scholarly journals The attitudes of homeless women in London towards contraception

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Shah ◽  
Tamar Koch ◽  
Surinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Past Experiences

Abstract Aim: To gain a clearer understanding of the attitudes of homeless women towards contraception in central London. Background: Homeless women are more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies. This makes it imperative to address the health needs of this population. Evidence regarding the obstacles homeless women face when using contraception and accessing sexual/reproductive care is sparse, and almost non-existent in the United Kingdom (UK). American research has identified past experiences of women suffering side effects and their fear of serious health risks as deterrents of sustained contraceptive use among this population. Method: This study used convenience sampling and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. During the interview, a topic guide was used to ensure data relevant to the study aim were being collected. In total, 14 English-speaking women, previously street homeless and/or living in temporary accommodation from two homeless shelters located in central London, were interviewed. Findings: In summary, the results suggest this group of study respondents find ongoing access to advice on contraception services difficult largely because of their homelessness. This pre-eminent factor alongside their vulnerability inevitably means that other issues take precedence on a daily basis. Furthermore, issues such as individual choice of contraception and the perceptions of this group of women to health professionals ultimately determine whether women receive the services they need. Bearing in mind the paucity of studies in this area of homelessness, the results point to the need for more research and to the allied question ‘how is it best to provide contraceptive services to those women who find themselves homeless?’

scholarly journals A gendered study of young adult contraceptive use at one university in KwaZulu-N atal

Curationis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
OA Oyedeji ◽  
R Cassimjee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study explores contraceptive use among young adult male and female students (aged 18-25) who visit the campus clinic at a university in KwaZulu-Natal. Both a descriptive survey and face to face interviews were used for data collection. In this study, it is affirmed that gender stratification, societal attitudes, and misconceptions about contraceptive use play an important role in the attitudes of young adults, male and female towards contraception and its use. Evidence of this is the high use of condoms amongst both male and female students’ compared with other available methods. Among female students this was highly attributed to personal convenience and comfort with condom use as an unmarried young woman. It was clear from the data collected that respondents themselves attached some stigma to being associated with the use of contraceptive pills or having to visit the clinic regularly for injections as young unmarried women. Male respondents affirmed the use of the condom, although this was hardly with the view of taking reproductive/contraceptive responsibility, but rather, it was attributed to the function of the condom as a safe sex method that offered protection against sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Also evident from the study was the fact that male respondents felt more comfortable with their sexual functioning than the female respondents. This was easily attributed to the role of societal gender stratification in an individual’s life.

scholarly journals Contraceptive use in Italian young adults in 2013 and 2017/18

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Martellucci ◽  
T Bori ◽  
C Acuti Martellucci
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Investigations regarding knowledge and utilization of contraception for the prevention of unwanted pregnancies as well as of sexually transmitted diseases are carried out regularly in low- and middle-income countries. The same might not happen in high-income countries, were these topics could be regarded with less priority. We aimed to asses trends in contraception use among young adults in Italy. Methods From the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) Survey on Health Status and Use of Health Care, we collected aggregated data on contraception use among Italians aged 18 to 24 years old, by sex, for the year 2013. From the National Fertility Study of the Italian Higher Institute of Health (ISS) we collected aggregated data on contraception use among a nationally representative sample of Italian university students with a mean age of 22 years old, for both sexes, for years 2017 and 2018. We compared the estimates of prevalence of use of different contraceptives across the two surveys, utilizing, for the 2013 survey, the mean of the results for the two sexes. Results The use of at least one type of contraceptive grew from 89.3% in 2013 to 95.0% in 2017-2018, while the use of condoms increased from 69.7% in 2013 to 71.2% in 2017-2018. The use of coitus interruptus increased as well from 15.9% in 2013 to 24.0% in 2017-2018. The use of modern contraceptive methods was not comparable across the two surveys. Conclusions The two surveys from 2013 and 2017-2018 were not comparable for all the estimates of contraception use. While the prevalence of use of at least one type of contraceptive and of condoms increased from 2013 to 2017-2018, the contemporary increase of use of coitus interruptus raises some concerns. There is a need for reproducible surveys conducted at shorter intervals, and also for investigating trends in access and utilization of medical counselling about contraception, especially among young adults. Key messages Use of any kind of contraceptive and of condoms has slightly increased in Italy from 2013 to 2017-2018, but in the same period the use of coitus interruptus increased by around 8%. Surveillance systems for contraception use in Italy should be strengthened through regular surveys with reproducible methods, including assessments of medical counselling about contraception.

