Low Self-Esteem as a Risk Factor for Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle-Sophie O. Colmsee ◽  
Petra Hank ◽  
Michael Bošnjak
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Pathological Eating

Abstract. Eating disorders are a major health concern and the identification of relevant risk factors is crucial for prevention. This meta-analysis aims to give insight into the relevance of low self-esteem in the development of pathological eating. Longitudinal and partial correlations were synthesized in a random-effects multilevel model. In total, 25 effect sizes were obtained from 13 primary studies. These mainly included females from late childhood to young adulthood. The results reveal a practically relevant effect of self-esteem on eating disorders ( r = −.23, ρ = −.09). This effect was significantly larger for females and for shorter time periods between measurements. Additionally, self-esteem and eating disorders are both temporally stable. It is concluded that low self-esteem acts as a universal risk factor for different eating disorders. Limitations are due to the reliance on bivariate correlations and a small number of effect sizes. The necessity of more high-quality research in this field is discussed.

scholarly journals Social anxiety in the eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2477-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Kerr-Gaffney ◽  
Amy Harrison ◽  
Kate Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder is one of the most common comorbid conditions in eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the current review and meta-analysis is to provide a qualitative summary of what is known about social anxiety (SA) in EDs, as well as to compare levels of SA in those with EDs and healthy controls. Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies using self-report measures of SA in ED populations. In total, 38 studies were identified, 12 of which were included in the meta-analyses. For both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa, there were significant differences between ED groups and HCs, with medium to large effect sizes. Findings from the qualitative review indicate that levels of SA are similar across the ED diagnoses, and SA improves with treatment in AN. In addition, high levels of SA are associated with more severe ED psychopathology, but not body mass index. These findings add to the wider literature on socio-emotional functioning in EDs, and may have implications for treatment strategies.

Is Pornography Consumption a Risk Factor for Condomless Sex?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 273-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Tokunaga ◽  
Paul J Wright ◽  
Laurens Vangeel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
Pornography Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pornography Use

Abstract This paper presents meta-analytic findings on the association between pornography consumption and condomless sex. Results were based on 45 reports spanning two decades. Data from 18 countries, with a participant total of over 35,000, were located. Higher levels of pornography consumption were associated with an elevated likelihood of engaging in condomless sex. A model-based meta-analysis did not support the viewpoint that the pornography use–condomless sex association is spurious and confounded by sensation seeking. Instead, a path analysis suggested that pornography use energizes consumers' sensation seeking desires, in turn making them more likely to engage in condomless sex. Although the results indicated homogeneity of effect sizes across most contexts tested, the type of pornography content consumed moderated the pornography use–condomless sex relationship. Viewing pornography that does not show condoms was associated with an increased risk for having sex without condoms, whereas consuming pornography showing condoms was unrelated to sexual risk.

Peer and family influence in eating disorders: A meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Quiles Marcos ◽  
M.J. Quiles Sebastián ◽  
L. Pamies Aubalat ◽  
J. Botella Ausina ◽  
J. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Dieting Behavior ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
Eating Practices

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to undertake a systematic review using meta-analysis procedures to assess the relationships between eating disorders and peer and family influence and to evaluate whether gender plays a moderator role in that relationship.MethodPsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, EPSCO and Embase databases from 1980 to 2010 were searched in June and October 2010. Hand searching of relevant reference sections was also undertaken.ResultsIt was possible to obtain 83 effect sizes from the 25 studies selected. Results showed that both peers and family influence dieting behavior, body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms in adolescent girls and boys. Furthermore, the analyses of the moderator variables showed that the variability of the effect sizes found was, in some cases, explained by gender, influence type and the country of the sample.Discussion and conclusionThese results highlight how daily social interactions can influence unhealthy eating practices in adolescent girls and boys, and suggest that weight-related issues of parents and peers can be transmitted to adolescents.

scholarly journals Correlations of online social network size with well-being and distress: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiungjung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Anxiety Depression

This meta-analysis examines the correlations of the number of social network site (SNS) friends with well-being and distress, based on 90 articles consisting of 98 independent samples on correlations of online social network size (OSNS) with happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, combined anxiety and depression, loneliness, social anxiety, social loneliness, well-being and distress. The correlations between OSNS and well-being indicators are positively weak (from .06 to .15), whereas those for distress indicators are inconclusive (from -.19 to .08). Studies recording the OSNS based on the participant profile have larger mean effect sizes for well-being (.21) and self-esteem (.31) than those based on self-reporting (.06 and .05, respectively). The correlation between OSNS and self-esteem is stronger in samples with a smaller mean network size.

