scholarly journals Transforming Shame in the Pandemic: An International Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude-Hélène Mayer ◽  
Elisabeth Vanderheiden
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
International Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Individual

Shame is an unconscious, somehow unattended and neglected emotion and occurs when individual and socio-cultural norms are violated. It often impacts negatively on the self and others across cultures. During the Covid-19 crises, shame has become an important emotion with a powerful effect, depending on how it is experienced within the socio-cultural context. This article explores shame in international perspectives in the context of Covid-19 and addresses the question how shame is transformed from an existential positive psychology (PP2.0) perspective. The study uses a qualitative research paradigm and explores shame and its transformation during Covid-19. Purposeful and snowball sampling was used. The sample consisted of 24 individuals (16 female, 8 male), of 13 different nationalities. Data were collected from written interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were followed; ethical approval was given by a university. Findings show that participants become very worried, anxious, scared, sad, and shocked when they or individuals in their close relationships contracted Covid-19. Shame plays an important role during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the meaning and experience of shame during Covid-19 is strongly dependent on the socio-cultural background of the individual who is experiencing the disease. Individuals use different strategies and mechanisms to deal with and transform shame in the context of Covid-19.

Replicating a study of women and men in state government administration 30 years later

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Mastracci ◽  
Nadia Mahallati
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Upper Management ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Preference Theory ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine data from a 2016 replication of a 1986 study of upper-level administrators in government agencies in the US State of Utah. The unique cultural context of this state is used to challenge Hakim’s preference theory; specifically, that the individual agency of work-oriented women is stronger than structural constraints, including culture. This study joins others that have questioned the preference theory’s applicability in certain cultural contexts. Design/methodology/approach A simple approach using difference-of-means t-tests shows that female respondents in 2016 are more like their male contemporaries than they are to their sister administrators 30 years prior. T-tests are also used to compare male respondents in 1986 and 2016. Findings Women in upper management in 2016 are more likely to be married and have preschool-aged children at home than they were in 1986. These results suggest that women are succeeding at the highest levels in state government administration and also adhering to strong cultural norms. Women’s views on labor market policies changed over time, as well. While women in 2016 are found to resemble their male counterparts in 2016 more than they resemble female respondents in 1986, variations in men’s responses in 1986 and 2016 are statistically no different from zero. Originality/value This study challenges the predictions of Hakim’s preference theory in the context of strong cultural norms that dictate separate gender roles. The results contradict the preference theory’s predictions and are consistent with critiques of its applicability across cultural contexts.

scholarly journals Walking down the Borderline: Hybridity and the Modulation of the Self in Three Canonical Chicano Novels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Meneses Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rudolfo Anaya ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rolando Hinojosa ◽  
Estudios Culturales

Abstract:This paper presents an analysis of three Chicano novels considered canonical, in which the concept of “hybridity” is discussed in relation with the individual: Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me Última, Tomás Rivera’s …Y No Se Lo Tragó La Tierra, and Rolando Hinojosa’s Los Amigos de Becky. The paper proposes an additional application of “hybridity”, key concept of Cultural and Postcolonial Studies, in the cultural context of the Chicano identity. The final aim is to prove, by means of the texts, the interaction between the individual and his/her context via their “hybridity” as a resulting phenomenon of a cultural multiplicity.Keywords: Chicano, novel, hybridity, individual, cultural context.Resumen:Este trabajo presenta un análisis de tres novelas de autores chicanos considerados canónicos, en el que se discute el concepto de ‘hibridación’ y su interacción con el individuo: Bless Me Última, de Rudolfo Anaya, …Y No Se Lo Tragó La Tierra, de Tomás Rivera y Los Amigos de Becky, de Rolando Hinojosa. Se propone una aplicación adicional de “hibridación”, concepto clave de los Estudios Culturales y Postcoloniales, en el contexto cultural de la identidad chicana. El objetivo es demostrar la interacción entre el individuo y su contexto a través de la “hibridación” como fenómeno de multiplicidad cultural.Palabras clave: Chicano, novela, hibridación, individuo, contexto cultural

Overcoming essentialisation: a comparative study of ‘living-together’ conceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Patrignani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
National Community ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper compares two judgments of constitutional courts (French and German) assessing the constitutionality of statutes concerning veil-wearing and focuses on the underlying conceptions of ‘living together’. This means that what is actually compared is the self-understanding of the respective majority in the two societies as stated in the decisions. This is done by disassembling the concept of ‘living together’ into three elements: the notion of the individual, the meaning of belonging to the national community and the space accorded to religion in public. Each section of this paper examines one of these elements as they are entailed in the judgments and positions them critically within the respective legal cultural and historical contexts. The main aim of this paper is methodological in nature and is namely to show how comparative legal cultural studies can avoid essentialisation and rather highlight the complexity of every cultural context.

