Functional content in simple sender-receiver models of communication

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Shea
Keyword(s):  
Functional Content

TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT ZAKAT SEBAGAI PENGUAT KONSEP FILANTROPI EKONOMI KEUMMATAN (Tafsir Verses Of Zakat As The Booster Of Public Economic Philanthropy Concept)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Mustaqim Makki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Vertical Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Functional Content

Zakat merupakan salah satu sendi pokok ajaran Islam. Urgensi zakat yang merupakan anjuran agama Islam untuk menunaikan zakat dan memberikannya kepada yang berhak dengan ketentuan mencapai nishabnya, (kadar minimum harta tertentu) mempunyai nilai sangat signifikan dalam kehidupan manusia. Seorang insan yang sarat akan segala permasalahan pada fitrahnya menuntut untuk selalu berinteraksi kepada sesama, baik berupa materi maupun non materi. Zakat merupakan maliyah ijtima’iyyah yang mengandung nilai-nilai filantropi yang sangat tinggi, karena ketika mengaplikasikan kewajiban zakat kita telah membantu sesama serta mengurangi kesenjangan yang disebabkan beberapa sifat manusia diantaranya adalah sifat kikir, dengki dan iri hati. Menguatnya kembali harapan banyak kalangan terhadap implementasi filantropi Islam, baik dalam bentuk zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf, memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kondisi bangsa yang belum sepenuhnya bangkit dari keterpurukan sebagai dampak dari krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini berakibat kesenjangan penguasaan perekonomian antar warga negara menjadi kian lebar. Pada saat itulah, ziswaf (zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf) kembali dilirik dan diharapkan menjadi alternatif solusi terhadap problem kemiskinan umat. Manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardh dalam Al Qurán menekankan muatan fungsional yang harus diemban oleh manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesejarahan dalam kehidupannya di muka bumi. Kaitan dengan konsep tersebut, ada dua fungsi manusia. Pertama: Manusia sebagai hamba (ábid), dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara vertikal dalam hal ini hubungannya dengan ketuhanan (Teologis). Kedua adalah manusia sebagai khalifah, dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara horizontal dalam hal ini hubungan terhadap manusia.Kata kunci: tafsir ayat zakat, filantropi, ekonomi keummatanAbstract:Zakat is one of the main points of Islamic teachings. The urgency of zakat which is suggested by Islam to fulfill and give it to those who are referred to with the provisions to reach their nishab, (minimum level of certain assets) has a very significant value in human life. A person who is full of all problems in his/her natural demands will always get interaction with other people, either material or non-material. Zakat is maliyah ijtima’iyyah which contains very high philanthropic values, because when applying the obligation of zakat we have helped others and reduced the gaps caused by some human traits including miser, jealousy and envy. The reinforcement of the expectations (estimation) from any levels on the implementation of Islamic philanthropy, which in the form of zakat, donation, alms and endowments, has a close relationship with the condition of the country that has not fully risen from bad economic adversity due to economic crisis. This condition causes a widening of the economic mastery among the citizens. At that moment, ziswaf (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) was again given a serious attentition and expected to be an alternative solution to the problem of poverty among citizens. Humans as khalifah fil ardh in the Qur'an emphasize the functional content that must be carried by humans in carrying out historical tasks in their lives on earth. In accordance with this concept, there are two human functions. First: Humans as servants (ábid), are required to succeed in establishing a vertical relationship in this case the relationship with God (Theological). Second, humans as caliphs, are required to succeed in establishing horizontal relationships in this case the relationship to humans.

Merovingian Religious Architecture

2020 ◽  
pp. 656-692
Author(s):  
Pascale Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
New Research ◽  
Functional Content

For nearly 270 years, between the end of the Roman Empire and the advent of the Carolingian dynasty, the Merovingian territories experienced an intense flowering of religious construction, which recent archaeology has documented with increasing detail. This chapter sheds light on new research and recent discoveries; however, rather than reviewing all of the sites and studies of Merovingian churches and the contemporary sources mentioning them, it gives some new clues and reflections about so-called Merovingian architecture and the broad vision of an architectural form that was expressed in quite simple but majestic designs. These structures, constructed of stone (or wood), reveal a society progressively Christianized under the leadership of bishops, clerics, and monks, as well as by the Merovingian sovereigns. Without any break with classical antiquity, the Merovingian centuries fit into a continuous legacy that transformed the monumental landscape in both cities and countryside. The various forms of Christian monuments of the fifth to eighth century thus illustrate this heritage, sometimes through an extreme simplification of antique patterns and sometimes through the enrichment of aesthetic forms brought by the arrival of immigrant populations. Within a changing world, religious buildings appear to have been a catalyst for cultural exchanges as places of visibility and gathering, as witnesses of the building fever of the period. Our understanding of religious architecture in Merovingian Gaul is gradually becoming more accurate. We now know an increasing amount about the establishment, planning, forms and sizes, construction techniques, ornamentation, and liturgical and functional content of all these structures. These structures, which were so varied in size and use, reveal extensive artistic plurality.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM OF THE MILK PRODUCTION PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
V.T. Dmytriv ◽  
I.V. Dmytriv ◽  
I.M. Horodetskyy ◽  
P.P. Yatsunskyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
General View ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
Maximum Reliability ◽  
Functional Content