scholarly journals Morbid exercise behaviour and eating disorders: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-224
Author(s):  
Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez ◽  
Adrian Paterna ◽  
Álvaro Sicilia ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Exercise Behaviour ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground and aimsThis study examined the relationship between self-reported symptoms of morbid exercise behaviour (MEB) and eating disorders (ED) using meta-analytic techniques.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus. Random effects models were used to compute pooled effect sizes estimates (r). The robustness of the summarized estimates was examined through sensitivity analyses by removing studies one at a time.ResultsSixty-six studies comprising 135 effect-sizes (N = 21,816) were included. The results revealed: (a) small-sized relationship in the case of bulimic symptoms (r = 0.19), (b) small- (r = 0.28) to medium-sized relationships (r = 0.41) in the case of body/eating concerns, and (c) medium-sized relationships in the case of overall ED symptoms (r = 0.35) and dietary restraint (r = 0.42). Larger effect sizes were observed in the case of overall ED symptoms in clinical, younger, and thinner populations, as well as when employing a continuously-scored instrument for assessing ED or the Compulsive Exercise Test for assessing MEB. Larger effect sizes were also found in female samples when the ED outcome was dietary restraint.ConclusionsThe identified gaps in the literature suggest that future research on the topic may benefit from: (a) considering a range of clinical (in terms of diagnosed ED) and non-clinical populations from diverse exercise modalities, (b) addressing a wide range of ED symptomatology, and (c) employing longitudinal designs that clarify the temporal direction of the relationship under consideration.

scholarly journals Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Kuck ◽  
Lara Cafitz ◽  
Paul-Christian Bürkner ◽  
Laura Hoppen ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity

Abstract Objective Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with low self-esteem. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem in individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, community or student samples, and cosmetic surgery patients. Moreover, the role of depressive symptom severity in this relationship and other moderating factors were investigated. Methods A keyword-based literature search was performed to identify studies in which BDD symptoms and global self-esteem were assessed. Random effects meta-analysis of Fisher’s z-transformed correlations and partial correlations controlling for the influence of depressive symptom severity was conducted. In addition to meta-analysis of the observed effects, we corrected the individual correlations for variance restrictions to address varying ranges of BDD symptom severity across samples. Results Twenty-five studies with a total of 6278 participants were included. A moderately negative relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem was found (r = −.42, CI = [−.48, −.35] for uncorrected correlations, r = −.45, CI = [−.51, −.39] for artifact-corrected correlations). A meta-analysis of partial correlations revealed that depressive symptom severity could partly account for the aforementioned relationship (pr = −.20, CI = [−.25, −.15] for uncorrected partial correlations, pr = −.23, CI = [−.28, −.17] for artifact-corrected partial correlations). The sample type (e.g., individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, or community samples) and diagnosis of BDD appeared to moderate the relationship only before artifact correction of effect sizes, whereas all moderators were non-significant in the meta-analysis of artifact-corrected correlations. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that low self-esteem is an important hallmark of BDD beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. It appears that negative evaluation in BDD is not limited to appearance but also extends to other domains of the self. Altogether, our findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-esteem and corresponding core beliefs in prevention and treatment of BDD.

Self-Esteem, Self-Disclosure, Self-Expression, and Connection on Facebook: A Collaborative Replication Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Charles Leighton ◽  
Nicole Legate ◽  
Sara LePine ◽  
Samantha Anderson ◽  
Jon E. Grahe
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Highly Cited