Fragmenting the body

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brück
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exchange Control ◽  
Direct Reflection ◽  
Grave Goods

In 2002, the extraordinarily wealthy inhumation burial of a single adult male was discovered less than 5 kilometres from Stonehenge in Wiltshire. The Amesbury Archer, as he soon came to be known, was buried sometime between 2380 and 2290 BC (Fitzpatrick 2011), and he was accompanied by an array of grave goods including three copper knives, a pair of gold ornaments, five Beaker pots, seventeen barbed and tanged arrowheads, two stone bracers, a shale belt ring, and a possible cushion stone for the working of metal objects. The appearance of single burials with grave goods at the beginning of the Chalcolithic has long been interpreted as indicating the emergence of an ideology of the individual (e.g. Renfrew 1974; Shennan 1982). The objects buried with the Archer have been viewed as a direct reflection of his wealth and status, and the discovery seems to support established views of Bronze Age society as increasingly hierarchical—dominated by individuals who drew political power from success in long-distance exchange, control over specialist technologies such as metalworking, and prowess in hunting and warfare (Needham 2000a; Needham et al. 2010; Sheridan 2012). It has frequently been recognized, however, that such evolutionist narratives in fact present a reductionist reading of the evidence (e.g. Petersen 1972; Petersen et al. 1975, 49; Brück 2004a; Gibson, A. 2004), and detailed evaluation of human remains from both mortuary contexts and elsewhere indicates considerable variability in the treatment and perception of the human body (Sofaer Derevenski 2002; Gibson, A. 2004; Brück 2006a; Fitzpatrick 2011, 201–2; Appleby 2013; Fowler 2013, ch. 4). We will return to consider the significance of grave goods in Chapter 3; here we will focus on the treatment of the body both in Bronze Age mortuary rites and in other forms of social and ritual practice. As we shall see, the bodies of the dead were manipulated in complex ways that indicate the existence of concepts of the self that differ profoundly from those familiar from our own cultural context.

The patients have a story to tell: Informed consent for people who use illicit opiates

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-672
Author(s):  
Jane McCall ◽  
J Craig Phillips ◽  
Andrew Estafan ◽  
Vera Caine
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The University ◽  
Written Informed Consent

Background: There is a significant discourse in the literature that opines that people who use illicit opiates are unable to provide informed consent due to withdrawal symptoms and cognitive impairment as a result of opiate use. Aims: This paper discusses the issues related to informed consent for this population. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from both the local REB and the university. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Method: This was a qualitative interpretive descriptive study. 22 participants were interviewed, including 18 nurses, 2 social workers and 2 clinic support workers. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis, which is a way of systematically reducing the complexity of the information to arrive at generalized explanations. Results: The staff at the clinic were overwhelming clear in their judgment that people who use opiates can and should be able to participate in research and that their drug use is not a barrier to informed consent. Conclusions: It is important to involve people who use opiates in research. Protectionist concerns about this population may be overstated. Such concerns do not promote the interests of research participants. People who use heroin need to be able to tell their story.

scholarly journals Reflexive theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tudor ◽  
Garry Cockburn ◽  
Joan Daniels ◽  
Josie Goulding ◽  
Peter Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Holistic Conception ◽  
Person Account ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Western Psychotherapy

