National Panel Releases New Guidelines to Help Smokers Quit: For the First Time, Counseling Recognized as Effective Treatment for Young Smokers

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals Exceptionally Long Covalent CC Bonds—A Local Vibrational Mode Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Alexis Antoinette Ann Delgado ◽  
Alan Humason ◽  
Robert Kalescky ◽  
Marek Freindorf ◽  
Elfi Kraka
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Radical Cation ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Force Constants ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Local Vibrational Mode ◽  
Negative Hyperconjugation ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
First Time

For decades one has strived to synthesize a compound with the longest covalent C−C bond applying predominantly steric hindrance and/or strain to achieve this goal. On the other hand electronic effects have been added to the repertoire, such as realized in the electron deficient ethane radical cation in its D3d form. Recently, negative hyperconjugation effects occurring in diamino-o-carborane analogs such as di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane have been held responsible for their long C−C bonds. In this work we systematically analyzed CC bonding in a diverse set of 53 molecules including clamped bonds, highly sterically strained complexes such as diamondoid dimers, electron deficient species, and di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane to cover the whole spectrum of possibilities for elongating a covalent C−C bond to the limit. As a quantitative intrinsic bond strength measure, we utilized local vibrational CC stretching force constants ka(CC) and related bond strength orders BSO n(CC), computed at the ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Our systematic study quantifies for the first time that whereas steric hindrance and/or strain definitely elongate a C−C bond, electronic effects can lead to even longer and weaker C−C bonds. Within our set of molecules the electron deficient ethane radical cation, in D3d symmetry, acquires the longest C−C bond with a length of 1.935 Å followed by di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane with a bond length of 1.930 Å. However, the C−C bond in di-N,N-dimethylamino-o-carborane is the weakest with a BSO n value of 0.209 compared to 0.286 for the ethane radical cation; another example that the longer bond is not always the weaker bond. Based on our findings we provide new guidelines for the general characterization of CC bonds based on local vibrational CC stretching force constants and for future design of compounds with long C−C bonds.

scholarly journals Revisiting Proofreading in Higher Education: Toward an Institutional Response to Editors Canada’s Guidelines for Ethical Editing of Student Texts

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Writing Students ◽  
University Instructors ◽  
Premier Cycle ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
A Site ◽  
First Time

Anglosphere universities are a site of growing concern about students’ use of professional English language editing and proofreading services for the correction of academic writing. Students’ use of such services raises issues of ethics and academic integrity as well as fundamental questions about how value is allotted to the labour involved in producing written texts and providing writing instruction. In addition, the term proofreading is ambiguous, obscuring the extent to which proofreaders intervene in students’ written texts. Although much attention has been focused on graduate students’ use of proofreading services, there is growing recognition that some undergraduates receive proofreading as well. In response to these issues, Editors Canada (2018) has recently released new guidelines for ethical editing of student texts that, for the first time, delineate standards for professional editing of both undergraduate and graduate students’ writing. These guidelines are effective in clarifying acceptable practices for editors, students, and university instructors, yet they apply only to students who seek proofreading from an Editors Canada affiliate. This essay summarizes key considerations in the proofreading debate with the aim of encouraging the development of clearer institutional and classroom policies on proofreading that will complement the Editors Canada guidelines and apply to all students. Les universités de l’anglosphère s’inquiètent de plus en plus de l’utilisation que font les étudiants et étudiantes de services professionnels de révision et de correction pour leurs textes académiques de langue anglaise. Le recours à de tels services de la part des étudiants soulève  des questions d’éthique et d’intégrité académique en plus de questionnements fondamentaux sur l’attribution de la valeur accordée au travail exigé pour la production de textes écrits et l’enseignement de l’écriture. Qui plus est, le terme de correction est ambigu puisqu’il ne permet pas de déterminer dans quelle mesure les correcteurs interviennent dans les textes écrits des étudiants. Si on accorde une attention grandissante au recours des étudiants de cycle supérieur aux services de correction, on reconnaît de plus en plus que certains étudiants de premier cycle y font appel eux aussi. En réponse à ces questions, Réviseurs Canada (2018) a récemment publié de nouvelles directives pour la révision éthique de textes rédigés par des étudiants qui délimitent pour la première fois les normes applicables à la révision professionnelle de textes d’étudiants de premier cycle et de cycle supérieur. Ces normes définissent clairement les pratiques acceptables chez les réviseurs, les étudiants, et les enseignants universitaires, mais elles s’appliquent uniquement aux étudiants qui recourent à des services de correction de texte affiliés à Réviseurs Canada. Le présent essai résume les principales considérations du débat sur la correction de texte dans le but de permettre d’offrir aux établissements et aux salles de classe des politiques de correction plus claires susceptibles de compléter les directives de Réviseurs Canada et de s’appliquer à l’ensemble de la population étudiante.

