Characterization of rice cultivar response to florpyrauxifen-benzyl

Abstract Many factors such as environment, herbicide rate, growth stage at application, and days between sequential applications can influence the response of a crop to herbicides. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new broad-spectrum, POST herbicide that was commercialized for use in U.S. rice production in 2018. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at the Pine Tree Research Station (PTRS) near Colt, AR, and the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC), near Stuttgart, AR, to evaluate crop injury and yield response of three rice cultivars to sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted at the Altheimer Laboratory in Fayetteville, AR, to evaluate cultivar responses when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 30 or 60 g ae ha−1 to rice exposed to different temperature regimes or at various growth stages. Three rice cultivars were used in all experiments: long-grain variety ‘CL111’, medium-grain variety ‘CL272’, and long-grain hybrid cultivar ‘CLXL745’. CL111 exhibited sufficient tolerance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl with only 10% visible injury and no effect on yield. CL272 showed 15% injury 3 wk after the second application in the field experiment when applications were made 14 d apart. Additionally, 12% injury was observed in greenhouse studies when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 30 g ae ha−1, averaged over various growth stages at application. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl did not reduce the yield of CL272 in field experiments, indicating that CL272 can recover from florpyrauxifen-benzyl injury. As much as 64% injury was observed for CLXL745 at 3 wk after application (WAA) when sequential herbicide applications were made 4 d apart. High levels of injury occurred in the growth chamber and greenhouse studies for this cultivar as well. Sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl reduced yields of CLXL745 in nearly all treatments. Data from these experiments suggest that CL272 and CLXL745 are sensitive to sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. Growers must follow the prescribed guidelines for using florpyrauxifen-benzyl in these cultivars and others like it.

Download Full-text

The effect of cotton growth stage on response to a sublethal concentration of 2,4-D

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 321-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John T. Buol ◽

Daniel B. Reynolds ◽

Darrin M. Dodds ◽

J. Anthony Mills ◽

Robert L. Nichols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Length ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Auxin Herbicides

AbstractRecent commercialization of auxin herbicide–based weed control systems has led to increased off-target exposure of susceptible cotton cultivars to auxin herbicides. Off-target deposition of dilute concentrations of auxin herbicides can occur on cotton at any stage of growth. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Mississippi from 2014 to 2016 to assess the response of cotton at various growth stages after exposure to a sublethal 2,4-D concentration of 8.3 g ae ha−1. Herbicide applications occurred weekly from 0 to 14 weeks after emergence (WAE). Cotton exposure to 2,4-D at 2 to 9 WAE resulted in up to 64% visible injury, whereas 2,4-D exposure 5 to 6 WAE resulted in machine-harvested yield reductions of 18% to 21%. Cotton maturity was delayed after exposure 2 to 10 WAE, and height was increased from exposure 6 to 9 WAE due to decreased fruit set after exposure. Total hand-harvested yield was reduced from 2,4-D exposure 3, 5 to 8, and 13 WAE. Growth stage at time of exposure influenced the distribution of yield by node and position. Yield on lower and inner fruiting sites generally decreased from exposure, and yield partitioned to vegetative or aborted positions and upper fruiting sites increased. Reductions in gin turnout, micronaire, fiber length, fiber-length uniformity, and fiber elongation were observed after exposure at certain growth stages, but the overall effects on fiber properties were small. These results indicate that cotton is most sensitive to low concentrations of 2,4-D during late vegetative and squaring growth stages.

Download Full-text

Effect of lignite humic acid on soil nutrient availability at different growth stages of rice grown on Vertisols and Alfisols

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.52.2004.3.3 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 227-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Nandakumar ◽

A. Saravanan ◽

P. Singaram ◽

B. Chandrasekaran

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Research Station ◽

Soil Nutrient Availability ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Soil Application

Field experiments were conducted with rice (ADT-39) during the wet Kharif season (July- October 2001) at two locations, the Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute (TRRI) farm, Aduthurai (Vertisol) and the Agricultural Research Station (ARS) farm, Pattukkottai (Alfisol), representing the old and new delta areas of the Cauvery, respectively. The same set of treatments was followed in both soils. The treatments consisted of the recommended NPK fertilizer application at 75% and 100% alone, and 10 or 20 kg ha-1 humic acid (HA) in combination with NPK fertilizers as soil application, besides an integrated method involving soil application, root dipping and foliar spraying with humic acid and NPK fertilizers. initial soil samples from the experimental fields were analysed for physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties. Surface soil samples were collected at critical growth stages and analysed for various available nutrients. The results of the field experiments revealed that the application of humic acid along with inorganic fertilizers led to higher soil nutrient availability at all the growth stages of rice. Similar results were obtained in both Vertisol and Alfisol. The present investigation concluded that the best treatment for soil nutrient availability was 10 kg ha-1 HA (soil application) + 0.1% HA foliar spray (twice) + 0.3% HA root dipping + 100% NPK, which was on par with the treatment involving 20 kg ha-1 HA (soil application) + 100% NPK compared to the other treatments.

