scholarly journals Sexual molestation of males: Associations with psychological disturbance

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Adrian Coxell ◽  
Gillian Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Sexual Molestation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundThere are no epidemiological data in Europe on associations between sexual molestation in males and psychological disturbance.AimsTo investigate whether sexual molestation in males is a significant predictor of psychological disturbance.MethodWe recruited men attending general practice and genitourinary medicine services. Participants took part in a computerised interview about sexual molestation as children or adults. We ranked reported sexual experiences into three categories of decreasing severity. Each category was treated as an independent predictor in a multivariate analysis predicting different types of psychological disturbance.ResultsMen who reported child sexual abuse were more likely to report any type of psychological disturbance. Men who reported sexual molestation in adulthood were 1.7 (1.0–2.8) times more likely to have experienced a psychological disorder, but self-harm was the single most likely problem to occur (odds ratio⩵2.6, range⩵l.3–5.2). Men reporting ‘consenting’ sexual experiences when aged under 16 years also were more likely to report acts of self-harm (odds ratio⩵l.7, range⩵0–2.8).ConclusionsSexual abuse as a child or adult is associated with later psychological problems. All forms of sexual molestation were predictive of deliberate self-harming behaviour in men.

scholarly journals Sexual molestation of males: Associations with psychological disturbance

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Adrian Coxell ◽  
Gillian Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Sexual Molestation

Background There are no epidemiological data in Europe on associations between sexual molestation in males and psychological disturbance.

The long-term co-occurrence of psychiatric illness and behavioral problems following child sexual abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina L Papalia ◽  
Stefan Luebbers ◽  
James RP Ogloff ◽  
Margaret Cutajar ◽  
Paul E Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Self Harm

Objectives: There is a growing body of research investigating the relationship between child sexual abuse and a range of adverse outcomes. However, very little is known about the long-term co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems among this vulnerable population, or the interaction between characteristics of the abuse, such as the nature and timing of the child sexual abuse, and the extent of subsequent adversities. This study aimed to determine the rate and co-occurrence of mental health morbidity, criminal justice system contact, and fatal self-harm among medically confirmed victims of child sexual abuse, and to identify abuse variables associated with a greater likelihood of cumulative adverse experiences. Methods: The forensic medical records of 2759 cases of child sexual abuse assessed between 1964 and 1995 were linked with public psychiatric, criminal justice and coronial administrative databases between 13 and 44 years following abuse. Cases were compared to 2677 matched comparisons from the general population. Results: Abuse victims were more likely (odds ratio = 7.2, 95% confidence interval = [4.9, 10.4], p < 0.001) to experience cumulative adverse psychiatric and behavioral problems relative to comparisons. Almost half (47.6%) of victims who died of suicide or drug overdose had a history of offending, further victimization and mental illness. Relative to comparisons, female victims demonstrated the largest increase in odds for cumulative outcomes (odds ratio = 9.8, 95% confidence interval = [5.8, 16.8], p < 0.001), whereas in absolute terms, male victims were at an elevated risk for all types and combinations of adverse outcomes, except fatal self-harm. Boys who were older at abuse, had multiple abuse episodes or who were abused by an extra-familial perpetrator were most likely to experience poorer clinical trajectories. Only being older at abuse was associated with cumulative adverse experiences for females. Conclusions: Sexual abuse, particularly during adolescence (ages 12–16 years), appears to be a risk factor for co-occurring adverse experiences. This study identifies particular groups of child sexual abuse victims as at-risk and requiring targeted intervention.

scholarly journals Can a Difference in Gestational Age According to Biparietal Diameter and Abdominal Circumference Predict Intrapartum Placental Abruption?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2413
Author(s):  
Jee-Youn Hong ◽  
Jin-Ha Kim ◽  
Seo-yeon Kim ◽  
Ji-Hee Sung ◽  
Suk-Joo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

This study aimed to investigate whether a difference in gestational age according to biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal circumference (AC) could be a clinically useful predictor of placental abruption during the intrapartum period. This retrospective cohort study was based on singletons who were delivered after 32 + 0 weeks between July 2015 and July 2020. We only included cases with at least two antepartum sonographies available within 4 weeks of delivery (n = 2790). We divided the study population into two groups according to the presence or absence of placental abruption and compared the clinical variables. The incidence of placental abruption was 2.0% (56/2790) and was associated with an older maternal age, a higher rate of preeclampsia, and being small for the gestational age. A difference of >2 weeks in gestational age according to BPD and AC occurred at a higher rate in the placental abruption group compared to the no abruption group (>2 weeks, 21.4% (12/56) vs. 7.5% (205/2734), p < 0.001; >3 weeks, 12.5% (7/56) vs. 2.0% (56/2734), p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the differences of >2 weeks and >3 weeks were both independent risk factors for placental abruption (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval), 2.289 (1.140–4.600) and 3.918 (1.517–9.771), respectively) after adjusting for maternal age, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age births. We identified that a difference in gestational age of >2 weeks between BPD and AC could be an independent predictor of placental abruption.

