Overcoming essentialisation: a comparative study of ‘living-together’ conceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Patrignani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
National Community ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper compares two judgments of constitutional courts (French and German) assessing the constitutionality of statutes concerning veil-wearing and focuses on the underlying conceptions of ‘living together’. This means that what is actually compared is the self-understanding of the respective majority in the two societies as stated in the decisions. This is done by disassembling the concept of ‘living together’ into three elements: the notion of the individual, the meaning of belonging to the national community and the space accorded to religion in public. Each section of this paper examines one of these elements as they are entailed in the judgments and positions them critically within the respective legal cultural and historical contexts. The main aim of this paper is methodological in nature and is namely to show how comparative legal cultural studies can avoid essentialisation and rather highlight the complexity of every cultural context.

Promoting exchange between East and West management cultures: The role of dialogue

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muayyad Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mistaken Assumption ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThis paper calls on cultural studies as a resource for rethinking East and West management cultures. An analysis of East and West management cultures reveals that much of our prevailing knowledge of East and West management cultures is derived from cross-national comparisons of culture. These comparisons are predicated on assumptions of instrumental rationality and the cultural homogeneity of the self with social others, which effectively presume an ontology of the self as stable, enduring, and the same as social others. For promoting exchange between East and West management cultures, there is a need to move beyond this mistaken assumption of ontological ‘sameness’. To achieve this, the paper argues that at least two changes are required: (i) reversing the tendency to treat culture as an entity that is separate from the individual; and (ii) reversing the tendency to treat the narrative identity of the individual as stable and enduring. With a view to realising these changes, the paper proposes the notion of ‘dialogical encounter’ as a means of enabling individuals to be given a role in determining how their culture is ‘made known’ to others.

scholarly journals Transforming Shame in the Pandemic: An International Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude-Hélène Mayer ◽  
Elisabeth Vanderheiden
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
International Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Individual

Shame is an unconscious, somehow unattended and neglected emotion and occurs when individual and socio-cultural norms are violated. It often impacts negatively on the self and others across cultures. During the Covid-19 crises, shame has become an important emotion with a powerful effect, depending on how it is experienced within the socio-cultural context. This article explores shame in international perspectives in the context of Covid-19 and addresses the question how shame is transformed from an existential positive psychology (PP2.0) perspective. The study uses a qualitative research paradigm and explores shame and its transformation during Covid-19. Purposeful and snowball sampling was used. The sample consisted of 24 individuals (16 female, 8 male), of 13 different nationalities. Data were collected from written interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were followed; ethical approval was given by a university. Findings show that participants become very worried, anxious, scared, sad, and shocked when they or individuals in their close relationships contracted Covid-19. Shame plays an important role during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the meaning and experience of shame during Covid-19 is strongly dependent on the socio-cultural background of the individual who is experiencing the disease. Individuals use different strategies and mechanisms to deal with and transform shame in the context of Covid-19.

scholarly journals Walking down the Borderline: Hybridity and the Modulation of the Self in Three Canonical Chicano Novels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Meneses Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rudolfo Anaya ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rolando Hinojosa ◽  
Estudios Culturales

Abstract:This paper presents an analysis of three Chicano novels considered canonical, in which the concept of “hybridity” is discussed in relation with the individual: Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me Última, Tomás Rivera’s …Y No Se Lo Tragó La Tierra, and Rolando Hinojosa’s Los Amigos de Becky. The paper proposes an additional application of “hybridity”, key concept of Cultural and Postcolonial Studies, in the cultural context of the Chicano identity. The final aim is to prove, by means of the texts, the interaction between the individual and his/her context via their “hybridity” as a resulting phenomenon of a cultural multiplicity.Keywords: Chicano, novel, hybridity, individual, cultural context.Resumen:Este trabajo presenta un análisis de tres novelas de autores chicanos considerados canónicos, en el que se discute el concepto de ‘hibridación’ y su interacción con el individuo: Bless Me Última, de Rudolfo Anaya, …Y No Se Lo Tragó La Tierra, de Tomás Rivera y Los Amigos de Becky, de Rolando Hinojosa. Se propone una aplicación adicional de “hibridación”, concepto clave de los Estudios Culturales y Postcoloniales, en el contexto cultural de la identidad chicana. El objetivo es demostrar la interacción entre el individuo y su contexto a través de la “hibridación” como fenómeno de multiplicidad cultural.Palabras clave: Chicano, novela, hibridación, individuo, contexto cultural

