The ‘anthropologization’ of archaeological heritage

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kolen
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Practice Method ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transmission Of Values

AbstractWith the growing impact of postprocessual orientations, archaeologists have become increasingly aware that the production of values resides in all aspects of archaeological research. This awareness has also paved the way for a more encompassing concept of archaeological heritage, which of course not only includes the management of material traces but also the transmission of values through archaeological practice, method and theory. Many archaeologists and heritage managers now propagate the belief that reflecting on value production will better equip archaeology for ethical concerns or that it will improve its engagement with society, and that adopting anthropological perspectives and key notions may help to achieve this goal. This contribution explores the opposite proposition: that an anthropologically informed reflexive attitude is important to understand present-day heritage practices, but in most cases it is desirable for archaeologists to tell stories about the past, not about themselves, in order to be really engaged with public and ethical issues. Arguments for this proposition can be derived from the discipline's specific articulation of discovery, difference and time depth (including the ‘long term’), which traditionally shape archaeological research and narrative to a high degree, not only within academic discourse but also in a wider social setting.

Concussion, neuroethics, and sport: Policies of the past do not suffice for the future

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Partridge ◽  
Wayne Hall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Policies

Concussion management policies have become a major priority worldwide for sports that involve frequent collisions between participants because repeated head trauma has been associated with long-term cognitive impairments, mental health problems, and some forms of neurological degeneration. A number of concussion management policies have been developed by professional bodies and subsequently adopted by various sporting leagues. These have offered little guidance on how to navigate ethical issues in identifying and managing concussion. This chapter discusses ethical issues that arise in the diagnosis of concussion, debates about the longer-term consequences of repeated concussion injuries, and the design and implementation of policies that aim to prevent and manage concussion injuries in sporting matches.

China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy: Evidence from China’s disaster-related aid to Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110192
Author(s):  
Peng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Effective Channel ◽  
India And China

Engaging in disaster relief and, more recently, post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries with critical geoeconomic and geopolitical interests has become an increasingly regular and institutionalized component of China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy over the past decade. Drawn upon novel evidence from China’s growing disaster-related humanitarian assistance to Nepal and unprecedented engagement in Nepal’s long-term post-earthquake rebuild since 2015, this article explores the dynamics behind China’s transforming humanitarian diplomacy. The findings of this article suggest that: 1) geopolitical and geoeconomic interests, represented by the Belt-and-Road Initiative, serve as a critical driver for the development of China’s bilateral partnership with other countries in the disaster sector; 2) long-term cooperation with underdeveloped countries like Nepal provides China, both government and non-state actors (NSAs), with an effective channel to engage with the international humanitarian community and to internalize humanitarian norms; 3) although humanitarian missions remain contingent and instrumental in China’s international relations, they are laying the foundations for a specialized humanitarian policy area with more relevant normative assets, more professional actors, and more sophisticated institutions; 4) NSAs, represented by private foundations and civil NGOs, have played active roles in the state-dominant cooperation in disaster management. This article also suggests that intensified geopolitical confrontations, such as military clashes between India and China along their disputed borders over the past year, would lead to a high degree of politicization of humanitarian missions and partnerships counter-conducive to humanitarian goals.

Commentary: The Broader Context of Long-Term Care Ethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-556
Author(s):  
Jason Lesandrini ◽  
Carol O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Care Setting ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Ethics Program ◽  
Made In

Ethical issues in long-term care settings, although having received attention in the literature, have not in our opinion received the appropriate level they require. Thus, we applaud the Cambridge Quarterly for publishing this case. We can attest to the significance of ethical issues arising in long-term care facilities, as Mr. Hope’s case is all too familiar to those practicing in these settings. What is unique about this case is that an actual ethics consult was made in a long-term care setting. We have seen very little in the published literature on the use of ethics structures in long-term care populations. Our experience is that these healthcare settings are ripe for ethical concerns and that providers, patients, families, and staff need/desire ethics resources to actively and preventively address ethical concerns. The popular press has begun to recognize the ethical issues involved in long-term care settings and the need for ethics structures. Recently, in California a nurse refused to initiate CPR for an elderly patient in a senior residence. In that case, the nurse was quoted as saying that the facility had a policy that nurses were not to start CPR for elderly patients.1 Although this case is not exactly the same as that of Mr. Hope, it highlights the need for developing robust ethics program infrastructures in long-term care settings that work toward addressing ethical issues through policy, education, and active consultation.

Public Archaeology in Poland: State of the Art and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michał Pawleta
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
The Past

This article aims to conceptualize the present state of public archaeology in Poland, which has recently become topical in archaeological practice. The author defines public archaeology and discusses the historical background of such activities in the context of the specific traditions of Polish archaeology. He then describes the main forms of outreach activities undertaken by archaeologists in Poland and presents community-oriented initiatives that go beyond the education of the general public about the past and strive to engage local communities in activities focused on archaeology and archaeological heritage. He concludes by outlining some directions that this sub-discipline may adopt in future.

