Comparative Cellular Localization of Sugar Residues in Bull (Bos taurus) and Donkey (Equus asinus) Testes Using Lectin Histochemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Gewaily ◽  
Mohamed Kassab ◽  
Asmaa Aboelnour ◽  
Essam A. Almadaly ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cellular Components

Lectins are glycoproteins of a non-immune origin often used as histochemical reagents to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in different types of tissues. In this study, we performed a comparative cellular localization of sugar residues in bull and donkey testes using immunofluorescent lectin histochemistry. We inspected the cellular localization of the glycoconjugates within the testes using 11 biotin-labeled lectins (LCA, ConA, PNA, WGA, DBA, SBA, ECA, BPL, PTL-II, UEA-1, and PHA-E4) classified under six groups. Although the basic testicular structure in both species was similar, the cellular components showed different lectin localization patterns. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the intensity of labeling and different variables, including group and type of lectin and type of cell examined, at p < 0.05. However, a stronger response tended to occur in the donkey than in the bull testes (odds ratio: 1.3). These findings may be associated with the different cellular compositions of the glycoproteins and modification changes during spermatogenesis. Moreover, glycoconjugate profiling through lectin histochemistry can characterize some cell-type selective markers that will be helpful in studying bull and donkey spermatogenesis.

Modeling a multi-layered blockchain framework for digital services that governments can implement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fernando Rebollar ◽  
Rocío Aldeco-Perez ◽  
Marco A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Information Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

The general population increasingly uses digital services, meaning services which are delivered over the internet or an electronic network, and events such as pandemics have accelerated the need of using new digital services. Governments have also increased their number of digital services, however, these digital services still lack of sufficient information security, particularly integrity. Blockchain uses cryptographic techniques that allow decentralization and increase the integrity of the information it handles, but it still has disadvantages in terms of efficiency, making it incapable of implementing some digital services where a high rate of transactions are required. In order to increase its efficient, a multi-layer proposal based on blockchain is presented. It has four layers, where each layer specializes in a different type of information and uses properties of public blockchain and private blockchain. An statistical analysis is performed and the proposal is modeled showing that it maintains and even increases the integrity of the information while preserving the efficiency of transactions. Besides, the proposal can be flexible and adapt to different types of digital services. It also considers that voluntary nodes participate in the decentralization of information making it more secure, verifiable, transparent and reliable.

Who Wins and Who Loses in the Provincial Courts of Appeal? A Statistical Analysis, 1920–1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCormick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Party Capability ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Appeal Courts ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractGiven the visibility and obvious importance of judicial power in the age of the Charter, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for desribing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of appeal courts in the United States and Great Britain is “party capability”, a theory which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from the reported decisions of the provincial courts of appeal for the second and seventh year of each decade since the 1920s, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of the highest courts of the ten provinces; comparisons are attempted across regions and across time periods, as well as with the findings of similar studies of American and British courts.

Cellular distribution of GPR14 and the positive inotropic role of urotensin II in the myocardium in adult rat

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 2228-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Gong ◽  
Yan-Xia Wang ◽  
Yi-Zhun Zhu ◽  
Wen-Wei Wang ◽  
Ming-Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Rt Pcr

Urotensin II is a cyclic neuropeptide recently shown to play a role via its receptor GPR14 in regulating vascular tone in the mammalian cardiovascular system. The existence of GPR14 in rat heart has been validated by ligand binding assay and RT-PCR. In the present study, we investigated the cellular distribution of GPR14 protein in rat heart by using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopic immunofluorescence double staining with antipeptide polyclonal antibodies against GPR14 and cell type markers for myocytes and endothelial cells. The direct effect of urotensin II on left ventricular contractility was further evaluated in isolated left ventricular papillary muscles of the rat. In paraffin-embedded heart sections, positive immunohistochemical staining was observed in the left ventricle but not in the right ventricle and atria. Immunofluorescence double staining revealed the cardiac myocyte as the only cell type expressing GPR14 protein in frozen heart sections as well as in isolated cardiac myocytes. There was no visible signal for GPR14 in intramyocardial coronary arteries and capillaries. The existence of GPR14 protein in rat heart was further validated by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. In isolated rat left ventricular papillary muscle preparations, urotensin II induced an increase in active contractile force. GPR14 mRNA was also detected in rat heart by RT-PCR. These data provide the first direct evidence for the cellular localization of GPR14 receptor protein and a positive inotropic effect of urotensin II in normal rat heart.

scholarly journals Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway as Potential Therapeutic Target in Parkinson’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam ◽  
Christine Tranchant ◽  
Sylviane Muller
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cellular Components