scholarly journals Rapid Prediction of Possible Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using Docking and FPL Simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Minh Quan ◽  
Khanh B. Vu ◽  
T. Ngoc Han Pham ◽  
Le Thi Thuy Huong ◽  
Linh Hoang Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Autodock Vina ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Rapid Prediction ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
First Time

Appearance for the first time from Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 rapidly outbreaks worldwide and causes a serious global health issue. The effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 is still unavailable. Therefore, in this work, we have tried to rapidly predict a list of potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) using a combination of molecular docking and fast pulling of ligand (FPL) simulations. The approaches were initially validated over a set of eleven available inhibitors. Both Autodock Vina and FPL calculations adopted good consistent results with the respective experiment with correlation coefficients of R_Dock=0.72 ± 0.14 and R_W = -0.76 ± 0.10, respectively. The combined approaches were then utilized to predict possible inhibitors, which were selected from a ZINC15 sub-database, for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Twenty compounds were suggested to be able to bind well to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The obtained results probably lead to enhance COVID-19 therapy.

scholarly journals Crisaborole: Application Pain and Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Madison Anzelc ◽  
Craig G. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4 ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sensitivity To Pain

In 2016, a new drug, crisaborole, was developed and approved, for the first time in 15 years, as an effective treatment for Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Crisaborole is a topical phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, which alleviates AD symptoms, such as pruritis, inflammation, and flares. Similar to other topical treatments like corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, crisaborole has been found to cause pain during application. The pain felt during a topical application can be attributed to many possible causes, such as increased sensitivity to pain-provoking and itch-provoking stimuli, prior inflammation, prior damage, and hypersensitized skin of the patient to which the topical cream is applied. Crisaborole has been reported to be effective, yet the application site pain is a major road bump in the effective treatment of some patients. Some possible ways to circumvent this pain are letting the epidermis soothe and heal before starting crisaborole, starting this treatment modality before the skin has a chance to become irritated and inflamed, and numbing the area with an ice pack prior to topical crisaborole application. Overall, crisaborole has been an effective treatment modality, but further research is necessary to allow for safe use of this life-changing AD topical medication.

scholarly journals Hazard analysis of a yacht designed for people with disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bogdan Branowski ◽  
Marek Zabłocki ◽  
Jarosław Gabryelski ◽  
Andrzej Walczak ◽  
Przemysław Kurczewski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Degree Structure ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
First Time

Introduction: In connection with the design of a seaworthy yacht for persons with disabilities, authors conduct a risk analysis and consider the safety aspects arising from these risks. In the context of tourism and recreation for people with disabilities, this represents a new issue in the literature. Aim: The aim of the analysis was a multi-aspect evaluation of the hazards that occur when sailors with disabilities carry out typical activities on a yacht. The recommendations arising from the conducted research were used when designing the structure of a staysail schooner intended to be sailed by people with disabilities. Methods: Two methods of risk analysis were adopted. A preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) was carried out with the purpose of identifying and evaluating the possibility of people with various types of disabilities carrying out activities on a yacht. A process hazard analysis (PRHA) was based on a four-degree structure of functions with 31 component operations, relating to both sailing and living on a yacht. This methodology was used by the authors in sailing for the first time when the yacht’s equipment was designed for persons with disabilities. Results: The evaluation covered the adaptation of the yacht for sailing by people with disabilities and considered the various functions that would need to be carried out by these people. A PRHA matrix was created, consisting of 1,116 fields. Authors found that safe execution of many of the relevant functions by people with various types of disabilities was indicated. Conclusions: Based on the results of the PRHA, a set of new guidelines was created for permanent and temporary adaptations of a yacht in the context of the degrees and causes of disabilities.