Ethical Issues in Vascular Neurology

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Wheeler ◽  
Sadhana Murali ◽  
Justin Sattin
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Acute Stroke Treatment ◽  
Capacity For Consent

AbstractThere are ethical aspects to each of the three phases of cerebrovascular disease: hyperacute management, acute prognostication and management of early complications, and long-term recovery and reintegration with the community. This article addresses ethical concerns pertinent to each phase. First, we discuss ethical issues regarding consent for thrombolysis and endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke, including a review of considerations regarding the provision of acute stroke treatment advice over the telephone. Next, we discuss capacity for consent and prognostication after ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, with a focus on the problems of the self-fulfilling prophecy. Finally, we discuss residual disability and patients' return to driving. Consideration of these ethical dimensions of cerebrovascular disease will assist neurologists in caring for patients and families suffering from this complex condition.

scholarly journals Digital Data and Data Literacy in Archaeology Now and in the New Decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Eric Kansa ◽  
Sarah Whitcher Kansa
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Literacy ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
Ethics Teaching ◽  
Research Endeavor

OVERVIEWDigital data play an increasingly important role in how we understand the present and the past. The challenges inherent in understanding and using digital data are as intellectually demanding as any other archaeological research endeavor. For these reasons, data management cannot be regarded as a simple compliance or technical issue. For data to be meaningfully preserved and used in intellectually rigorous ways, they need to be integrated fully into all aspects of archaeological practice, including ethics, teaching, and publishing. In this review, we highlight some of the significant and multifaceted challenges involved in managing data, including documentation, training, methodology, data modeling, trust, and ethical concerns. We then focus on the importance of building data literacy broadly among archaeologists so that we can manage and communicate the data our discipline creates. This involves more than learning to use a new tool or finding a data manager for one's excavation or survey. Long-term, responsible stewardship of data requires understanding the workflows and human roles in data management. Putting effort now into thoughtful data management and broad data-literacy training means we will be able to make the most of the “bigger” data that archaeologists now produce. An important aspect of this reorientation will be to look beyond the boundaries of our own research projects and information systems. Future research, teaching, and public engagement needs will also compel us to explore how our data articulates with wider contexts—within and beyond our discipline.

The short-term/long-term memory distinction: Back to the past?

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-758
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Vallar
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Component System ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
High Degree

The view that short-term memory should be conceived of as being a process based on the activation of long-term memory is inconsistent with neuropsychological evidence. Data from brain-damaged patients, showing specific patterns of impairment, are compatible with a vision of memory as a multiple-component system, whose different aspects, in neurologically unimpaired subjects, show a high degree of interaction.

scholarly journals The Street Network Composition and the Evolution of Street Paving in the Lyudin End of Novgorod (according to the Troitsky Excavation Data)

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Н. Н. Фараджева ◽  
О. А. Тарабардина ◽  
П. Г. Гайдуков
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Street Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
Excavation Site

Мостовые трех средневековых улиц (Пробойной, Черницыной и Яры-шевой), раскрытых в ходе многолетних археологических исследований на территории Людина конца, являются ценным источником для изучения формирования и развития уличной сети средневекового Новгорода. Поскольку средневековые улицы, исследованные на Троицком раскопе, были раскрыты в виде отдельных отрезков на площади девяти самостоятельных раскопов на протяжении 23 полевых сезонов (1976-1998), первостепенная задача работы состояла в выполнении сводной ярусо-логии уличных мостовых. Предпринятое исследование базируется на комплексном анализе стратиграфических, планиграфических и дендрохронологических данных. Результатом работ явились выводы, касающиеся сложения и эволюции уличной сети Людина конца средневекового Новгорода на протяжении значительного временного отрезка, начиная с 30-х гг. X и до середины XV в. The pavements of three medieval streets (Proboynaya, Chernitsyna and Yarysheva) disclosed in the course of long-term archaeological research on the territory of the Lyudin End, are a valuable source for the study of the street network of the medieval Novgorod formation and development. As far as medieval streets, studied on the Troitsky excavation site, were disclosed as separate segments on the square of nine independent excavations for the past 23 field seasons (1976-1998), the primary objective of the work was the implementation of the consolidated aromalogy of street pavement. The undertaken study is based on an integrated analysis of stratigraphic, planigraphic and dendrochronological data. The information obtained on planigraphy and chronology of each street pavement resulted in their comparative analysis, which highlights common and independent phases of street paving, their chronological and structural features were also mapped. The work resulted in the conclusion related to the composition and evolution of the street network of Lyudin End in medieval Novgorod for a substantial time interval from the 30ies of the 10 century to the mid 15 century

scholarly journals PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR PROMOTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF PARMA (ITALY)

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
E. Dall’Asta ◽  
N. Bruno ◽  
G. Bigliardi ◽  
A. Zerbi ◽  
R. Roncella
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Contents ◽  
Close Range ◽  
High Degree

In a context rich in history and cultural heritage, such as the Italian one, promotion and enhancement of historical evidences are crucial. The paper describes the case study of the Archaeological Museum of Parma, which, for the main part, conserves evidences found in the roman archaeological site of Veleia (Piacenza, Italy). To enhance the comprehension of the past, the project aims to promote the exhibits through new digital contents, in particular 3D models and AR applications, to improve their usability by the public. Projects like this pose some difficulties especially in data acquisition and restitution due to complexity of the objects and their dimension and position that are not always adequate for an easy survey. Furthermore, in this case, it was necessary to find a solution that takes into account, on one hand, the necessity of a high degree of detail to ensure high metric quality and, on the other hand, the need of producing small files, in order to easy load and consult them on the web or smartphone applications. For all these reasons, close-range photogrammetry was considered the most adequate technique to produce the major part of the models. In this paper, particular attention will be dedicated to the description of the survey campaign and data processing, underlining difficulties and adopted solutions, in order to provide a methodological summary of the actions performed.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Enhancement: An Introduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN McGEE
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Internist ◽  
Primary Care Clinician ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enhancement Technologies

The role of the healer is expanding. Attempts by physicians to enhance human capacity are but one among many new medical projects. The twentieth century ushered in significant changes in therapeutic modalities, and the past two decades have seen the role of the physician reshaped by economic, political, and dramatic new social mores. People ask new and different things of their clinicians. Under managed care, the primary care clinician is expected to have much more skill than was traditionally expected of a general internist, and new incentives force physicians to much more explicitly ration the care they provide to patients and to patient populations. But perhaps no change in the contemporary world of health portends more long-term effects than the introduction of enhancement technologies.

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