Abstract Western – and Northern – psychology and psychotherapy stand accused of an over emphasis on the individual, ego, and self (“the Self”), autonomy, and self-development. These criticisms have been made from other intellectual, cultural, social, spiritual and wisdom traditions, but may also be found in critical and radical traditions within Western thought. In this article, exponents of ten different theoretical orientations within or modalities of psychotherapy reflect on one or two key aspects of their respective theories which, together, offer a holistic conception of the person; account for family/social/cultural context; provide an understanding of the human trend to homonomy (or belonging) alongside autonomy; articulate a relational understanding of human development, attachment to and engagement with others; and emphasise spirit, group, and community. As such, these psychotherapies – and critiques of Western psychotherapy – offer a wider vision of the scope and practice of psychotherapy and its relevance in and to Aotearoa New Zealand. Whakarāpopoto E tū ana te whakapae, e kaha rawa ana te whakapau wā ki te takitahi a te whakaora hinengaro o te Uru me te Raki i te takitahi, te whakaī, me te whaiaro (“te Whaiaro”), tino rangatiratanga, me te whanaketanga whaiaro. I ara ake ana ēnei kūrakuraku i ētahi atu tikanga hinengaro, ahurea, hapori, wairua, me te mātauranga, engari ka kitea anō hoki i roto i ngā tikanga arohaeheanga rerekē hoki o te whakaarohanga Taiuru. Kei tēnei kōrero, ko ngā tauira o ngā ariā tekau āhua mau ki roto, ki te āhua rānei o te kaiwhakaora hinengaro e whakaata ana i tētahi, ētahi tirohanga rānei o ā rātou ake aria, ā, ngātahi e tuku ariā tapeke ana o te tangata; whakaaturanga horopaki whānau/hāpori; whakarato moohiotanga o te ia o te tangata ki te whakaōrite (whai tūrangawaewae rānei) i te taha o te tino rangatiratanga. Ki te whakapapa mātauranga whakapā ki te ira tangata, tōna whakapiri ki me te whakapiri ki ētahi atu hoki, ā, ka whakatāpua wairua, rōpū, hāpori hoki. Koia rā, ko ēnei kaiwhakaora hinengaro – paearu kaiwhakaora hinengaro o te Uru  – e tuku tirohanga whānui ana o te matapae me te mahi a te kaiwhakaora hinengaro me ana whakapaanga katoa i Aotearoa nei.

scholarly journals The Real Self and the Ideal Self

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Irtelli ◽  
Federico Durbano ◽  
Barbara Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Self ◽  
The Ideal

Every human psychic aspect, even the development of the Self, cannot be considered separately from the financial and cultural context in which it is inserted: ad a Matteo of fact the realization of individual freedom is correlated to broader economic and social changes, which influence the individual on self-realization. In the chapter, various theories about this topic and about the ideal self are explored, and it concludes by considering that self expression helps people to satisfy their real emotions and their real self, it also highlights the fact that self-realization and self-expression are among the highest needs on the human needs scale, and they affect human health.

Manageable Self in the Early Hellenistic Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Vaia Touna
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Individual

This paper argues that the rise of what is commonly termed "personal religion" during the Classic-Hellenistic period is not the result of an inner need or even quality of the self, as often argued by those who see in ancient Greece foreshadowing of Christianity, but rather was the result of social, economic, and political conditions that made it possible for Hellenistic Greeks to redefine the perception of the individual and its relationship to others.

THE SCIENCE OF JUDICIAL PSYCHOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Petru TĂRCHILĂ
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Determinant Factor

Judicial psychology is the science that analyzes and tries to understand the criminal phenomenon in general and its determinant factor in particular, by the complexity of factors that generate it and by the diversity of its forms of manifestation. Although the determining factor of criminal behavior is always subjective being generated by the psychic of the offender, this aspect must be correlated with the context in which it manifests itself: social, economic, cultural context etc. Judicial psychology investigates the behavior of the individual in all its aspects, seeking a scientific explanation of the mechanisms and factors enhancing criminal favors, thus enabling the identification of the preventive measures to be taken to reduce the categories of offenses. It studies the psycho-behavioral profile of the offender, identifying the causes that determined its behavior in order to take preventive measures.The domain of judicial psychology is mainly deviance, conduct that departs from the moral or legal norms that are dominant in a given culture. The object of judicial psychology is the criminal act, correlated with the psychosocial characteristics of the participants in the judicial action (offender, victim, witness, investigator, magistrate, lawyer, civil party, educator, etc.). The science of judicial psychology also analyzes how these characteristics appear and manifest themselves in concrete and special conditions of their interaction in three phases of the criminal act: the pre-criminal phase, the actual criminal phase and the post-criminal phase.

Experiences of Hearing Parents Following the Diagnosis of Their Child's Hearing Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronel Sanet Davids ◽  
Mariana De Jager
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Hearing Parents ◽  
Phenomenological Design ◽  
Depth Interviews

An estimated 90 per cent of children with a hearing loss are born to hearing parents. Most parents are unprepared for the diagnosis, leaving them shocked, confused, sad and bewildered. This article reports on a study aimed at exploring and describing the experiences of hearing parents regarding their child’s hearing loss. The study was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. The study applied a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological design. Purposive sampling was implemented and data were collected by means of unstructured in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Ethical considerations were adhered to. The main findings of the study indicated that hearing parents experience a myriad of emotions when their child is diagnosed with a hearing loss. This study advocates for various stakeholders in the helping profession to collaborate in the best interest of hearing parents and a child with hearing loss. Furthermore, these findings serve as guidelines for professionals working with these families.

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