scholarly journals Crafting analytical tools to study institutional change

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELINOR OSTROM ◽  
XAVIER BASURTO
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Mechanistic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Predictive Theory ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract:Most powerful analytical tools used in the social sciences are well suited for studying static situations. Static and mechanistic analysis, however, is not adequate to understand the changing world in which we live. In order to adequately address the most pressing social and environmental challenges looming ahead, we need to develop analytical tools for analyzing dynamic situations – particularly institutional change. In this paper, we develop an analytical tool to study institutional change, more specifically, the evolution of rules and norms. We believe that in order for such an analytical tool to be useful to develop a general theory of institutional change, it needs to enable the analyst to concisely record the processes of change in multiple specific settings so that lessons from such settings can eventually be integrated into a more general predictive theory of change.

scholarly journals Music to My Ears: A Material-semiotic Analysis of Fetal Heart Sounds in Midwifery Prenatal Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 016224392110051
Author(s):  
Annekatrin Skeide
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Parental Love ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
The Aesthetic

Unlike sonographic examinations, sonic fetal heartbeat monitoring has received relatively little attention from scholars in the social sciences. Using the case of fetal heartbeat monitoring as part of midwifery prenatal care in Germany, this contribution introduces music as an analytical tool for exploring the aesthetic dimensions of obstetrical surveillance practices. Based on ethnographic stories, three orchestrations are compared in which three different instruments help audiences to listen to what becomes fetal heartbeat music and to qualify fetal and pregnant lives in relation to each other. In the Doppler-based orchestration, audible heartbeat music is taken as a sign of a child in need of parental love and care cultivated to listen. The Pinard horn makes esoteric fetal music that can be appreciated by the midwife as a skilled instrumentalist alone and helps to enact a child hidden in the belly. The cardiotocograph brings about soothing music and a reassuring relationship with a child but also durable scripts of juridical beauty. This material-semiotic analysis amplifies how well-being is shaped in midwifery prenatal care practices.

School Notes: Committee on Historical Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Graduate Faculty ◽  
New School ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Historical Moment

The Committee on Historical Studies was established in the Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social Research in 1984. The Graduate Faculty has long emphasized the contribution of history to the social sciences. Committee on Historical Studies (CHS) courses offer students the opportunity to utilize social scientific concepts and theories in the study of the past. The program is based on the conviction that the world changes constantly but changes systematically, with each historical moment setting the opportunities and limiting the potentialities of the next. Systematic historical analysis, however, is not merely a diverting luxury. Nor is it simply a means of assembling cases for present-oriented models of human behavior. It is a prerequisite to any sound understanding of processes of change and of structures large or small.

Data Mining in the Social Sciences and Iterative Attribute Elimination

2008 ◽  
pp. 308-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Scime ◽  
Gregg R. Murray ◽  
Wan Huang ◽  
Carol Brownstein-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Election Studies

Immense public resources are expended to collect large stores of social data, but often these data are under-examined thereby missing potential opportunities to shed light on some of society’s pressing problems. This chapter proposes and demonstrates data mining in general and an iterative attribute-elimination process in particular as important analytical tools to exploit more fully these important data from the social sciences. We use an iterative domain-expert and data mining process to identify attributes that are useful for addressing distinct and nontrivial research issues in social science—presidential vote choice and living arrangement outcomes for maltreated children—using the American National Election Studies (ANES) from political science and the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) from social work. We conclude that data mining is useful for more fully exploiting important but under-evaluated data collections for the purpose of addressing some important questions in the social sciences.

Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations of Social Capital

2009 ◽  
pp. 18-42
Author(s):  
Ben Kei Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Legitimacy ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Social capital is a complex multifaceted and litigious theory, discussed in the Social Sciences and the Humanities. It is a theory increasingly researchers questioned its scientific legitimacy and yet paradoxically many other researchers continuously use it as a conceptual and theoretical framework to explain the structural and functional operations of communities. This Chapter discusses work done on the theory. It covers some of the theoretical controversy with a goal of aligning its conceptualization and distinguishing it from other types of capitals. The Chapter is organized first the basic theoretical and conceptual foundations of social capital are described. The aim is to present the reader with a basic understanding of what constitutes social capital, by opening discussion about various forms of capital(s)—as discussed in the disciplines of Economics and Sociology. Second, the Chapter discusses the origin of the theory as well as the work of key scholars who have contributed to the development of the theory. Furthermore, in order to identify the strengths and the weaknesses of the theory, the Chapter provides the reader with analysis of benefits and shortcomings of social capital both as a theoretical and analytical tool for studying communities.

Risk Factors and Predictability of Famine in Ethiopia

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Vestal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Analytical Tools

Famine, a complex phenomenon with multifactorial causes, produces starvation and associated diseases resulting in unusually high mortality from a lack of food. Devastating famines in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s may have provided an impetus for scholars to find additional analytical tools for predicting famines. Two predominant theories of famines causality are (1) food availability decline (FAD), a supply failure; and (2) the entitlement approach based on a demand failure. Findings from both theories are applied to specific examples from Ethiopian famines to analyze the composition and effects of famine. The limited success of contemporary famines studies in anticipating famine suggests the need for improved analytical tools. Risk factor analysis, used successfully in the social sciences and the medical sciences to predict the occurrence of complicated phenomena, is developed to identify controllable, uncontrollable, and contributing factors to famine. Based on the experience of Ethiopia in 1983-86, categorical cutoff values for identifying a high risk of developing famine are formulated.

