scholarly journals THE POLICING OF A SOUTH CHINESE COUNTY, 1929–1949

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Venus Viana
Keyword(s):  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Police Force ◽  
County Government ◽  
County Level ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Pearl River

In 1927, when the Nationalist Party under Chiang Kai-shek established a republic, they also established a list of urgent duties. One was to reform the government structure from top to bottom so as to show the rest of the world its capability to govern the country in a modern way. While big cities were the showplaces for modernization and state-building, down at the county level, Chiang Kai-shek proclaimed Zhongshan in Guangdong the “model county.” To maintain this honor and its benefits, the local authorities made special efforts to restructure the government; reforming and retraining the police force was one important aspect of this attempt. While it is commonly held today that in the 1930s and 1940s county governments in the Pearl River Delta had disintegrated and were dominated by “local bosses,” this article uses previously inaccessible local records to examine Zhongshan County government and reform to answer one particular question: whether Zhongshan was successful in forming a modern police force. It examines a number of problems related to inefficiency and ineffectiveness in government administration, but at the same time also discusses why many civilians were welcoming, rather than suspicious, of the police. The answers to these issues suggest that the overall structure and management of the Zhongshan government (and even social integration) was to some extent consolidated in this period.

From production to reproduction: Pension strikes and changing characteristics of workers’ collective action in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110520
Author(s):  
Elaine Sio-ieng Hui ◽  
Chris King-chi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Global South ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
New Framework

Workers in the global South are becoming increasingly sensitive to their pension rights. In recent years, rural migrant workers in China have staged a series of protests to fight for pension protection. Drawing from two in-depth case studies conducted in the Pearl River Delta, we explain why workers staged pension strikes, what these protests looked like, how the employers and the government responded, and how these protests differed from previous strikes. Building upon insights from the sociology of collective action and labour process theory, we formulate a new framework for examining labour protests. In addition to seeing workers’ collective action as defensive or offensive, this framework helps us interpret these actions in relation to the spheres of production and reproduction. It classifies pension strikes in China as defensive actions located in the sphere of reproduction, which are distinct from previous strikes that were either defensive or offensive actions situated in the sphere of production. This synthesised framework assists us in theorising that workers’ protest activities, especially in the global South, are not restricted to the traditional production sphere but can also be found in the reproduction sphere.

Connecting Theory With Practice: The Institutional Evolvement of U.S. Counties Functioning as Regional Service Providers

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 808-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayce L. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
County Government ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Regional Service

This study extends the literature on county government structure by examining the three basic forms of county governments and their long-term effects on regional service spending. An examination of 1,532 U.S. counties between 1977 and 2012 reveals that those with the commission government form produce on average less regional service spending than those with reformed government structures. Examining the two major distinctions in reformed government types reveals that elected executive governments spend on average more than those with the commission-administrator form. However, the amount of increase for elected executive spending was very minor. The findings also reveal that the ability to establish home rule charters alters the effects of government structure for commission and commission-administrator counties. Meanwhile, charter-enabling laws matter little regarding the effects for elected executive counties. The analytical results lead to four major points for consideration regarding the link between county service provision and county institutional arrangements.

Diasporic Memories and Conceptual Geography in Post-colonial Hong Kong

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1566-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELINA Y. CHIN
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Pearl River

AbstractThis paper explores how the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has been trying to incorporate post-1997 Hong Kong into the framework of a Greater China. The construction of two ‘narratives’ are examined: the grand narrative of Chinese history in secondary school textbooks in Hong Kong; and the development of a new regional framework of the Pearl River Delta. The first narrative, which focuses on the past, signals the PRC government's desire to inculcate through education a deeper sense of collective identity as patriotic citizens of China amongst residents of Hong Kong. The second narrative, which represents a futuristic imagining of a regional landscape, rewrites the trajectory of Hong Kong by merging the city with the Pearl River Delta region. However, these narrative strategies have triggered ambivalent responses from people in Hong Kong, especially the generations born after 1980. In their discursive battles against merging with the mainland, activists have sought to instil a collective memory that encourages a counter-imagination of a particular kind of Hong Kong that draws from the pre-1997 past. This conflict pits activists and their supporters against officials in the local government working to move Hong Kong towards integration with greater Guangdong and China at large. But the local resistance discourses are inadequate because they are constrained by their own parochial visions and colonial nostalgia.

