The Signatures of Social Structure: Petitioning for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in Manchester

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Makovi
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Abolition Movement

This article considers the problem of popular, collectively organized political action in the context of the abolition movement of the slave trade (1788–1807). Various primary sources, a petition, a trade directory, church records, and a self-built historic GIS are used to locate petitioners for abolition in the social fabric of Manchester. Through matching and computational experiments the article highlights which social structural forces led individuals to support the abolition movement by signing a petition. Specifically, gathering places that were historically involved in the movement, as well as those that housed traveling merchants from communities with successful abolitionist petitions from preceding campaigns shaped abolitionist petitioning—and the impact of these institutions remained important over and above family ties, active religious congregations, and the occupational groups. The article gives a new understanding of the role that early industrialization played in the abolition movement, building it from the bottom up, forging cohesion within and across communities through local institutions, rather than creating new boundaries and divides through processes of class formation.

17. Covert Feminism: Female Activists on the Field of Play

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Impact Sport ◽  
The Impact

Because of feminist activism, what were once considered incompatible entities, women and sport, have come to be united within the social fabric of the 21st century. Recent generations of women are the first to experience sport as a commonplace reality that is largely taken for granted. After initial exclusion from the first and second wave feminist agendas, many activists now recognize sport as a vehicle for the advancement of women. The female athlete has been described by some academics as a type of “stealth feminist” who can support key feminist causes without arousing a knee-jerk social response. Although female sport participation and the status of female athletes have improved significantly, the impact this has had in the lived experience of women remains to be understood. This research project seeks to conduct focus groups with female athletes to better understand their relationship with the topic of feminism and to explore the impact sport participation has had within their lives. Deeper comprehension and documentation of sport from the perspective of female participants may not only serve to help guide sport policy and programing, but may also serve to foster a united, feminist consciousness that is capable of expanding the possibilities for female athletes and for women more broadly. 

scholarly journals The impact of uncertainty in society on the use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine: a comparative study on visits to alternative/traditional/folk health care practitioners

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimpei Misawa ◽  
Rie Ichikawa ◽  
Akiko Shibuya ◽  
Yukihiro Maeda ◽  
Ichiro Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Abstract Background While traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) is gaining increased interest worldwide, the structural factors associated with the usage of TCAM at the social level have not been sufficiently explored. We aim to understand the social structure of uncertainty in society that affects the TCAM usage for men and women. Methods We studied 32 countries using data from the International Social Survey Programme and the World Bank. In this study, we defined TCAM usage as visits to an alternative/traditional/folk health care practitioner during the past 12 months. We performed a correlation analysis and used a generalized linear model . Results The prevalence of TCAM usage in terms of visits to practitioners was 26.1% globally, while usage varied across the 32 countries. Generalized linear models showed that unemployment rate was associated with the prevalence of TCAM usage in terms of visits to practitioners. Conclusions At the social-structural level TCAM usage involving visits to practitioners was related to job insecurity. Job insecurity led to a decrease in TCAM usage regarding visits to practitioners. These findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the social-structural factors of uncertainty in society when designing health policies related to TCAM.

Social categorization in interpersonal negotiation: How social structural factors shape negotiations

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Demoulin ◽  
Cátia P. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Distributive Negotiation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact

Social categorization is a powerful determinant of social behavior. As group membership becomes salient, individuals come to behave as group members and, consequently, appraise interactions according to these salient group identities (Turner, 1987). The aim of the present article is to investigate the impact of social categorization on perceptions and appraisals of a distributive negotiation situation. An experiment is presented in which social categorization of the negotiation partner is manipulated. Results revealed that the social structural factors associated with the partner’s group (i.e. social status and group’s competition) influence fixed-pie perceptions as well as participants’ inferences about their counterpart’s target and resistance points. In addition, these effects are mediated by stereotypical evaluations of the counterpart in terms of warmth and competence, respectively.

scholarly journals Theatre as a Platform for Ecological Critique

Le Simplegadi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Paola Spinozzi ◽  
Thunc Anh Cao Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
The Impact

This article on ecotheatre with a focus on Vietnam pursues two goals. Firstly, it discusses how theatre can address ecological concerns, utilising ancient cultural sources. Secondly, it focuses on how these concerns are dramatised in the satirical comedy Gặp nhau cuối năm (Year-End Gathering), first broadcast on Vietnamese television in 2003. The main theoretical question is how and whether theatre, and specifically television theatre, can raise awareness of the climate crisis and generate a cultural shift. While addressing the crisis, theatre does not necessarily aim at breaking conventions. It can play with rhetorical strategies to convey the complexity of the interactions between humans and nature. It can stimulate internalist factors and intrinsic motivations leading to individual or collective social and political action. Gặp nhau cuối năm is a rewriting of the legend of the three Kitchen Gods who supervise every household and present their report to the Jade Emperor, the ruler of the world. Using satire and parody to convey praise and critique, the play stimulates reflection on the social and environmental crisis and occasional indifference of the Gods. Considering the impact that the TV has on public opinion in Vietnam and the popularity reached by Gặp nhau cuối năm, it becomes clear that theatre encapsulating entertainment and critique can respond to environmental concerns, stimulate ecological thought and generate change

Politics as a Process Structured in Space and Time

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Historical institutionalism embraces models of the polity that acknowledge the impact on political action of the social, economic and political structures in which actors are embedded at particular times and places. In addition to examining how events affect the immediate outcome of interest, it considers how they restructure the institutional or ideological setting so as to condition outcomes at later periods in time. Through a comparison with alternative modes of analysis, this chapter outlines what it means to see politics as a structured process. Taking up the problem of plasticity raised by a second wave of historical institutional analysis, it considers how institutions might be dependent on social coalitions but still factors structuring politics by virtue of how they sustain those coalitions.