Download Full-text

Actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under semiarid climate

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2019.1059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Koffi Djaman ◽

Daran R. Rudnick ◽

Yonnelle D. Moukoumbi ◽

Abdoulaye Sow ◽

Suat Irmak

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Dry Season ◽

River Valley ◽

Rice Production ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Research Station ◽

Senegal River ◽

Crop Coefficients

Lowland irrigated rice is the predominant crop produced in the Senegal River Valley characterised by very low annual rainfall, high temperatures, and low relative humidity. The Senegal River is shared by Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, and Guinea, and serves as the main source of irrigation water for the adopted double rice cropping system. Developing appropriate resource management strategies might be the key factor for the sustainability of rice production in the region. This study aims to estimate rice seasonal evapotranspiration (ETa), irrigation water requirement, and to develop rice growth stage specific crop coefficients (Kc) to improve rice water productivity. Field experiments were conducted during the hot and dry seasons in 2014 and 2015 at the AfricaRice research station at Fanaye in Senegal. Irrigation water inputs were monitored and actual crop evapotranspiration was derived using the water balance method. Daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation and the weather variables were collected at the site by an automated weather station. The results showed that the ETo during the hot and dry season from February 15th to June 30th varied from 4.5 to 9.9 mm and from 3.7 to 10.8 mm in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and averaged 6.8 mm d–1 in 2014 and 6.6 mm d–1 in 2015. The seasonal irrigation water amount for the transplanted rice was 1110 mm in 2014 and 1095 mm in 2015. Rice daily ETa varied from 4.7 to 10.5 mm in 2014 and from 4.4 to 10.5 mm in 2015 and averaged 8.17 mm in 2014 and 8.14 mm in 2015. Rice seasonal ETa was 841.5 mm in 2014 and 855.4 mm in 2015. The derived rice Kc values varied from 0.77 to 1.51 in 2014 and 0.85 to 1.50 in 2015. Rice Kc values averaged 1.01, 1.31, and 1.12 for the crop development, mid-season and late season growth stages, respectively. The Kc values developed in this study could be used for water management under rice production during the hot and dry season in the Senegal River Valley.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of dryland grain sorghum at Katherine, Northern Territory. 2. Effect of rate and source of phosphorus fertilizer

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9780564 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 18 (93) ◽

pp. 564 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

RJK Myers

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Diammonium Phosphate ◽

Yield Response ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Monoammonium Phosphate ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Field experiments were conducted at Katherine, Northern Territory, in 1970-71 and 1971 -72 to examine responses of dryland grain sorghum to applied phosphorus at different growth stages. In the first, the effect of rate of application up to 100 kg P ha-1 as triple superphosphate was investigated. Growth responses to phosphorus were noted from mid-elongation onwards, but the magnitude of response varied between seasons, being greater in the higher rainfall season 1970-71. Maximum yields of grain were 7730 kg ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1 in 1970-71, and 4440 kg ha-1 with 100 kg P ha-1 in 1971-72, which were increases of 49 and 37 per cent respectively over the appropriate zero phosphorus treatment. These suggested an increased requirement for phosphorus over previous recommendations. Phosphorus reduced the time from emergence to anthesis from 68 to 60 and from 70 to 63 days respectively in the two seasons. About half of the plant phosphorus was taken up after anthesis. It was concluded from soil analysis that phosphate-treated plots had an enhanced supply of phosphorus throughout the period of crop growth. In the second study, four phosphorus sources (superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate) were compared. With 25 kg P ha-1 and with constant nitrogen, grain yield response followed the order superphosphate > monoammonium phosphate > diammonium phosphate > triple superphosphate in both years. Triple superphosphate tended to give lower dry matter yields and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the other three sources.