Determinants of Project Sustainability in Kiambu County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Catherine Wangari ◽  
David Minja
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
County Government ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Project Monitoring ◽  
Project Sustainability ◽  
The Government

The devolved system of governance in Kenya has enabled County Governments to initiate various developmental-oriented projects in the counties. Most of the funds provided by the County Government are short-term and therefore do not consider funding of the project that will guarantee sustainability after funding has been withdrawn. As a result, most of these projects become abandoned or end up being a white elephant, yet a lot of money has already been spent. This study aimed to establish the determinants of sustainability of CFPs in Gatundu North Sub County in Kiambu County. The study was based on three theories, namely: stakeholders’ theory, theory of sustainability, and competence theory, all of which provided the framework of the study. The study targeted the following group of people: PMC members, project beneficiaries, the sub-county departmental heads, and chief officers’ in charge of the devolved functions. The study, therefore, targeted a total population of 100 respondents who included 30 PMC members, 50 project beneficiaries, ten head of departments and ten chief officers who in this case were engaged in the implementation of CFPs and they were, therefore, believed to possess relevant knowledge on the sustainability of the projects. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The instruments for data collection were semi-structured questionnaires and an interview guide. The semi-structured questionnaires were self-administered to the PMC members, project beneficiaries, and the sub-county departmental heads while the interview guides were scheduled for the chief officers. Questionnaires were tested to ascertain their reliability using Cronbach’s alpha with a limit of 0.6. The validity of the questionnaire was tested by use of content validity. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: mean, frequencies, percentages, and standard deviation. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics, which included Pearson’s Correlation analysis. Ethical considerations included the researcher seeking consent from the County Secretary and the administrative authority in Gatundu North, briefing the respondents on the purpose of the study and that information acquired would be treated with confidentiality and would remain anonymous. The study findings show that the four independent variables serve as determinants to the sustainability of county-funded projects in Gatundu North Sub-County. Project monitoring is the key determinant of county-funded projects. The government of Kiambu County, through the relevant stakeholders, should ensure that all the county-funded projects are properly monitored to ensure that they are sustainable and beneficial to the locals. Lastly, the County Government of Kiambu should focus much on hiring competent and experienced professionals to implement the projects.

scholarly journals On the Settlement of the Floating Population in the Pearl River Delta: Understanding the Factors of Permanent Settlement Intention versus Housing Purchase Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqu Wang ◽  
Zehong Wang ◽  
Chunshan Zhou ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Song Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Settlement Intentions ◽  
The Impact

Previous investigations of the settlement intentions of China’s floating population have been undermined by an oversimplification of the concepts and measurements related to settlement intentions. More attention should be paid to influencing factors from the theoretical framework of “place utility” in new periods. Based on this framework, we use a multinormal logistic regression model to explore the impact of economic, human capital, and social factors on migration intentions and housing purchase actions of the floating population in the Pearl River Delta. The results revealed that the floating population’s purchasing ability is generally lower than its willingness to settle down, and this population experiences an incomplete citizenization problem. Among the economic and human capital factors, family economic factors have become an important basis for the housing purchase actions of the floating population and may even be more important than their own economic income and education level. After the State Council implemented the “Notice of Further Promoting the Reform of the Hukou System”, the decision of whether to pass restrictions of urban hukou (household registration) acquisition threshold has played an important role in the settlement decisions of the floating population. The government should formulate settlement policies according to the characteristics of the floating population.

scholarly journals BUGIS DI KERAJAAN MELAYU: EKSISTENSI ORANG BUGIS DALAM PEMERINTAHAN KERAJAAN JOHOR-RIAU-LINGGA-PAHANG

PERADA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
SYAHRUL RAHMAT
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crown Prince

Kondisi geografis Semenanjung Melayu sebagai lalu lintas perdagangan kawasan Asia bagian Tenggara membuat daerah ini menjadi tujuan pelayaran dari berbagai etnis di Nusantara maupun dari belahan dunia lain, termasuk Orang Bugis yang berasal dari daratan Sulawesi bagian selatan. Dalam perkembangannya, selain untuk mencari penghidupan, lambat laun mereka mulai masuk ke dalam struktur pemerintahan Kerajaan Johor-Riau-Lingga-pahang. Kehadiran orang Bugis dalam struktur pemerintahan tersebut mengalami dinamika tersendiri terhadap kerajaan yang kelak berubah nama menjadi Kerajaan Riau Lingga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah dengan fokus pada dinamika politik dan eksistensi orang Bugis dalam Kerajaan Melayu pada rentang abad ke-17 hingga 18. Selain merubah struktuur pemerintahan, posisi sebagai Yang Dipertuan Muda yang dijabat keturunan juga membawa perubahan terhadap perkembangan kerajaan tersebut. Sekalipun demikian, Yang Dipertuan Muda juga harus menghadapi konflik internal dalam kerajaan akibat dominasi mereka dalam usrusan pemerintahan. The geographical conditions of the Malay Peninsula as the trade traffic in the Southeast Asian region make this area a destination for shipping from various ethnic groups in the archipelago as well as from other parts of the world, including the Bugis people from the southern Sulawesi mainland. In its development, in addition to make a living, they gradually begin to join the government structure of the Johor-Riau-Lingga-Pahang Kingdom.  Bugis existence in the government structure experiences its own dynamics towards the kingdom which later changes its name to the Kingdom of Riau Lingga. This research is a historical study with a focus on the political dynamics and the existence of Bugis in the Malay Kingdom in the 17th to 18th century. Besides changing the structure of government, the position as the Crown Prince, which was held by descendants also gives changes to the development of the kingdom. Even so, the Crown Prince must face internal conflicts in the kingdom due to their dominance in the government administration.