Fragmenting the body

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brück
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exchange Control ◽  
Direct Reflection ◽  
Grave Goods

In 2002, the extraordinarily wealthy inhumation burial of a single adult male was discovered less than 5 kilometres from Stonehenge in Wiltshire. The Amesbury Archer, as he soon came to be known, was buried sometime between 2380 and 2290 BC (Fitzpatrick 2011), and he was accompanied by an array of grave goods including three copper knives, a pair of gold ornaments, five Beaker pots, seventeen barbed and tanged arrowheads, two stone bracers, a shale belt ring, and a possible cushion stone for the working of metal objects. The appearance of single burials with grave goods at the beginning of the Chalcolithic has long been interpreted as indicating the emergence of an ideology of the individual (e.g. Renfrew 1974; Shennan 1982). The objects buried with the Archer have been viewed as a direct reflection of his wealth and status, and the discovery seems to support established views of Bronze Age society as increasingly hierarchical—dominated by individuals who drew political power from success in long-distance exchange, control over specialist technologies such as metalworking, and prowess in hunting and warfare (Needham 2000a; Needham et al. 2010; Sheridan 2012). It has frequently been recognized, however, that such evolutionist narratives in fact present a reductionist reading of the evidence (e.g. Petersen 1972; Petersen et al. 1975, 49; Brück 2004a; Gibson, A. 2004), and detailed evaluation of human remains from both mortuary contexts and elsewhere indicates considerable variability in the treatment and perception of the human body (Sofaer Derevenski 2002; Gibson, A. 2004; Brück 2006a; Fitzpatrick 2011, 201–2; Appleby 2013; Fowler 2013, ch. 4). We will return to consider the significance of grave goods in Chapter 3; here we will focus on the treatment of the body both in Bronze Age mortuary rites and in other forms of social and ritual practice. As we shall see, the bodies of the dead were manipulated in complex ways that indicate the existence of concepts of the self that differ profoundly from those familiar from our own cultural context.

scholarly journals Reflexive theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tudor ◽  
Garry Cockburn ◽  
Joan Daniels ◽  
Josie Goulding ◽  
Peter Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Holistic Conception ◽  
Person Account ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Western Psychotherapy

Abstract Western – and Northern – psychology and psychotherapy stand accused of an over emphasis on the individual, ego, and self (“the Self”), autonomy, and self-development. These criticisms have been made from other intellectual, cultural, social, spiritual and wisdom traditions, but may also be found in critical and radical traditions within Western thought. In this article, exponents of ten different theoretical orientations within or modalities of psychotherapy reflect on one or two key aspects of their respective theories which, together, offer a holistic conception of the person; account for family/social/cultural context; provide an understanding of the human trend to homonomy (or belonging) alongside autonomy; articulate a relational understanding of human development, attachment to and engagement with others; and emphasise spirit, group, and community. As such, these psychotherapies – and critiques of Western psychotherapy – offer a wider vision of the scope and practice of psychotherapy and its relevance in and to Aotearoa New Zealand. Whakarāpopoto E tū ana te whakapae, e kaha rawa ana te whakapau wā ki te takitahi a te whakaora hinengaro o te Uru me te Raki i te takitahi, te whakaī, me te whaiaro (“te Whaiaro”), tino rangatiratanga, me te whanaketanga whaiaro. I ara ake ana ēnei kūrakuraku i ētahi atu tikanga hinengaro, ahurea, hapori, wairua, me te mātauranga, engari ka kitea anō hoki i roto i ngā tikanga arohaeheanga rerekē hoki o te whakaarohanga Taiuru. Kei tēnei kōrero, ko ngā tauira o ngā ariā tekau āhua mau ki roto, ki te āhua rānei o te kaiwhakaora hinengaro e whakaata ana i tētahi, ētahi tirohanga rānei o ā rātou ake aria, ā, ngātahi e tuku ariā tapeke ana o te tangata; whakaaturanga horopaki whānau/hāpori; whakarato moohiotanga o te ia o te tangata ki te whakaōrite (whai tūrangawaewae rānei) i te taha o te tino rangatiratanga. Ki te whakapapa mātauranga whakapā ki te ira tangata, tōna whakapiri ki me te whakapiri ki ētahi atu hoki, ā, ka whakatāpua wairua, rōpū, hāpori hoki. Koia rā, ko ēnei kaiwhakaora hinengaro – paearu kaiwhakaora hinengaro o te Uru  – e tuku tirohanga whānui ana o te matapae me te mahi a te kaiwhakaora hinengaro me ana whakapaanga katoa i Aotearoa nei.