This replication meta-analysis explored the robustness of a highly cited study showing that those with low self-esteem perceived benefits for self-disclosure through Facebook compared to face-to-face interactions (i.e., Forest & Wood, 2012, Study 1). Seven pre-registered direct replication attempts of this study were conducted by research teams as part of the Collaborative Replication and Education Project (CREP), and results were meta-analyzed to better understand the strength and consistency of the effects reported in the original study. Half of the original results were clearly supported: Self-esteem negatively predicted perceived safety of self-disclosure on Facebook as compared to face-to-face interactions (meta-analytic effect size = -.28, original effect size = -.31), and self-esteem did not relate to perceived opportunities for self-expression (across the seven replications, all 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for effect sizes included zero). However, two other findings received less support: Self-esteem only weakly and inconsistently predicted perceived advantages of self-disclosure on Facebook (meta analytic effect size = -.16, original effect size = -.30), and contrary to the original study, there was no evidence for self-esteem predicting perceived opportunities for connection with others on Facebook (six of the seven replication effect size CIs contained zero). The results provided further evidence regarding the original study’s generalizability and robustness. The implications of the research and its relevance to social compensation theory is presented, and considerations for future multi-site replications are proposed.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARION E. ROBERTS ◽  
KATE TCHANTURIA ◽  
DANIEL STAHL ◽  
LAURA SOUTHGATE ◽  
JANET TREASURE
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sort Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Standardized Effect Sizes ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim was to critically appraise and synthesize the literature relating to set-shifting ability in eating disorders. PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched to December 2005. Hand searching of eating-disorder journals and relevant reference sections was also undertaken.MethodThe 15 selected studies contained both eating disorder and healthy control groups, and employed at least one of the following six neuropsychological measures of set-shifting ability; Trail Making Test (TMT), Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), Brixton task, Haptic Illusion, CatBat task, or the set-shifting subset of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The outcome variable was performance on the set-shifting aspect of the task. Pooled standardized mean differences (effect sizes) were calculated.ResultsTMT, WCST, CatBat and Haptic tasks had sufficient sample sizes for meta-analysis. These four tasks yielded acceptable pooled standardized effect sizes (0·36; TMT −1·05; Haptic) with moderate variation within studies (as measured by confidence intervals). The Brixton task showed a small pooled mean difference, and displayed more variation between sample results. The effect size for CANTAB set shifting was 0·17.ConclusionProblems in set shifting as measured by a variety of neuropsychological tasks are present in people with eating disorders.

A Meta-Analysis of Heavyweight and Self-Esteem

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol T. Miller ◽  
Kathryn T. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Perceived Weight

This study is a meta-analysis of the relation of heavyweight and self-esteem. We examined this relation in studies thatfocused on participants' actual body weight (assessed by physical measures or self-reports of weight and height) and studies thatfocused on self-perceived degree of heavyweight or body dissatisfaction. The overall mean effect size was moderate (r = -.18, d = -.36), with lower self-esteem associated with heavier weight. The correlation between self-esteem and weight was higher for studies of self-perceived weight than for studies of actual weight. Consistent with predictions about cultural and group differences, effect sizes were smaller for low socioeconomic status (SES) samples, ethnic minority samples, and nonclinical samples than for high SES, nonminority, and clinical samples, respectively. In addition, effect sizes were larger for women than for men and for high school and college students than for children. Discussion centered on cultural, group, and individual differences that may influence the consequences on self-esteem of violating standards for appropriate body weight.

scholarly journals Cosmetic Surgery and Self-esteem in South Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoo Yoon ◽  
Young A. Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Appearance Management ◽  
Relevant Variables

Abstract Purpose Advances in medical technology coupled with rapid growth of web-based mass media and social networking services have considerably increased public access to cosmetic surgery. In South Korea, in particular, the number of people undergoing cosmetic surgery has been rapidly increasing, and studies related to cosmetic surgery have markedly increased. We report an integrative review of studies examining the relationship between cosmetic surgery and self-esteem in Korea. We aimed to identify relevant variables and determine their overall effect sizes. Methods This study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two researchers separately performed the literature search, selected 16 papers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed them. Results Of the 16 papers on cosmetic surgery and self-esteem, 5 (33.3%) involved both men and women, and the remaining 11 (66.7%) involved only women. The respondents included teenagers and adults. The total number of respondents was 6296, with an average of 393.5 per paper. Most studies (n = 13, 81.3%) used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Self-esteem was correlated with variables grouped into the following six categories: appearance management intention, cosmetic surgery intention, sociocultural attitude, body satisfaction, BMI, and stress. The effect sizes from the meta-analysis with correlation coefficients were 0.157, − 0.118, 0.023, 0.175, − 0.045, and − 0.085. Conclusions Among the relevant variables categorized in this study, sociocultural attitude, BMI, and stress showed weak effect sizes, and the appearance management intention, cosmetic surgery intention, and body satisfaction categories showed intermediate effect sizes. The results of this study are expected to serve as a concrete basis for the development of strategies to minimize the adverse effects of the ever-growing cosmetic surgery industry. This information can help elucidate the psychologic characteristics of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery and contribute to optimal medical outcomes. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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