Teamwork in the time of COVID-19: Creating, dissolving, and reactivating network ties in response to a crisis.

ABSTRACT This study examines (1) whether network ties help explain variation in tax avoidance, and (2) how the relation between network ties and tax avoidance varies depending on the nature and context of those ties. We posit that information on a range of tax-avoidance strategies is shared among firms through their social network connections. Using board interlocks to proxy for these connections, we find that firms with greater board ties to low-tax firms have lower cash ETRs themselves. Ties to low-tax firms are more influential when the focal firm and its network partner are operationally and strategically similar, as are ties created by executive directors. Board ties to low-tax firms are also more influential when the focal firm and its network partner engage the same local auditor. Overall, our results suggest that the influence of firms' network ties on their tax-avoidance behavior depends on the character of those ties.

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Conflict, Population Movement, and Microscale Social Networks in Northern Iroquoian Archaeology

American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/aaq.2021.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 350-367

Author(s):

Jennifer Birch ◽

John P. Hart

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Sixteenth Century ◽

Lake Ontario ◽

Population Movement ◽

Network Ties ◽

The West ◽

Local Networks ◽

North Shore ◽

The North ◽

Specific Sequences

We employ social network analysis of collar decoration on Iroquoian vessels to conduct a multiscalar analysis of signaling practices among ancestral Huron-Wendat communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Our analysis focuses on the microscale of the West Duffins Creek community relocation sequence as well as the mesoscale, incorporating several populations to the west. The data demonstrate that network ties were stronger among populations in adjacent drainages as opposed to within drainage-specific sequences, providing evidence for west-to-east population movement, especially as conflict between Wendat and Haudenosaunee populations escalated in the sixteenth century. These results suggest that although coalescence may have initially involved the incorporation of peoples from microscale (local) networks, populations originating among wider mesoscale (subregional) networks contributed to later coalescent communities. These findings challenge previous models of village relocation and settlement aggregation that oversimplified these processes.

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Does positive workplace gossip help socialize newcomers? A dual‐pathway model based on network ties

PsyCh Journal ◽

10.1002/pchj.468 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Boqiang Zong ◽

Lihua Zhang ◽

Xixi Chu ◽

Jinzhao Qu

Keyword(s):

Pathway Model ◽

Network Ties ◽

Model Based ◽

Dual Pathway

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Connectivity and growth: Financial centres in investment banking networks

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x211026318 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0308518X2110263

Author(s):

Vladimír Pažitka ◽

Michael Urban ◽

Dariusz Wójcik

Keyword(s):

Capital Market ◽

Financial Services ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Equity Capital ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Network Ties ◽

Urban Network ◽

Financial Centre ◽

Endogenous Regressors

We investigate the effect of urban network connectivity on the growth of financial centres. While existing research recognises the importance of network connectivity to firms, clusters as well as city regions, large-sample empirical evidence is currently scarce, particularly in the context of financial services. We contribute to this debate by studying underwriting of equity and debt securities, which represent some of the core activities of financial centres. We operationalise our analysis using a proprietary dataset collated from Dealogic Equity Capital Market and Debt Capital Market databases covering over 1.7 million interactions of investment banks with issuers across 540 cities globally during the 1993–2016 period. We estimate our regression equations using the system generalised method of moments estimator, which allows us to obtain consistent coefficient estimates on potentially endogenous regressors, including network connectivity variables. We identify a clear pattern of a positive association between network centrality of financial centres and their growth. We distinguish between intracity and intercity network connectivity and find that financial centres with a larger number of intercity network ties and assortative intracity networks grow faster, while intracity network density does not appear to affect financial centre growth. Our results on intercity network ties are broadly consistent with established knowledge of cluster networks. In contrast, our findings on financial centres' intracity networks contradict previous research that suggests that dense and disassortative intracluster networks aid economic performance of clusters.

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Evaluating the Role of Government Collaboration in the Perceived Performance of Community-Based Nonprofits: Three Propositions

Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory ◽

10.1093/jopart/muaa059 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José Nederhand

Keyword(s):

The Political ◽

Network Ties ◽

Community Based ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Perceived Performance ◽

Political Network ◽

And Performance ◽

Nonprofit Collaboration ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The topic of government-nonprofit collaboration continues to be much-discussed in the literature. However, there has been little consensus on whether and how collaborating with government is beneficial for the performance of community-based nonprofits. This article examines three dominant theoretical interpretations of the relationship between collaboration and performance: collaboration is necessary for the performance of nonprofits; the absence of collaboration is necessary for the performance of nonprofits; and the effect of collaboration is contingent on the nonprofits’ bridging and bonding network ties. Building on the ideas of governance, nonprofit, and social capital in their respective literature, this article uses set-theoretic methods (fsQCA) to conceptualize and test their relationship. Results show the pivotal role of the nonprofit’s network ties in mitigating the effects of either collaborating or abstaining from collaborating with government. Particularly, the political network ties of nonprofits are crucial to explaining the relationship between collaboration and performance. The evidence demonstrates the value of studying collaboration processes in context.

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Community-based disaster communication: how does it become trustworthy?

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-02-2016-0026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 478-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dwie Irmawaty Gultom

Keyword(s):

Disaster Response ◽

Information Diffusion ◽

Weak Ties ◽

Network Ties ◽

Community Based ◽

Strong Ties ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Level ◽

Disaster Communication ◽

Disaster Information

Purpose – Trust in disaster communication is significant because a lack of trust will prevent the transformation of information into usable knowledge for an effective disaster response. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how the culture and network ties of an affected community can encourage trust and participation in disaster communication. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study of Jalin Merapi (JM) was conducted by interviewing 33 research participants in the Mt Merapi surroundings. Findings – The findings indicate that culture-embedded disaster communication plays important roles in increasing the effectiveness of disaster information and encouraging trust in the authenticity of locally based disaster information at the individual level. The findings also identify that strong ties and weak ties play different roles in disaster communication. The strong ties are more effective in facilitating information diffusion and encourage trust and community participation within the affected community. Furthermore, the weak ties are more effective in disseminating information to wider audiences, and have an indirect influence in encouraging trust by extending the offline social network owned by the affected community. Originality/value – Most literature on disaster communication focusses on the construction of disaster messages to encourage effective disaster response. Less attention has been paid to the information receivers regarding how disaster information is considered to be trustworthy by the affected community and how it can increase collective participation in community-based disaster communication.

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The Network Structure of Police Misconduct

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023119879798 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 237802311987979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George Wood ◽

Daria Roithmayr ◽

Andrew V. Papachristos

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Network Structure ◽

Police Officers ◽

Police Misconduct ◽

Police Departments ◽

Top Down ◽

Network Ties ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Using Data

Conventional explanations of police misconduct generally adopt a microlevel focus on deviant officers or a macrolevel focus on the top-down organization of police departments. Between these levels are social networks of misconduct. This study recreates these networks using data on 16,503 complaints and 15,811 police officers over a six-year period in Chicago. We examine individual-level factors associated with receiving a complaint, the basic properties of these misconduct networks, and factors related to officer co-naming in complaints. We find that the incidence of police misconduct is associated with attributes including race, age, and tenure and that almost half of police officers are connected in misconduct ties in broader networks of misconduct. We also find that certain dyadic factors, especially seniority and race, strongly predict network ties and the incidence of group misconduct. Our results provide actionable information regarding possible ways to leverage the co-complaint network structure to reduce misconduct.

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