scholarly journals The Real Self and the Ideal Self

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Irtelli ◽  
Federico Durbano ◽  
Barbara Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Self ◽  
The Ideal

Every human psychic aspect, even the development of the Self, cannot be considered separately from the financial and cultural context in which it is inserted: ad a Matteo of fact the realization of individual freedom is correlated to broader economic and social changes, which influence the individual on self-realization. In the chapter, various theories about this topic and about the ideal self are explored, and it concludes by considering that self expression helps people to satisfy their real emotions and their real self, it also highlights the fact that self-realization and self-expression are among the highest needs on the human needs scale, and they affect human health.

Comparative Pedagogy: Theoretico-Methodological Approaches and Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
��������� ◽  
Ludmila Suprunova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
National Education ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The paper characterizes theoretical and methodological approaches and methods of comparative education (Comparative Education) on the philosophical, general scientific, concrete scientific and technological levels, which were received on the basis of the analysis of the works of Russian and foreign comparativists and educational practices. The features of the humanitarian approach, the essence and distinctive features of the system, cultural, axiological, competence approach to the methodology of the Russian comparative education are presented. The advantages of the humanitarian approach to the comparative study of the educational reality are considered. Great attention is paid to the identification of variant conditions for the development of the individual student based on an integrated use of quantitative and qualitative methods, that allows researchers to study not only the educational system but also the man himself in these systems in a particular socio-cultural context . The methods of application of theoretical and practical, quantitative and qualitative methods in a comparative study of the educational reality at the global, national and institutional levels are described. Measures to improve the scientific and methodological potential of comparative education in Russia are suggested to convert this branch of scientific knowledge and educational discipline into an effective instrument of modernization of national education.

Promoting exchange between East and West management cultures: The role of dialogue

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muayyad Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mistaken Assumption ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThis paper calls on cultural studies as a resource for rethinking East and West management cultures. An analysis of East and West management cultures reveals that much of our prevailing knowledge of East and West management cultures is derived from cross-national comparisons of culture. These comparisons are predicated on assumptions of instrumental rationality and the cultural homogeneity of the self with social others, which effectively presume an ontology of the self as stable, enduring, and the same as social others. For promoting exchange between East and West management cultures, there is a need to move beyond this mistaken assumption of ontological ‘sameness’. To achieve this, the paper argues that at least two changes are required: (i) reversing the tendency to treat culture as an entity that is separate from the individual; and (ii) reversing the tendency to treat the narrative identity of the individual as stable and enduring. With a view to realising these changes, the paper proposes the notion of ‘dialogical encounter’ as a means of enabling individuals to be given a role in determining how their culture is ‘made known’ to others.

Manageable Self in the Early Hellenistic Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Vaia Touna
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Individual

This paper argues that the rise of what is commonly termed "personal religion" during the Classic-Hellenistic period is not the result of an inner need or even quality of the self, as often argued by those who see in ancient Greece foreshadowing of Christianity, but rather was the result of social, economic, and political conditions that made it possible for Hellenistic Greeks to redefine the perception of the individual and its relationship to others.

THE SCIENCE OF JUDICIAL PSYCHOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Petru TĂRCHILĂ
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Determinant Factor

Judicial psychology is the science that analyzes and tries to understand the criminal phenomenon in general and its determinant factor in particular, by the complexity of factors that generate it and by the diversity of its forms of manifestation. Although the determining factor of criminal behavior is always subjective being generated by the psychic of the offender, this aspect must be correlated with the context in which it manifests itself: social, economic, cultural context etc. Judicial psychology investigates the behavior of the individual in all its aspects, seeking a scientific explanation of the mechanisms and factors enhancing criminal favors, thus enabling the identification of the preventive measures to be taken to reduce the categories of offenses. It studies the psycho-behavioral profile of the offender, identifying the causes that determined its behavior in order to take preventive measures.The domain of judicial psychology is mainly deviance, conduct that departs from the moral or legal norms that are dominant in a given culture. The object of judicial psychology is the criminal act, correlated with the psychosocial characteristics of the participants in the judicial action (offender, victim, witness, investigator, magistrate, lawyer, civil party, educator, etc.). The science of judicial psychology also analyzes how these characteristics appear and manifest themselves in concrete and special conditions of their interaction in three phases of the criminal act: the pre-criminal phase, the actual criminal phase and the post-criminal phase.

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