scholarly journals Jorge Sahade: First Latin American IAU President

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Lydia S. Cidale
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Committee Member ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Uv Astronomy ◽  
La Plata ◽  
National University ◽  
The Creation

AbstractProf. Jorge Sahade (1915–2012) was the first Latin American President of the International Astronomical Union (1985–1988). From then on, he had a very active participation as president, vice-president, and organizing committee member of several Commissions and Divisions of the IAU, related to stellar astrophysics and exchange of astronomers. Prof. J. Sahade was born in Argentina and was one of the first students graduated in astronomy at the National University of La Plata. He served as director of the Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba (1953–1955) and of the Observatory of La Plata (1968–1969). He was the first Dean of the Faculty of Exact Sciences of the National University of La Plata. He promoted the purchase of a 2.15-m diameter telescope, today located in the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina. He founded the Institute of Astronomy and Physics of Space (IAFE) in Buenos Aires and was its first director (1971–1974). He was also director of the “Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales” (the Argentina Space Activity Agency) and promoted the inclusion of Argentina as a partnership of the Gemini Observatory. Prof. Sahade also focused on the development of the astronomy in Latin America and this led to the creation of the “Liga Latinoamericana de Astronomía” (nowadays LIADA).His research field was interacting binary systems and he published about 150 papers, among them is the well-known discovery of the “Struve-Sahade effect”. I met him when he was 70 years old; he was a very enthusiastic astronomer, who travellled everywhere to promote the astronomy in Latin America (Argentina, Perú, Honduras). Among his last dreams was the creation of a Latin American Institute to develop and enhance astrophysics in South and Central America, the revival of UV astronomy and many more impressive works that he would have liked to end and publish.

scholarly journals The Latin-American Union and the LAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Luis F. Copertari
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Good Option ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
American Union ◽  
The Way

Objective. To support the creation of a Latin-American Union with the creation of the Latin-American peso (LAT) as the common currency. Methodology. Analysis and synthesis using induction and deduction proposing theory and reviewing its validity. Results. The LAT can be used as a robust enough currency. Limitations. The study was carried out only for the three main Latin-American Union candidates: Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Originality. The ideas proposed here are original in the way the LAT is meant to function. Conclusions. The LAT promises to be a good option for stabilizing Latin-America and promote its regional development.

Facets of Mexican Thought: José Vasconcelos (1871-….)

1946 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334
Author(s):  
Kurt F. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Library ◽  
Jose Vasconcelos ◽  
American Military ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synthetic View ◽  
American Thought

Modern Ibero-American thought is generally neither distinguished by originality nor by systematic integrity. The Mexican philosophers Antonio Caso and José Vasconcelos, both to-day well advanced in years, are two notable exceptions to this rule. Both are systematic thinkers as well as prolific writers, and Vasconcelos combines with a synthetic view of life and civilization a vigorous originality of expression, two gifts which in their conjunction make it quite understandable that he is regarded by many of the intellectual leaders of Latin America as one of the most representative exponents of Ibero-American ideas in general and of Mexican philosophic thought in particular. A comprehensive monograph, dealing with the life and work of José Vasconcelos is being published this autumn by Dr. Oswaldo Robles, Professor of Philosophy at the National University of Mexico and Academic Rector of the Latin-American Military University in Mexico City. The writings of Vasconcelos comprise more than twenty volumes of works on metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics; a History of Philosophy; a History of Mexico; essays, biographies, and tragedies; and an extensive autobiography in four volumes. The author of this imposing oeuvre is at present Director of the National Library of Mexico and engaged in carrying through important reforms in that venerable institution.

The Gratuitiousness of the Presence of Christ in the Broken World of Latin America

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Suess
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Broken World

AbstractIn this plenary presentation from the Tenth IAMS Conference in Hammanskraal, South Africa, IAMS (then) vice-president Paulo Suess speaks about the importance of gratuitousness, proximity and universality in developing a Latin American missiology that is not just for the poor and indigenous, but with them as well. As he puts it: "From any point of the world we may access the network of gratuitousness and sharing, that questions accumulation, to the network of proximity, that challenges indifference and exclusion, and to the network of universality, that contests restrictive globalization. To transform the world of exclusion and poverty, and to incorporate the option for the protagonism of the poor in Christian communities and in society, the paschal experience--the experience of Jesus Christ crucified and living in the poor--lends wings to our imagination and sandals to the reasons of our hope."

scholarly journals Espacio - identidad - América Latina.