Victor Raskin on jokes

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Davies
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
General Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clear Delineation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractVictor Raskin's clear delineation of the differences between humorous and bone fide serious communication and his systematic formal account of how jokes work was not only a major contribution to linguistics but also made possible revolutionary advances in other areas of the social sciences of humor. It was Raskin's account of the fictional, conventional, and mythical scripts used in jokes that freed us from the earlier tendentious and misleading analyses of jokes in terms of “stereotypes.” The General Theory of Verbal Humor enables us more easily to explain, transform, unpack, and compare quite disparate kinds of jokes from elephant jokes to Polish jokes and to explain how and why jokes have evolved over time. Raskin's contribution to humor scholarship has been that of a master.

scholarly journals MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF TAX ADVERTISING AND SERVICES AS EXTERNAL FACTORS ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Retno Indriyarti ◽  
Michael Christian
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Stability Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indirect Impact

<p><strong><em> ABSTRACT: </em></strong><em> </em><em>Amid the continuing increase in the number of taxpayers in Indonesia, it is </em><em>expected</em><em> that the amount of tax revenue for the state will continue to increase. The increase in the amount of revenue is aimed at optimizing tax functions, namely budgetary, distribution and stability functions. However, the success of this tax revenue is strongly influenced, one of which is the taxpayer compliance to fulfill its obligations. Apart from internal factors that come from individual taxpayers, external factors have an important role in shaping taxpayer compliance. Several studies still show different results on these external factors on their influence on Taxpayer Compliance. This study aims to explain and analyze the influence of tax and tax service advertisement socialization factors on taxpayer compliance in Jakarta. This research is a quantitative study using multiple regression analysis. The analytical tool used in this study is the Social Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 25</em><em>.0</em><em>). The results of this study explain that taxpayer compliance is influenced by tax advertising socialization. In addition, the Taxpayer Compliance variable is also influenced by tax services. Simultaneously, tax </em><em>dissemination</em><em> and services also affect taxpayer compliance. With limitations on the specifications of the external factors used, this study also emphasizes the characteristics of taxpayers such as novice taxpayers, which is an interesting input to be carried out in subsequent studies. The level of tax knowledge for the group taxpayers will be closely related to the awareness of taxpayers in carrying out their obligations. This has an indirect impact on the level of compliance as a taxpayer.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em> </em><em>T</em><em>axpayer compliance, advertising, services</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK:</strong> Di tengah terus meningkatnya jumlah wajib pajak di Indonesia diharapkan dapat terus meningkatkan jumlah penerimaan pajak bagi negara. Peningkatan jumlah penerimaan ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi-fungsi pajak yaitu fungsi <em>budgeter</em>, distribusi, dan stabilitas. Namun demikian keberhasilan penerimaan pajak ini sangat dipengaruhi salah satunya dari Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak untuk memenuhi kewajibannya. Selain faktor internal yang berasal dari individu wajib pajak, faktor eksternal memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk kepatuhan wajib pajak. Beberapa penelitian masih menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda pada faktor-faktor eksternal tersebut terhadap pengaruhnya pada Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosialisasi iklan pajak dan layanan pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Alat analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu <em>Social Package for the Social Sciences</em> (SPSS 25). Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dipengaruhi oleh Sosialisasi iklan pajak. Selain itu, variabel Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak juga dipengaruhi oleh Layanan pajak. Secara simultan, Sosialisasi dan Layanan pajak turut mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Dengan keterbatasan pada spesifikasi faktor eksternal yang digunakan, penelitian ini menekankan juga pada karakter-karakter wajib pajak seperti Wajib Pajak pemula menjadi salah satu masukan yang menarik untuk dilakukan pada penelitian berikutnya. Tingkat pengetahuan pajak bagi wajib pajak kelompok tersebut akan sangat berhubungan dengan kesadaran wajib pajak dalam menjalankan kewajibannya. Hal ini secara tidak langsung berdampak pada seberapa tinggi kepatuhan sebagai Wajib Pajak.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> kepatuhan wajib pajak, iklan, layanan</p>

Systemaufstellung als Aktionsforschung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Management Consultant ◽  
The Social

Systemic planning depicts the structure and dynamics of social systems as a model and provides insightful information on the configuration of processes of change. The second edition of this book by Siegfried Rosner, an experienced planner and management consultant in both political and economic contexts, focuses on the methodological and epistemological aspects of different planning variants and calls for carefully thought-out action research based on the social sciences using system constellations. Analogue planning transformational work that is sociologically enlightened and inspired by social theory can contribute to us overcoming the challenges posed by societal change and the digital revolution.

Catchment water deficits in the 21st century

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Merrett
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
General Theory ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Water Surplus

The objective of this paper is to provide a general theory of the manner in which the water resources of a catchment shift from surplus to deficit and the means by which water resource institutions can manage or reverse this shift. The approach combines the languages of hydrology and the social sciences. After defining the concepts of catchment water surplus and deficit, an account is given of how a river basin may shift from one to the other as its output per head and population expand. Twelve possible options to confront such a shift are reviewed. The paper discusses the global significance of these issues and ends with a general testable hypothesis as a basis for fieldwork.

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