The Impact of the Work Environment on Condom Use among Female Bar Workers in the Philippines

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Morisky ◽  
Melanie Peña ◽  
Teodora V. Tiglao ◽  
Kenn Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to examine how condom use is affected by specific aspects of the work environment: (1) social-structural and environmental influences and constraints, (2) mandatory condom use policy, and (3) the level of social influence and reinforcement between manager and employee. A total of 1,340 bar workers and 308 nonestablishment freelanceworkers comprise the study group. In establishments where a condom use policy exists, female barworkerswere 2.6 times more likely to consistently use condoms during sexual intercourse comparedwith establishments that do not have such a policy in place. The results suggest a need for the development of comprehensive educational policies in all entertainment establishments, including regular meetings with employees, reinforcing attendance at the Social Hygiene Clinic, promoting AIDS awareness, making condoms available in theworkplace, and mandating 100% condom use behavior among all employees.

The impact of the “fear of God” on the British abolitionist movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-52
Author(s):  
Jakub Urbaniak ◽  
Mooketsi Motsisi
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
Fear Of God ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While there is a general consensus around the role of religion in the abolition of the Slave Trade, historians continue to give little to no detail on exactly how Christian theology influenced the abolitionist movement. This article seeks to interrogate one major theological factor inherent in the spirituality that underpinned the activism of the British abolitionists, namely their notion of Divine Providence, and particularly its moral-emotive correlate: the fear of God’s wrath. These theological notions are discussed based mainly on the analysis of the primary sources and within the theoretical framework of judicial providentialism, aptly captured by John Coffey among others.

CSR in the Lebanese banking sector: a neo-institutional approach to stakeholders’ legitimacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel Chedrawi ◽  
Alain Osta ◽  
Souheir Osta
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an issue in the international banking industry, where each bank must assert its stakeholders, the social fabric and the natural environment. In the same time, legitimacy which has become one of the most critical issues for corporations, can be increased in the eyes of other stakeholders or institutions by structurally or procedurally adjusting to institutional influences. By conforming to three external institutional pressures (normative, mimetic and coercive), identified by DiMaggio and Powell (1983), organizations can build, support and gain legitimacy for their activities in specific institutional environments. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative approach, this research highlights the input of neo-institutional theory in the CSR context in top Lebanese banks in Lebanon. Findings This paper aims to analyze the impact of neo-institutionalism and the role of stakeholders in legitimizing CSR practices in the Lebanese banking sector. Practical implications Top Lebanese banks cannot simply comply with institutional pressures to gain their legitimacy, they need to develop their CSR activities targeted toward legitimacy-building at the local level; as for managers they cannot simply adopt managerial perspectives instrumentally to gain societal support, they need to adapt such perspectives and practices to the local needs as expressed by their internal and external stakeholders. Originality/value Managers of top Lebanese banks need to proactively engage in managing institutional pressures by adopting and adapting legitimacy-seeking strategies. This study highlights that top Lebanese banks differ in their CSR orientation because of their ownership structure, number of employees and profitability.

scholarly journals Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Armanda Keqi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In the social and economic transition, the Higher Education in Albania has tremendously ocercomed its capacities and the opportunities offered. Albania is considered the champion country in Europe for the high number of universities. Besides the public universities, in the country also operate dozens of private universities. in Albania there are about 20 universities per million inhabitants, (161500 students for a population of 2,8 million people), nearly eight times more than countries like UK that have internationalized higher education and have a very large percentage of foreign students. This paper takes into account the development of higher education and the responsible institutions of this development during the transition in Albania, the current structure of universities, the financial problems and the reform of higher education. It also examines issues such as: the measurement of quality, the ranking and the competition between public universities and private institutions. Then the focus of the paper runs on the employment of the young graduates who have finished albanian universities in the last five years. Firstly, relying on foreign literature, I have analyzed some of the main models of employment of graduates, their skills in the labor market, and also the changes that have occurred in the careers of the graduates in the last century. for the extraction of data are used questionnaires distributed electronically to over 230 employees that have brought significant conclusions about the employment of graduates in Albania, as well as the impact of such factors as: GPA, the training, the number of foreign languages spoken and other qualifications and skills that affect the level of salary and their position at work. Also starting from the above models, the scope is to identify the key elements that affect the careers of albanian graduates, and the key factors that have driven their employment. In the end of the paper are given some conclusions and recommendations on how higher education in Albania should be reformed, given by the sample responses of the interviewers, but also by a concrete analysis of the problems that are facing this sector in Albania, and how this reformation of higher education can increase its fruits on more qualified and employed youths in their respective fields. The methodology used is mainly from primary sources, ranging from the data collected by the respondents, as well as from secondary sources of data published for this area of study. The main limitation of such a work is the limited number of samples under the survey, the data of whom has been generalized for all the population of the paper.

scholarly journals El Instituto Internacional de Agricultura: España y la «cuestión social», 1905-1923

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Sánchez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Regulation

In the agrarian context of the early 20th century, networks of experts and interest groups were created. These formed institutions across state borders to achieve prestige derived from their supranational character and ostensible technical and scientific capacity. The objective of this article is to analyse the impact in Spain of the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA), from the year of its creation until the advent of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, through the lens of the “social question”: a concept that popularized the proposals and disagreements surrounding labour regulation. The research draws from the latest contributions in transnational history and internationalism, recent secondary sources about the IIA and primary sources that reflect how transnational IIA networks worked in and with Spain to address agricultural labour issues. The article concludes that the intensely transnational connections between agrarian elites, owners and technicians in the early 20th century transformed social relations in agriculture and agrarian public policies in Spain.

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