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Andrzej Dembicz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Short Description ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Latin American Countries

Short description The essay describes the problem of space and identity in Latin American countries. In this context, it is hard to designate the definition of space. The definition of space in Latin America has aspects and dimensions. It escapes mono-dimensional definitions. In general it can be argued that both physically existing spaces and the concepts of space are involved in the creation of Latin American identity. Short description written by Michał Gilewski

scholarly journals Латиноамериканська тематика на сторінках «Новой и новейшей истории» (1985−1991 рр.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Дмитро Володимирович Архірейський
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The issues of the articles published on the pages of the scientific-historical periodical "New and Contemporary History" (1985−1991, so-called Perestroika epoch) has been analysed. The complex of publications devoted to various problems of the Latin America modernity and contemporary history is identified. The author offers his classification of the identified publications by genre. It is found out that the articles and monograph reviews were the most popular genres. It was found that the overwhelming majority of the authors belonged to Moscow group, while there is absence of works prepared by the scientists who came from other Soviet republics (at least in the field of Latin America research). The conclusion about the dominance of Moscow scholarly centres in the Latin America`s history studying is made. It is shown that a tangible ideology and propaganda component in the research problems and the plots were important during Perestroika period and this approach was mostly kept until the end of the Soviet Union existence. The problems studied by the authors were as follows: national liberation struggle of the local population against Spanish colonial rule; the trade union movement and opposition to American imperialism development; historical personalities who represented the national liberation movements; political and social revolutions. An analysis of publications on the Latin America history shows that the Soviet historians did not have clear preferences regarding definite countries of the continent under study. All the Latin America countries were paid the focus of attention by the Soviet researchers. The state of Latin American studies on the pages of "New and Contemporary History" shows unsatisfactory level of this research field elaboration that is especially obvious in comparison with European and American studies.The forming of the Soviet historiography heritage in Latin American studies is of great importance for further perspectives of the Ukrainian Latin American studies development. It makes sense to assert that a careful consideration of the Soviet historiography heritage on the subject is important for the contemporary Ukrainian historiography.

Latin American Realities

Worldview ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
William V. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Qualities

In 1943, Vice President Henry Wallace made a triumphal goodwill tour of Latin America and received tumultuous acclaim from large audiences everywhere. In 1958, Vice President Richard Nixon made a comparable trip through Latin America and his reception ranged from indifference to indignity.The marked contrast between the two journeys is a fact of major concern for Americans. The decisive difference does not lie in die respective personal merits of Mr. Wallace and Mr. Nixon, although these personal qualities have some importance. Nor is it that Latin America in the past fifteen years has entered a quickened state of revolutionary change, although that is also true. The fundamental difference is not that Latin America has changed in the past fifteen years but that the world role of the United States has changed.

scholarly journals Allies and Traitors: Vice-Presidents in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 665-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiv Marsteintredet ◽  
Fredrik Uggla
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Vice Presidents ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractVice-presidents in Latin America have often been at the centre of political turbulence. To prevent conflicts within the executive, most Latin American countries have therefore put in place formulae to elect presidents and vice-presidents on a joint electoral ticket. Still, it is common for presidential candidates to pick running mates from other parties in order to construct alliances and appeal to a broader set of voters. But the presence of such ‘external’ vice-presidents seems to increase the risk of presidential interruption in general and impeachment processes in particular. Accordingly, we argue that the frequently overlooked institution of the vice-president deserves attention as a possible intervening variable that can contribute to the explanation for government crises and their outcomes in Latin America.

Paraguay

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Wide Range

Paraguay remains the least known, least understood and least researched country in Latin America. A landlocked country situated in the heart of the subcontinent and slightly larger than Japan, 98 percent of its 7.2 million people (as of 2021) live in the eastern region, which occupies only one-third of the total land area. An unusual history sets it apart from the subcontinent, in that an untypical form of colonialism has turned Paraguay into the only genuinely bilingual country in Latin America, where a ‘repressed’ language, Guaraní, is spoken by the majority of the overwhelmingly mestizo population. The springboard for the Spanish conquest of the southern half of the subcontinent, Paraguay later became embroiled in two of the three postindependence wars of Latin America, a fact that is indelibly marked on the country’s psyche to the present day. Defeat in the Triple Alliance War (1865–1870), the bloodiest war in the history of Latin America, in which around 75 percent of the adult male population died, has left deep psychosocial scars. Victory against Bolivia in the Chaco War (1932–1935) ensured control over the enormous but hardly populated western region of the country. Together these two wars gave rise to a militaristic and xenophobic form of “heroic nationalism” that was adroitly embedded by the dictatorship of the Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989), whose rule was the longest of any head of state in Latin American history. This long period of political repression also saw the construction of the Itaipú hydroelectric plant, still the largest in the world. Although jointly owned with Brazil, Paraguay’s benefits from the enterprise have been extremely meager. The country’s road to democratization since 1989 has been rocky, with three attempted coups (1996, 1999, and 2000); the assassination of a vice-president (1999); and the burning of Congress (2017). Yet despite endemic corruption and extremely weak rule of law, economic change has been dramatic in the new millennium. For though long geographically and culturally isolated, the democratization process has coincided with the rapid introduction of mechanized agriculture, which has catapulted the country into becoming the fourth-largest world exporter of soybean, which now occupies 22 percent of the total land area of eastern Paraguay. Meanwhile, a weak state is striving to deal with the attendant problems that this economic transformation is creating in the form of deforestation and environmental destruction, expulsion of small farmers and Indigenous peoples from their land, the spread of narcotic-related crime, and worsening inequality in income distribution. This article aims to provide an insight into the wide range of fascinating issues that come together in Paraguay’s turbulent history.