Treatment failure after multiple courses of triclabendazole in a Portuguese patient with fascioliasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e232299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Alves Branco ◽  
Rogerio Ruas ◽  
João Nuak ◽  
António Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Livestock Rearing

Fascioliasis is a trematode flatworm infection caused by Fasciola hepatica. Humans are incidental hosts, and the infection is most often acquired by eating watercress grown in contaminated water in livestock-rearing areas. Triclabendazole is the only highly effective treatment, with a reported cure rate of >90%. Treatment failure may be due to several factors, though resistance is rare in humans and scarcely reported, most probably a reflection of the widespread use of anthelmintics in livestock. There are three papers describing cases of treatment failure, possibly due to resistance, in the Netherlands, Chile and Peru. We document for the first time one case of failure after multiple treatment courses with triclabendazole in Portugal, probably due to resistance to the anthelmintic. Our aim is to alert for the emergence of resistance across continents, with consequent predictable difficulties in the management of the disease and encourage more investigation in the field.

scholarly journals Acoustic Multi-Detection of Gliadin Using QCM Crystals Patterned with Controlled Sectors of TEM Grid and Annealed Nanoislands on Gold Electrode

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Giuliocesare Casari Bariani ◽  
Lan Zhou ◽  
Simone Poggesi ◽  
Rakesh Mittapalli ◽  
Marisa Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Gold Nanoislands ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tem Grid

Celiac diseases are a group of gluten ingestion-correlated pathologies that are widespread and, in some cases, very dangerous for human health. The only effective treatment is the elimination of gluten from the diet throughout life. Nowadays, the food industries are very interested in cheap, easy-to-handle methods for detecting gluten in food, in order to provide their consumers with safe and high-quality food. Here, for the first time, the manufacture of controlled micropatterns of annealed gold nanoislands (AuNIs) on a single QCM crystal (QCM-color) and their biofunctionalization for the specific detection of traces of gliadin is reported. In addition, the modified quartz crystal with a TEM grid and 30 nm Au (Q-TEM grid crystal) is proposed as an acoustic sensitive biosensing platform for the rapid screening of the gliadin content in real food products.

Malignant Hyperthermia

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Mcneil
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
First Time

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare genetic condition which may manifest for the first time during anaesthesia associated with a routine surgical procedure. Characterised initially by muscle rigidity, increased body temperature and metabolic acidosis, the syndrome may prove fatal unless prompt, effective treatment is administered. The sudden development of MH constitutes a medical emergency; hence it is essential that theatre practitioners are knowledgeable about the presenting symptoms and management of the condition.

scholarly journals Coronavirus and COVID-19: The latest news and views from the scientific community about the new coronavirus and COVID-19.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eber Coelho Paraguassu ◽  
Huijun Chen ◽  
Fei Zhou ◽  
Zhe Xu ◽  
Meiyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Coronavirus is a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. The new coronavirus agent was discovered on 12/31/19 after cases registered in China. It causes the disease called coronavirus (COVID-19). The first human coronaviruses were isolated for the first time in 1937. However, it was in 1965 that the virus was described as coronavirus, due to the profile under microscopy, looking like a crown. Objectives: This article aims to bring the most current medical literature on the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Methodology: The publications with the greatest impact factor in  February and March 2020 were searched in Nature, Elservie, JAMA and Wiley. Results: More than 200 articles on COVID-19 were found and 20 articles were selected with the highest number of citations on Google Scholar. Conclusion: Until March 2020, there is no really effective treatment against COVID-19, but many medications are being tested and with very promising results. The concern with the economy is also an extremely relevant factor at this moment.

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