Cellular quality control systems have gained much attention in recent decades. Among these, autophagy is a natural self-preservation mechanism that continuously eliminates toxic cellular components and acts as an anti-ageing process. It is vital for cell survival and to preserve homeostasis. Several cell-type-dependent canonical or non-canonical autophagy pathways have been reported showing varying degrees of selectivity with regard to the substrates targeted. Here, we provide an updated review of the autophagy machinery and discuss the role of various forms of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on Parkinson’s disease. We describe recent findings that have led to the proposal of therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy to alter the course of Parkinson’s disease progression.

scholarly journals Autophagy in endocrine tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. R205-R218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Weckman ◽  
Fabio Rotondo ◽  
Antonio Di Ieva ◽  
Luis V Syro ◽  
Henriett Butz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Endocrine Tumors ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Tumor Survival ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intracellular Process

Autophagy is an important intracellular process involving the degradation of cytoplasmic components. It is involved in both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. The role of autophagy in cancer is described as a ‘double-edged sword,’ a term that reflects its known participation in tumor suppression, tumor survival and tumor cell proliferation. Available research regarding autophagy in endocrine cancer supports this concept. Autophagy shows promise as a novel therapeutic target in different types of endocrine cancer, inhibiting or increasing treatment efficacy in a context- and cell-type-dependent manner. At present, however, there is very little research concerning autophagy in endocrine tumors. No research was reported connecting autophagy to some of the tumors of the endocrine glands such as the pancreas and ovary. This review aims to elucidate the roles of autophagy in different types of endocrine cancer and highlight the need for increased research in the field.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RAILWAY BALLAST LAYER CONSOLIDATION AFTER MAINTENANCE WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Sysyn ◽  
Olga Nabochenko ◽  
Vitalii Kovalchuk ◽  
Ulf Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Railway Ballast ◽  
Seismic Method ◽  
Automated Evaluation ◽  
Dynamic Interpretation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation

The results of the study of the ballast layer consolidation after the work of ballast-tamping machines of different types are given in the article. The existing methods of determining the degree of consolidation of the ballast layer are analysed. The seismic method was improved by means of a complex dynamic and kinematic interpretation of the impulse response. For the dynamic interpretation with the use of statistical analysis, the features are selected so that they correspond to the degree of consolidation of the ballast layer. On the basis of researches, a device and software were developed that allow an automated evaluation of the ballast layer consolidation based on the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the measured impulse response. The measurements of the degree of the ballast layer consolidation after an operation of ballast-consolidation machines in different sequences allowed establishing the efficiency of the consolidation and the feasibility of the machines’ application.

Incidence of Roentgen Contrast Medium Reactions after Intravenous Injection in Pre-Registration Trials and Post-Marketing Surveillances

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Andrew ◽  
T. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Ionic Contrast ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
The Absolute

The relative risk of adverse drug reactions of ionic versus non-ionic contrast media injected i.v. were compared for different types of trials using odds-ratio. The absolute and relative risk found in large post-marketing trials were compared with that found in the iohexol pre-registration trials. The absolute risks were 2 to 10 times higher in the pre-registration trials compared to the post-marketing surveillances. The relative risk for all adverse drug reactions was 3 to 6 times higher for ionic vs. non-ionic media and independent of pre- or post-registration studies. The odds-ratio seems to be a feasible method of comparing the relative risk of adverse reactions in various trials.

scholarly journals Sexual molestation of males: Associations with psychological disturbance

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Adrian Coxell ◽  
Gillian Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Sexual Molestation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundThere are no epidemiological data in Europe on associations between sexual molestation in males and psychological disturbance.AimsTo investigate whether sexual molestation in males is a significant predictor of psychological disturbance.MethodWe recruited men attending general practice and genitourinary medicine services. Participants took part in a computerised interview about sexual molestation as children or adults. We ranked reported sexual experiences into three categories of decreasing severity. Each category was treated as an independent predictor in a multivariate analysis predicting different types of psychological disturbance.ResultsMen who reported child sexual abuse were more likely to report any type of psychological disturbance. Men who reported sexual molestation in adulthood were 1.7 (1.0–2.8) times more likely to have experienced a psychological disorder, but self-harm was the single most likely problem to occur (odds ratio⩵2.6, range⩵l.3–5.2). Men reporting ‘consenting’ sexual experiences when aged under 16 years also were more likely to report acts of self-harm (odds ratio⩵l.7, range⩵0–2.8).ConclusionsSexual abuse as a child or adult is associated with later psychological problems. All forms of sexual molestation were predictive of deliberate self-harming behaviour in men.

Statistical basis of clinical trials

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Prout ◽  
Tanya Jones ◽  
Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Research Types

This chapter summarizes some aspects of study design and statistical analysis to allow the anaesthetist to appraise research. Types of observational study are described and aspects of interventional studies such as sample size calculation and power are explained. Research governance, phases of drug trials and levels of evidence are described. A section on statistical analysis includes expression of proportion for binary data (odds ratio, number needed to treat) and use of probability and confidence intervals to measure statistical significance.

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