İngiltere’den Türkiye’ye ‘Düzensiz’ Göçmen Dövizi Gönderme Davranışının Nedenleri Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Fethiye Tilbe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migrant Groups

Bu makale, göçmen dövizi  akımlarında “düzensizlik” olarak ifade ettiğimiz, Türkiye’ye resmi kanallar dışında gönderilen enformel  göçmen dövizlerini, Birleşik Krallık’ta (özellikle Londra’da) yaşayan Türkiye kökenli göçmenler açısından incelemektedir. Her göçmen grubu, gerek ev sahibi ülkedeki düzenleyici çerçeve ve sosyo-ekonomik koşullar, gerek göçmen topluluğunun sosyo-kültürel değerleri tarafından belirlenen biçimde, farklı göçmen dövizi transfer biçimlerine eğilim sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla farklı ülkelerdeki aynı kökenden göçmen toplulukları, ev sahibi ülkedeki dinamikler nedeniyle göçmen dövizlerinin formel ya da enformel (düzenli ya da düzensiz) gönderiminde farklılaşabilirken, aynı ülkedeki farklı ülke kökenli göçmen grupları da pek çok örüntünün etkisiyle farklı eğilim gösterebilmektedir. Nitel araştırma tasarımı kapsamında 27 göçmen ve 7 anahtar statüdeki katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze görüşmelere dayalı olan bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’tan Türkiye’ye göçmen dövizi gönderimindeki düzensizlik olgusunu, her iki ülkenin sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel dinamikleriyle ilişkilendirerek incelemeyi ve nedenlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaç edinmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, göçmenlik statüsü, gönderilen para miktar ve sıklığı ile geleneksel ilişki ağlarına olan güvenin yanında, Birleşik Krallık’taki sosyal yardım ve çalışma biçimine ilişkinin düzenleyici çerçevenin ve göçmenlerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının Türkiye’ye enformel göçmen dövizi gönderiminde temel belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHA Qualitative Examination of Determinants of Remittances Sending Behaviour Among Immigrants from Turkey in the UKThis article examines the causes of irregularity in remittances flows from the United Kingdom (UK) to Turkey, from the perspective of migrants from Turkey living in the UK. Each group of migrants prefers different types of remittance sending methods, as determined by the regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions in the host country and the socio-cultural values of the migrant community. Therefore, migrant communities of the same origin in different countries may differ in using formal or informal sending methods of remittances due to the dynamics in the host country. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of irregularities in sending remittances by associating with the social, economic and cultural dynamics of both countries. For this purpose, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 immigrants and 7 key status participants by using qualitative research method. The obtained results reveal that the regulatory framework relating to social assistance and labour market in the UK, immigration status, the frequency and the amount of money sent and confidence in traditional relationship networks is the main determinants of informal money transfers to Turkey.

VIRGINITY TESTING PRACTICES: THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Mokoboto-Zwane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Virginity Testing

Controversy continues to surround the age-old practice of virginity testing, which in South Africa made a visible comeback around the time of the country’s first democratic elections when most South Africans began to feel free to practise their cultural beliefs without fear. It coincided with the period when the HIV pandemic began to take hold. It is practised mainly in some countries of Asia and Africa, and in South Africa it is practised mainly amongst amaZulu. It is believed that this practice prevents unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially HIV/AIDS, as well as engendering a sense of pride in teenage and young females, in particular. However, some individuals, organisations and sectors of the community frown upon the practice because it violates constitutional laws that protect the right to equality, privacy, bodily integrity and sexual autonomy. The purpose of this article is to present current discourse on the cultural practice of virginity testing and the controversies surrounding this discourse. This article draws its arguments from the existing literature on virginity testing.

scholarly journals Does online sexually transmitted infection screening compromise care? A service evaluation comparing the management of chlamydial infection diagnosed online and in clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
Nur Gasmelsid ◽  
Benjamin CB Moran ◽  
Tom Nadarzynski ◽  
Rajul Patel ◽  
Elizabeth Foley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The United Kingdom

Patient demand on sexual health services in the United Kingdom is so high that many services have introduced online screening to accommodate more patients. There are concerns that these services may not be accessible to all. This service evaluation was undertaken to determine whether online screening is accessible by those patients most at need by comparing the demographics and number of asymptomatic chlamydial infections detected online and in clinic. No difference was found in the age nor level of deprivation, demonstrating that online services are an accessible way to screen for sexually transmitted infections without overburdening established services.