scholarly journals Purification, Punishment, and Control: Eating Disorders, Self-Harm, and Child Sexual Abuse

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110174
Author(s):  
Lisa Hodge ◽  
Amy Baker
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Eating disorders continue to be viewed as curable diseases, forcing people into predetermined narratives of pathology that shape how they are viewed and treated. Situated in a feminist application of Bakhtin’s sociological linguistics, we were concerned with how participants understood eating disorders, the nature of their experiences, and the causes of their distress. Following a dialogical method, multiple in-depth interviews were conducted with seven women who experienced an eating disorder and who had been sexually abused previously, and participants’ own drawings and poetry were obtained to gain deeper insights into meanings and emotions. We found an eating disorder offered a perception of cleanliness and renewal that was attractive to participants who experienced overwhelming shame. It is critical that researchers use a range of visual and sensory methods to move eating disorder understandings and treatment beyond illness and pathology.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis/fractures: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Jin Hong ◽  
Byoung-Eun Yang ◽  
Dae-Myoung Yoo ◽  
Sung-Jae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Geun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease resulting in patients exhibiting high levels of inflammatory factors causing systemic inflammatory bone destruction that may lead to osteoporosis development. The association between periodontitis and osteoporosis has been documented; however, the findings remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis using a cross-sectional study design and Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) health examinee data. Methods This cross-sectional study used epidemiological data from the KoGES during 2004–2016. Of 125,324 participants (age, 40–79 years), 9969 with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (without periodontitis) were selected. We analyzed the history of osteoporosis and fractures of all participants. All participants were examined according to age, sex, income group, obesity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and food intake. To analyze the odds ratio (OR) of periodontitis for those with osteoporosis and fractures, a logistic regression model was used. Results The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of periodontitis for osteoporosis was 2.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–2.31; P < 0.001). The aOR of periodontitis for any fracture was 1.54 (95% CI 1.46–1.62; P < 0.001). Conclusion Osteoporosis and fractures are associated with periodontitis. Performing regular oral hygiene and examinations of bone mineral density are recommended to prevent aggravation of osteoporosis and periodontitis.

Psychological symptom levels in Indian immigrants to England–a comparison with native English

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Cochrane ◽  
Mary Stopes-Roe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Indian Immigrants ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Indian Immigrant ◽  
Group Experience ◽  
Item Scale

SynopsisA national community survey of psychological symptom levels among samples of Indian immigrants and natives is reported. Using a quasi-random sampling procedure, a sample of 200 Indian-born residents of large towns in England was selected to match the age and sex structure of the total Indian immigrant population. An indigenous population, selected in the same way, was matched with the immigrants for comparison purposes. Psychological disturbance was measured with the Langner 22-Item Scale which has previously been specifically validated for use in this context. Other indices were constructed to test specific hypotheses.The pattern revealed by mental hospital admission statistics was strongly supported by survey. Indian immigrants as a group experience far less psychological disorder than natives, despite the experiences of migration and of being an immigrant. On other measures Indians also manifested an adjustment superior to that of natives.Among the Indian sample stable psychological adjustment was related to being young at migration, being acculturated to life in England and being socially integrated. A subgroup of higher social status, Indian females who had been upwardly socially mobile, emerged as the only group with a higher than average symptom level. However, even this group was at least as well adjusted as its English counterpart.

scholarly journals Discriminating levels of alcohol use associated with self-harm in individuals presenting to a district general hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Holdsworth ◽  
Hugh Griffiths ◽  
David Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Alcohol Screening ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Psychosocial Assessment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Aims and methodAlthough alcohol is reported as commonly associated with self-harm, there is nothing in the literature that bases the association on validated screening tools. We sought to discern the different types of alcohol use as discriminated by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Completed AUDITs from a 2-year period were analysed, all relating to people who had presented to a district general hospital in Northumberland following self-harm.ResultsThe proportion of dependent, harmful and hazardous drinkers identified using AUDIT was many times higher than previously estimated in similar studies that had not used a validated alcohol screening tool.Clinical implicationsThe routine use of an alcohol screening tool should be part of any standard psychosocial assessment of self-harm, to guide appropriate interventions for problematic alcohol use that might otherwise be overlooked.

