more than 50% were obese. Factor analysis identified five dietary patterns; two major patterns were labeled Western and Prudent; three minor patterns were labeled Mexican, Juice, and Sweets. The Western pattern was predominantly consumed by younger adults, males, and adults born in the U. S. The Prudent pattern was predominantly consumed by older adults, females, and adults born in Mexico. The Western pattern was positively and significantly associated with waist circumference (WC) only, but not BMI, blood pressure, or CVD risk index. The Prudent pattern was negatively and significantly associated with reduced CVD risk Index, as measured by an 11 item questionnaire. Conclusions: This study identified different dietary patterns among Hispanics. Two patterns were similar to those found previously in different populations. In addition, we identified that a healthy pattern, with high intake of fruit, vegetables, fish and poultry is associated with lower CVD risk index in a high risk population. Although the Western pattern was only associated with WC but not other CVD risk factor, overweight and obesity was present in 85% of participants indicating a strong need for strategies to reduce obesity and CVD risk factors in this population.

scholarly journals Joint associations of dietary pattern and television viewing with CVD risk factors among urban men and women in China: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Xin Hong ◽  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
Zhenzhen Qin ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Television Time ◽  
Joint Associations

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the joint associations of dietary pattern and television viewing with risk factors of CVD among urban adults in China. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among urban adults in Nanjing, China. Five dietary patterns were identified based on a FFQ. Television time was obtained from a standard questionnaire and further classified into two categories (≤7, >7 h/week). Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the OR and 95 % CI for the separate and joint associations of dietary patterns and television viewing with CVD risk factors. Compared with other dietary patterns, participants who followed the healthy traditional pattern had a lower likelihood of abdominal obesity (AO) (OR 0·52; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·67). Participants watching television no more than 7 h/week presented a 19 and 21 % lower likelihood for hypertension (HT) and elevated total cholesterol (ETC) than those with television time >7 h/week. Individuals who had less television time and a healthy dietary pattern had a lower OR for the presence of AO (OR 0·48; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·65), HT (OR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·77), ETC (OR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·91) and elevated TAG (OR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·61, 0·95), compared with those who followed other dietary patterns and television time >7 h/week. In conclusion, both healthy traditional pattern and less television time are jointly associated with reduced levels of CVD risk factors. It has important public health implications regarding the precision prevention of CVD at population level.

scholarly journals Geographical profiles of cardiovascular risk and the risk factors in China: data from a nationwide population-based screening project

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q Wu ◽  
X Li ◽  
J.P Lu ◽  
B.W Chen ◽  
Y.C Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Food Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Activity Factor

Abstract Background In China, an abundance of cardiovascular risk factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which caused almost 4 million deaths per year. However, comprehensive evidence on the geographical profiles of cardiovascular disease risk in China is lacking, as findings in prior studies have been limited to relatively small sample sizes, had incomplete regional coverage, or focused on a narrow risk factor spectrum. Purpose To compare the population CVD risk among different regions across China, and to describe the geographical distributions of CVD risk factors and their clusters throughout the nation. Methods In a nationwide population-based screening project covering 252 counties of China, standardized measurements were conducted to collect information on 12 major CVD risk factors. Individuals of high CVD risk were identified as those with previous CVD, or with a predicted 10-year risk of CVD greater than 10% according to the WHO risk prediction charts. We applied factor analysis to generate “clusters” that characterized the clustering of these risk factors, then explored their relationship with the local ambient temperature and per capital GDP. Results Among 983476 participants included, 9.2% were of high CVD risk, with a range of 1.6% to 23.6% across counties. Among the seven regions in China, the rate was relatively high in the Northeast (11.8%) and North China (10.4%), while low in the South China (7.2%) and Northwest (7.8%). We identified 6 clusters underlying CVD risk factors, including Obesity factor, Blood pressure factor, Staple food factor, Non-staple food factor, Smoking and alcohol factor, and Metabolic and physical activity factor (Figure). We found high risk regions were facing different leading challenges, like obesity and blood pressure for the North China, while unhealthy non-staple food for the Northeast. The South China, as the region with the lowest CVD risk, still had the highest prevalence of unhealthy staple food. Lower annual average ambient temperature was associated with higher risk in Blood pressure factor, Obesity factor and Non-staple food factor, but lower risk in Staple food factor and Metabolic and physical activity factor (p&lt;0.001 for all), consistently between rural and urban. Higher per capital GDP was associated with lower risk in Non-staple food factor in urban and higher risk in Metabolic and physical activity factor in rural (p&lt;0.05 for both). The correlation between per capital GDP and Smoking and alcohol factor differed significantly between in rural and urban regions (p=0.042). Conclusions The geographical profile of CVD risk in China is complex - population risk levels varied substantially across regions, which were contributed by different risk factors. China needs geographically targeted intervention strategies considering environmental and socio-economic factors to control CVD risk and reduce the burden related to CVD. Geographical disparity of risk clusters Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science

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