Factors that Influence County Government Expenditures and Revenues: A Study of Florida County Governments

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Woong Cho ◽  
Ralph Brower ◽  
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
County Government ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Political Market ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Democratic Ideology ◽  
Florida County

Following the political market framework, this panel analysis examines the effects of democratic institutions on government size in Florida’s 67 counties from 1998 to 2007. Regarding group demand, the study suggests that unemployment rate reduces county government expenditures and revenues. Regarding elites’ preferences, Democratic elites’ preferences reduce expenditures and revenues. With regard to mass support, citizen income has a positive influence on expenditures and revenues. On the other hand, Democratic ideology reduces both expenditures and revenues. Finally, we found that county government structure influences expenditures and revenues significantly, but home rule does not.

Human Resource Management in American Counties, 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Coleman Selden
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
County Government ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Management Roles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Performance Project

Human resource management (HRM) in public organizations is changing as there are numerous policy, procedural and structural reforms underway. Human resource management studies have focused primarily at the state and federal levels, with relatively fewer comprehensive views of county governments. This article looks at human resource management roles, structures and practices from the perspective of county government using data from the Government Performance Project. The article describes approaches to reforms, the role and structures of the central HRM department, and the range of HRM practices related to selection, training, classification and compensation. The study finds that while different innovations and reforms have been adopted, county governments continue to function somewhat traditionally, leaving many opportunities for additional reforms to improve county governance.

scholarly journals Institutional Challenges In Managing County Government Resources In Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
WILLIAM SAGINI ORIBU
Keyword(s):  
County Government ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Institutional Challenges

In 2010 the Government of Kenya promulgated a new Constitution, articulating a devolved-system of Government entailing a National Government and County Governments. As a key pillar to the constitution of Kenya, devolution seeks to bring governance closer to the people. Kenyans are therefore looking at the county governments to derive the required change in the country. However, fundamental challenges have continued to dog the Counties including irregular or delayed disbursement of devolved funds from the national Exchequer; low revenue collection levels from local sources; weak and uncoordinated planning and execution among others. This has led to several stalled projects; indebtedness to suppliers; inadequate capacity at the county level to effectively and efficiently perform the devolved functions; inadequate financial resources among others. Although there are opportunities for Foreign Direct Investment and capital inflow; Public-Private Partnerships; Grants; Exchange programs; and wider markets for the local products, that the Counties need to explore and pursue, most of them are not in a position to sustain themselves. The purpose of this paper is to review the Institutional and Legal frameworks as provided by the Constitution of Kenya using the business sustainability model of the seven Ps (i.e. Preparation, People, Processes, Preservation, Place, Product and Production). It is hoped that the paper will form a conceptual framework to inform future county Government’s strategic decisions in order to utilize grants from development partners for the improvement of their citizens welfare. Further the paper will inform policy makers and development partners on fundamental areas that may need to be looked at in order to ensure effective utilization of available resources.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CHALLENGES FACING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN: A CASE STUDY OF NAROK COUNTY GOVERNMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jane Tipitip Psiwa ◽  
Duncan Irungu ◽  
Samuel Muriithi
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
National Government ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
County Government ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
The Government ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess challenges facing the implementation of the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) in Narok County Government.Methodology: The study utilized a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of 10 County Executive Committee Members, 22 County Chief Officers who report to CECs and 62 directorates of the respective functional sections or units of the government in Narok County. The study utilized a census technique of data collection meaning the target population was studied.Results: The major findings of the study were that NCG employees were involved in the formulation of the CIDP, the CIDP had been implemented to a moderate extent, NCG had met less than 50% of the performance targets as well as less than 50% CIDP development projects or interventions, the CIDP of NCG is comprehensive as per the requirements of the constitution of Kenya 2010, NCG indeed experienced financial-related challenges, human resource-related challenges and leadership-related challenges in the process of implementing the CIDP. The findings also revealed that national government policies and legislation and organization culture influenced the implementation of the CIDP.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: the study recommends that the national government of Kenya should disburse funds to the county governments regularly and on time, NCG should review their style of leadership to a transformational and consultative style, and that the national government should review the national legislations and policies that govern the operations of county governments.

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