scholarly journals Prevalence, risk factors, and impact of lung cancer on outcomes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a study from the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Mohamed ◽  
Hassan Bayoumi ◽  
Nashwa Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Ehab Mousa ◽  
Yasser Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
The Impact

Background: No studies have addressed the impact of lung cancer (LC) on prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in Upper Egypt. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for LC among IPF patients and its impact on their outcomes and survival in Upper Egypt. Methods: A total of 246 patients with IPF who had complete clinical and follow up data were reviewed. They were categorized into 2 groups: 34 patients with biopsy-proven LC and IPF (LC-IPF) and 212 patients with IPF only (IPF). Survival and clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: Prevalence of LC was 13.8%. Pack/years was the most significant predictor for LC development in IPF (Odds ratio; 3.225, CI 1.257–1.669, p = 0.001). Survival in patients with LC-IPF was significantly worse than in patients with IPF without LC; median survival, 35 months vs 55 months; p = 0.000. LC accompanying IPF was one of the most significant independent predictors of survival in IPF patients (Hazard ratio 5.431, CI 2.186–13.492, p = 0.000). Mortality in LC-IPF patients was mainly due to LC progression in 36% and LC therapy-related complications in 22%. Conclusions: Prevalence of LC in IPF patients was 13.8%. Lung cancer has significant impacts on patients with IPF in Upper Egypt, in terms of clinical outcomes and survival. Smoking is the most significant independent predictor of LC development in IPF patients. A poorer survival was observed for patients with IPF developing LC, mainly due to LC progression, and to complications of its therapies. Further prospective, multicenter and larger studies are warranted.

scholarly journals The effect of sexual abuse and dissociation on suicide attempt

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Støle Brokke ◽  
Thomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen ◽  
Nils Inge Landrø ◽  
Vegard Øksendal Haaland
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Suicide attempt is the most predictive risk factor of suicide. Trauma – especially sexual abuse – is a risk factor for suicide attempt and suicide. A common reaction to sexual abuse is dissociation. Higher levels of dissociation are linked to self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt, but the role of dissociation in suicidal behavior is unclear. Methods In this naturalistic study, ninety-seven acute psychiatric patients with suicidal ideation, of whom 32 had experienced sexual abuse, were included. Suicidal behaviour was assessed with The Columbia suicide history form (CSHF). The Brief trauma questionnaire (BTQ) was used to identify sexual abuse. Dissociative symptoms were assessed with Dissociative experiences scale (DES). Results Patients who had experienced sexual abuse reported higher levels of dissociation and were younger at onset of suicidal thoughts, more likely to self-harm, and more likely to have attempted suicide; and they had made more suicide attempts. Mediation analysis found dissociative experiences to significantly mediate a substantive proportion of the relationship between sexual abuse and number of suicide attempts (indirect effects = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.28, proportion mediated = 68%). Dissociative experiences significantly mediated the role of sexual abuse as a predictor of being in the patient group with more than four suicide attempts (indirect effects = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.19, proportion mediated = 34%). Conclusion The results illustrate the importance of assessment and treatment of sexual abuse and trauma-related symptoms such as dissociation in suicide prevention. Dissociation can be a contributing factor to why some people act on their suicidal thoughts.

Siblings and Birth Order—Are They Important for the Occurrence of ADHD?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Reimelt ◽  
Nicole Wolff ◽  
Heike Hölling ◽  
Sabine Mogwitz ◽  
Stefan Ehrlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Order Number ◽  
Diagnostic Bias ◽  
German Health ◽  
Kiggs Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: The associations of birth order, number of siblings, and ADHD was examined. Method: The analysis based on representative, epidemiological data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study ( N = 13,488). Results: An increased risk for ADHD in firstborn versus youngest born children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09, 1.58]) and also versus children with no sibling (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.03, 1.68]) was revealed, while number of siblings was not associated with ADHD. Results remained stable after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: Firstborn children may receive simultaneously less parental resources and more responsibilities if younger siblings are born. This happens during the vulnerable developmental period of ADHD. In addition, due to higher levels of insecurity, parents are assumed to focus more on potential physical or psychological abnormities in their firstborn children. This may result in a diagnostic bias in firstborn children.

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