Download Full-text

Cotton Growth and Yield Response to Simulated 2,4-D and Dicamba Drift

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-061.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 503-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

John D. Everitt ◽

J. Wayne Keeling

Keyword(s):

Good Predictor ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Late Season ◽

Crop Injury

Field experiments were conducted in Hale Co., TX, in 2005 and 2006 to determine the effects of 2,4-D amine and dicamba applied at varying rates and growth stages on cotton growth and yield, and to correlate cotton injury levels and lint yield reductions. Dicamba or 2,4-D amine was applied at four growth stages including cotyledon to two-leaf, four- to five-leaf, pinhead square, and early bloom. Dicamba and 2,4-D amine were applied at 1/2, 1/20, 1/200, and 1/2000 of the recommended use rate. Crop injury was recorded at 14 days after treatments and late-season, and cotton lint yields were determined. Across all growth stages, 2,4-D caused more crop injury and yield loss than dicamba. Cotton lint was reduced more by later applications (especially pinhead square) and injury underestimated yield loss with 2,4-D. Visual estimates of injury overestimated yield loss when 2,4-D or dicamba was applied early (cotyledon to two leaf) and was not a good predictor of yield loss.

Download Full-text

Dynamic analysis of the impact of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on biomass and N uptake in two contrasting genotypes of rice

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp17278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 696 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jingjing Wu ◽

Herbert J. Kronzucker ◽

Weiming Shi

Keyword(s):

Elevated Co2 ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

N Uptake ◽

Yield Response ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Total N ◽

The Impact

Elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) in the atmosphere often increase photosynthetic rates and crop yields. However, the degree of the CO2 enhancement varies substantially among cultivars and with growth stage. Here, we examined the responses of two rice cultivars, Wuyunjing23 (WYJ) and IIyou084 (IIY), to two [CO2] (~400 vs ~600) and two nitrogen (N) provision conditions at five growth stages. In general, both seed yield and aboveground biomass were more responsive to elevated [CO2] in IIY than WYJ. However, the responses significantly changed at different N levels and growth stages. At the low N input, yield response to elevated [CO2] was negligible in both cultivars while, at the normal input, yield in IIY was 18.8% higher under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2]. Also, responses to elevated [CO2] significantly differed among various growth stages. Elevated [CO2] tended to increase aboveground plant biomass in both cultivars at the panicle initiation (PI) and the heading stages, but this effect was significant only in IIY by the mid-ripening and the grain maturity stages. In contrast, CO2 enhancement of root biomass only occurred in IIY. Elevated [CO2] increased both total N uptake and seed N in IIY but only increased seed N in WYJ, indicating that it enhanced N translocation to seeds in both cultivars but promoted plant N acquisition only in IIY. Root C accumulation and N uptake also exhibited stronger responses in IIY than in WYJ, particularly at the heading stage, which may play a pivotal role in seed filling and seed yield. Our results showed that the more effective use of CO2 in IIY compared with WYJ results in a strong response in root growth, nitrogen uptake, and in yield. These findings suggest that selection of [CO2]-responsive rice cultivars may help optimise the rice yield under future [CO2] scenarios.

Download Full-text

Rice phenology and growth simulation using CERES-Rice model under the agro-climate of upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v67i3.1374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 591-598

Author(s):

R. L. DEKA ◽

R. HUSSAIN ◽

K. K. SINGH ◽

A. K. BAXLA ◽

V. U. M. RAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Strategic Decision ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Growth Simulation ◽

Brahmaputra Valley ◽

Agricultural Planning ◽

Tactical Decisions

Crop growth simulation models, properly validated against experimental data have the potential for facilitating strategic decision making in agriculture. Such validated models can also make use of the information generated for site specific experiments and trials to other sites and for different time durations. For proper calibration and evaluation of crop simulation models, there is a need for collection of a comprehensive minimum set of data on soil, weather and crop management in all agronomic experiments. Keeping this in view, data from seven field experiments conducted at Jorhat (26° 47' N, 94°12' E; 87 m amsl) during 1998-2005 for long duration rice cultivar Ranjit grown under rainfed conditions were collected. Genetic coefficients required for running the CERES-Rice v4.5 model were derived and the performance of the model under the climate of upper Brahmaputra valley was evaluated. These results indicate that the CERES Rice v4.5 model is capable of estimating growth stages and grain yield of rice cultivar Ranjit in the climatic conditions of upper Brahmaputra valley with reasonable accuracy. Hence, the model have the potential for its use as a tool in making various strategic and tactical decisions related to agricultural planning in the state.