A Comparison of Coping Strategies Among Homeless Women With Dependent Children and Homeless Women Without Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942097811
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Talley ◽  
Patti Hammonds-Greene
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Dependent Children

The purpose of this study was to compare the coping strategies between homeless women with dependent children and homeless women without dependent children. Of the 192 homeless women in this study, 64 were mothers whose dependent children lived with them, and 132 were women who did not have dependent children living with them. The women were recruited from homeless shelters in Georgia, in the Metro Atlanta area and surrounding counties. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the differences between both groups using their scores on the Coping Strategies Inventory scales survey instrument (problem-solving skills, problem reframing, and ability to access social networks). Univariate analysis was used to look at each dependent variable. There was no statistical difference in coping strategies between both groups. The conclusions from this study suggest continued research regarding the benefit of coping strategies among homeless populations.

scholarly journals The Hybridisation of Conventional Higher Education: UK Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Open Learning ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Radical Approach

Before the creation of the United Kingdom Open University (UKOU) - its Charter was given in 1969 and the first students were admitted in 1971 - the full-time residential model of higher education was pervasive, with part-time and distance modes of study seen as separate and inferior. The UKOU demonstrated the effectiveness of distance learning but also, because of its success, in some ways inhibited change in the mainstream tertiary sector. As social and political pressures on the sector grew, higher education providers were forced to innovate and models of “open learning” offered ways forward. As a result, the distinction between “distance” and “face-to-face” delivery rapidly eroded during the 1990s. However, barriers still remain to a more radical approach to provision as a whole.

scholarly journals Male Contraceptives: Present and Future Approaches

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

There is general agreement that men, like women, must take full control of their fertility, an important global health issue. However, the contraceptives for preventing pregnancy that primarily involve male physiology have not changed in the last century. These options are still limited to the non-surgical methods of the use of a condom, abstinence, and a timely withdrawal (coitus interrupts) or the surgical approach of vas occlusion (vasectomy) that prevents sperm from being released during ejaculation. When not defective and used correctly, condoms are effective in preventing unwanted pregnancies as well as providing protection against sexually transmitted diseases. However, condoms, abstinence and timely withdrawal approaches have relatively higher typical-use failure rates whereas vasectomy is largely irreversible and not suitable for younger men. Thus, providing a safe, effective, reversible and affordable contraceptive for men has remained an elusive goal. In this article, we intend to discuss many details of currently available contraceptives for men, the current status of the research and development of non-surgical male contraceptives and also to describe experimental details of three intra-vas approaches that are undergoing advanced clinical trials and may soon be available for men to regulate their fertility. Finally, we will introduce the “sperm switch” approach. This is the latest invention that will allow men to decide if and when to ejaculate spermatozoa during coitus. The availability of several safe, effective, reversible and affordable contraceptives will allow men to take full control of their fertility.

scholarly journals New morbidity of the young

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 53-76
Author(s):  
Biljana Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Preventive Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

In the present phase of epidemiological transition, the most frequent causes of youth morbidity are disorders in reproductive health, mental disorders and injuries which are not life threatening. This, so-called new youth morbidity, is most often caused by their risky behavior, which in the field of sexuality often leads to unplanned pregnancies and abortions, as well as sexually transmitted infections. Misuse of tobacco, alcohol and narcotics, which is most commonly started in adolescence, has an unfavorable short-term and long-term influence on the psycho-physical health of the young. All research, in the world and in our country, indicate gradual yet constant growth of sexual activity of the youth and the age decrease of its starting point, especially when girls are in question. Due to insufficient maturity and inadequate knowledge and consciousness on the necessity of protecting reproductive health, sexual behavior of young people can often be characterized as insufficiently responsible and not supplemented with the usage of adequate protective measures. The result is frequently abortion, which terminates 90% of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies in this age. This creates health and psychosocial risks, as well as giving birth in adolescence which is contrary to the modern health concepts that giving birth should not be performed too early, while the young are still developing. A significant increase in the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases is also present, to which the youth are especially susceptible due to the specific development period in which they are in. A serious medical and sociopathological problem of contemporary society represents the greater and greater misuse of psychoactive substances among the young people, with a tendency of decreasing the average age they are consumed for the first time, as well as the use of drugs and alcohol. With the increase of the anti-smoking campaign and restrictive measures in highly developed countries smoking among young people is decreasing, while it is increasing in Eastern Europe and developing countries. As the health disorders of young people mentioned above, are conditioned, above all, by their risky behavior and insufficient relation towards health, the degree to which they are widespread can be influenced by prevention. Educational and health institutes represent the carriers of preventive activity, which understands health education and aid to young people in overcoming life's skills, along with the necessity to direct support to the family as well, which maintains a significant place in the life of young people and has a important influence on their behavior to risk exposure. A significant influence is also legal and provision regulations, the role of mass media, as well as the activities of political, nongovernmental, religious and other organizations which determine the environment in which young people live.

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