The basic principles of adaptation of machine milking technical system to the physiology of milk ejection of cows are considered. Main adaptation parameters and conditions of the technical system are grounded, under these parameters and conditions the self-tuning of technical system is possible. The structure of modules of adaptive cyber-physical control system of machine milking is developed, its functionalities are revealed, the method of coordination between discreteness of measurement of information and the quantization period is developed to ensure maximum reliability of the information. The memory size of the operational information about the process parameters is justified, as well as their structure and functional content. Functional content and structure of information about the technological process of the database is formulated. The general view of the main elements of the adaptive cyber-physical system of cows milking is given, as well as the results of work of the experimental adaptive cyber-physical system of the milk production.

scholarly journals Functional planning organization of modern fitness centers on the example of St. Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
K. V. Kozlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Centers ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Content

The paper presents the results of a brief analysis of functional planning solutions of existing fitness centers on the example of buildings in St. Petersburg. The main functional zones and main types of placement are considered. The analysis of the functional content of fitness centers is made, which results in the definition of the concept of a fitness center as an independent structure; options for placing fitness centers in other structures and as independent objects are described; the composition of the main functional zones is determined; the functional content of fitness centers is systematized.

Screening of Mangifera indica L. functional content using PCA and neural networks (ANN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Celeste da Silva Sauthier ◽  
Erik Galvão Paranhos da Silva ◽  
Bruna Rosa da Silva Santos ◽  
Emmanuelle Ferreira Requião Silva ◽  
Jamile da Cruz Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Functional Content

HOW RATIONAL BELIEFS AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AFFECT PEOPLE'S INFERENCES: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Bond ◽  
Windy Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Rational Belief ◽  
Rational Beliefs ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Functional Content

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) hypothesizes that the functionality of inferences is primarily affected by the preferential and demanding nature of rational and irrational beliefs, respectively. It is then, secondarily, influenced by the functional and dysfunctional contents to which rational and irrational beliefs, respectively, refer. This hypothesis was tested by asking 96 participants to imagine themselves holding one of four specific beliefs: a rational belief with a preference and a functional content, an irrational belief with a demand and a dysfunctional content, a rational belief with a functional content and no preference, and an irrational belief with a dysfunctional content and no demand. Participants imagined themselves holding their belief in an imaginary context, whilst rating the extent of their agreement to 14 functional and dysfunctional inferences. Contrary to REBT theory, results indicated that rational and irrational beliefs had the same magnitude of effect on the functionality of inferences, whether they referred to a preference/demand+contents, or only contents. The discussion maintains that preferences and demands may not constitute the principal mechanism through which rational and irrational beliefs affect the functionality of inferences. Instead, consistent with Beck's cognitive therapy, belief contents may constitute this primary mechanism.

On the concept of syntactic function in a functional grammar

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Cidrás Escáneo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Traditional Notion ◽  
Grammatical Relations ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Functional Content

The study takes a critical look at the status of syntactic functions within a multi-level view of grammatical relations. Re-examining the widespread approach to the traditional notion of ‘syntactic function’ that treats it as fitting into a system of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic functions, the syntactic functions are seen to be cognitively invisible vis-à-vis the other two, and this is assumed to be more than an irrelevant accident. After a brief review of theoretical treatments of syntactic functions within functionalism, the conclusion is reached that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, e.g. in FG or SFG, unlike functions on the other two levels, syntactic functions per se contribute nothing to sentence meaning, and thus should no longer be considered functions. Instead, this study treats them as syntactic figures, i.e. instrumental, multi-purpose, formal devices whose job it is to give optimal expression to functional content which may be of just two types: either semantic or pragmatic.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Functional Content of Eukaryotic Protein Interaction Networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e109130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Pandey ◽  
Sonali Arora ◽  
Sahil Manocha ◽  
Sean Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Eukaryotic Protein ◽  
Functional Content

scholarly journals Oral Microbiome Metabarcoding in Two Invasive Small Mammals from New Zealand

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Arsalan Emami-Khoyi ◽  
Isma Benmazouz ◽  
Adrian M. Paterson ◽  
James G. Ross ◽  
Elaine C. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
The Core ◽  
Invasive Mammals ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Functional Content

All multicellular organisms host a wide diversity of microorganisms in and on their bodies, which are collectively known as their microbiome. Characterising microbial communities that inhabit different body niches in wild animals is critical to better understand the dynamics of microbiome diversityand its functional significance. The current study is the first to apply massively parallel sequencing of 16S rRNA to characterise the microbial diversity and functional content of oral microbiota in two of New Zealand’s most important invasive mammals, the omnivorous common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the carnivorous stoat (Mustela erminea). In total, strains of bacteria belonging to 19 different phyla, 27 classes, 52 orders, 103 families, 163 genera and 51 known species were identified from the oral cavities of the study species. Strains of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominated the core oral microbial diversity in both species, while other taxa were comparatively less abundant. Despite invasive populations typically demonstrating limited genetic variation, intraspecific variation of the core bacterial taxa in the oral microbiota was considerable. This suggests that a complex interaction between genetic, physiological, and environmental factors determines the diversity of the study species’oral microbiome.

Scaling laws in the functional content of genomes

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik van Nimwegen
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Functional Content
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