Download Full-text

Effect of Growth Stage on Cotton Response to a Sublethal Concentration of Dicamba

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.95 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John T. Buol ◽

Daniel B. Reynolds ◽

Darrin M. Dodds ◽

J. Anthony Mills ◽

Robert L. Nichols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Crop Maturity ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

AbstractThe introduction of auxin herbicide weed control systems has led to increased occurrence of crop injury in susceptible soybeans and cotton. Off-target exposure to sublethal concentrations of dicamba can occur at varying growth stages, which may affect crop response. Field experiments were conducted in Mississippi in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to characterize cotton response to a sublethal concentration of dicamba equivalent to 1/16X the labeled rate. Weekly applications of dicamba at 35 g ae ha−1were made to separate sets of replicated plots immediately following planting until 14 wk after emergence (WAE). Exposure to dicamba from 1 to 9 WAE resulted in up to 32% visible injury, and exposure from 7 to 10 WAE delayed crop maturity. Exposure from 8 to 10 and 13 WAE led to increased cotton height, while an 18% reduction in machine-harvested yield resulted from exposure at 6 WAE. Cotton exposure at 3 to 9 WAE reduced the seed cotton weight partitioned to position 1 fruiting sites, while exposure at 3 to 6 WAE also reduced yield in position 2 fruiting sites. Exposure at 2, 3, and 5 to 7 WAE increased the percent of yield partitioned to vegetative branches. An increase in percent of yield partitioned to plants with aborted terminals occurred following exposure from 3 to 7 WAE and corresponded with reciprocal decreases in yield partitioned to positional fruiting sites. Minimal effects were observed on fiber quality, except for decreases in fiber length uniformity resulting from exposure at 9 and 10 WAE.

Download Full-text

Effect of imazamethabenz on green foxtail, tartary buckwheat and wild oat at different growth stages

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-116 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 821-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. N. Harker ◽

P. A. O'Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Tartary Buckwheat ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Research Station ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted at the Lacombe Research Station to determine the influence of growth stage on the control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum (L.) Gaertn.) with imazamethabenz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In greenhouse experiments, the effct of imazamethabenz on canola (Brassica campestris L.) or green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) at two growth stages was also studied. Canola and wild oat were highly susceptible, Tartary buckwheat was somewhat less susceptible, and green foxtail was rather tolerant to imazamethabenz. Imazamethabenz was much more effective on early growth stages of wild oat (2 leaf) and Tartary buckwheat (1–2 leaf), whereas the control of canola and the suppression of green foxtail was much less dependent on growth stage. Linear regression equations were developed to describe the response of the above species to the imazamethabenz treatments. Key words: AC 222, 293; phenology; regression; Setaria viridis; Fagopyrum tartaricum; Avena fatua

Download Full-text

Response of Acetolactate Synthase–Resistant Grain Sorghum to Nicosulfuron Plus Rimsulfuron

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-09-00061.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 411-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Shane Hennigh ◽

Kassim Al-Khatib ◽

Mitchell R. Tuinstra

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Sorghum Grain

The lack of POST herbicides to control grasses in grain sorghum prompted researchers to develop acetolactate synthase (ALS)–resistant grain sorghum. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the differential response of ALS-resistant grain sorghum to POST application of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied at three growth stages. ALS-resistant grain sorghum was treated with 0, 13 + 7, 26 + 13, 39 + 20, 52 + 26, 65 + 33, 78 + 39, and 91 + 46 g ai ha−1of nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron when plants were at the three- to five-leaf, seven- to nine-leaf, or 11- to 13-leaf stage. In general, as nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron rates increased, visible injury increased at the three- to five-leaf and seven- to nine-leaf stages. Injury was greatest 1 wk after treatment for the three- to five-leaf and seven- to nine-leaf stages across all ratings, and plants then began to recover. No injury was observed at any rating time for the 11- to 13-leaf stage. Plant height and sorghum grain yield were reduced as nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron rates increased when applied at the three- to five-leaf stage. However, nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron applied at the seven- to nine-leaf and 11- to 13-leaf stages did not decrease sorghum yield. This research indicated that nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron application at the three- to five-leaf stage injured ALS-resistant grain sorghum; however, application at the seven- to nine-leaf or 11- to 13-leaf stages did not result in grain yield reduction.

Download Full-text