scholarly journals Los estudios culturales latinoamericanos: Un recorrido por sus categorías teóricas para el análisis de otros territorios / The Latin American Cultural Studies: A Theoretical Approach for the Analysis of Other Territories

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Fernanda García Germanier
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
La Plata ◽  
National University ◽  
Latin American Cultural Studies ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Estudios Culturales

ABSTRACTThis article recovers some of the categories investigated by authors of the Latin American cultural studies, with the aim of understanding their thoughts  and to establish dialogues with a problem of concrete investigation. The proposal not only follows from the author's doctoral thesis -based on the study of Pipinas, a town in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) hit by the neoliberal policies of the last decades of the 20th century-, it is also the result of her training as a fellow of the National University of La Plata (UNLP).RESUMENEste artículo recupera algunas de las categorías indagadas por autores que se incluyen en la corriente de los estudios culturales latinoamericanos, en pos de comprender matrices de pensamiento y establecer diálogos con una problemática de investigación concreta. La propuesta no sólo se desprende de la tesis doctoral de la autora -basada en el estudio de Pipinas, un pueblo de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) golpeado por las políticas neoliberales de las últimas décadas del siglo XX-, sino que también es el resultado de su formación como becaria de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP).

Digital Resources: Basques in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Álvarez-Gila
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Diasporic Communities

The historical presence of Basque immigrants and their descendants in several Latin American countries from the age of colonialism to the present has led to the creation of a web of Basque diasporic communities whose members combine their political identity as citizens of their countries of residence and, in most cases, also of birth, with a cultural, ethnic identity as Basque Argentinians, Basque Uruguayans, Basque Mexicans and Basque Cubans, among others. For centuries the organization of these communities crystalized in the formation of a network of voluntary associations in which the preservation of Basque identity was usually linked to more practical aims such as mutual aid, leisure, and education. Recent advances in the treatment of information, especially the benefits of digitization and the increasing use of the Internet as a tool for communication in all the spheres of human activity, have led to the appearance of initiatives to make this information available both to know and to research the past and present of these Basque diasporic communities, in the Americas and worldwide. These initiatives have been favored by the political evolution in the Basque homeland, with the retrieval of home rule and the creation of its own institutions of regional government, especially in the Spanish side of the Basque Country. Because of this, different websites are now available that provide researchers and general public with a gateway into deeper knowledge of how the Basque diaspora has evolved and what it is today. First of all are the primary sources for reconstructing the history of the Basque diaspora in Latin America. The efforts have been focused on trying both to preserve the documentary heritage of collective endeavors of previous generations of Basques in the region, and to make this heritage as open as possible. This has led to the creation of several digital archives that hold and make available the papers of Basque clubs and associations (in the colonial age, as well as in the period after Latin American independence), the periodicals created by and for the communities of Basque immigrants, the views of others about these communities, and some personal archives to any interested person. Among these initiatives is the attempt to recover the memory of one of the latest forced migratory movements to hit the Basque Country: political exile after the Spanish Civil War. The second type of resource is derived from the later attempts of some Basque diasporic communities to construct their own historical memory, using oral history as their principal tool. Most of the archives of oral sources created through these initiatives are available either on the Internet or in other publicly accessible ways. Third, there are also websites whose aim is to provide the reader with first-hand, easily comprehensible articles on topics related to the Basque diaspora. Some of them deserve special comment because of the variety and richness of their contents. Finally, the lack of specific online, digitalized libraries on the Basque diaspora is somehow compensated for by the emergence of new types of cultural constructs relating to the diaspora in audiovisual form that are also a good source for approaching the topic.

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