scholarly journals The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome—a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Carolin Reisinger ◽  
Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen ◽  
Nandu Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Introduction The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) describes the clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors—including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoproteins—that increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a generally accepted definition of MetS in pediatric patients is still lacking. Objectives The aim was to summarize current prevalence data of childhood MetS as well as to discuss the continuing disagreement between different pediatric definitions and the clinical importance of such diagnosis. Methodology A systematic literature search on the prevalence of pediatric MetS was conducted. Articles that were published during the past 5 years (2014–2019), using at least one of four predetermined classifications (International Diabetes Federation, Cook et al., Ford et al., and de Ferranti et al.), were included. Results The search resulted in 1167 articles, of which 31 publications met all inclusion criteria. Discussion The prevalence of MetS ranged between 0.3 and 26.4%, whereby the rising number of children and adolescents with MetS partly depended on the definition used. The IDF definition generally provided the lowest prevalences (0.3–9.5%), whereas the classification of de Ferranti et al. yielded the highest (4.0–26.4%). In order to develop a more valid definition, further research on long-term consequences of childhood risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is needed. There is also a temptation to suggest one valid, globally accepted definition of metabolic syndrome for pediatric populations but we believe that it is more appropriate to suggest definitions of MetS that are specific to males vs. females, as well as being specific to race/ethnicity or geographic region. Finally, while this notion of definitions of MetS specific to certain subgroups is important, it still needs to be tested in future research.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adults with Central Obesity at Janakpur Zone, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Birendra Kumar Jha ◽  
Mingma Lhamu Sherpa ◽  
Binod Kumar Dahal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Urbanization, surplus energy uptake, decreased physical activities are general risk factors of metabolic syndrome However, it’s status, and associated components remain unexplored in the Terai region of Nepal. This study evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among adults with central obesity of Terai region of Nepal using International Diabetes Federation criteria.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in three Terai districts of Janakpur Zone, Nepal. A total of 378 adults having central obesity were selected using cluster sampling by camp approach. Interview, physical and clinical examination, measurement of fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were conducted for all participants. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components with 95% CI were estimated.Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence was 74.9% (95% CI:70.2-79.2%), with no significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI:71.0-83.5%) and female (72.2%, 95% CI: 65.2-78.3%). The most common factors observed were low high density lipoproteins with highly significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI:71.0-83.5%)) and female (90.2%, 95% CI: 85.094.0%-; p=0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia with significant differences between male (57.6%, 95% CI: 50.1-64.5%) and female (46.9%, 95% CI: 39.7-54.2%; p=0.037). Conclusions: Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Janakpur of Nepal likely suggest lack of awareness and health promotion activities for metabolic syndrome and indicate an urgency for a public health program to maintain quality of life. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Nepal; prevalence; risk factors; terai

scholarly journals Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an unorganized population taking into account different criteria of its diagnosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Education Program ◽  
National Cholesterol Education Program ◽  
Work Group ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The U.S

Aim. To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an unorganized population of Orenburg city. Methods. The sample was formed by the method of random numbers. Examined were 301 people aged 25 to 75 years, of which 148 were males and 153 females. Studied were the socio-demographic characteristics and medical history (including filling out of a questionnaire), the clinical status of study participants (with the measurement of blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, biochemical blood analysis to determine the concentration of glucose and lipid profile). In order to identify the metabolic syndrome the following diagnostic criteria were used: of the Work Group on the treatment of adults of the National Cholesterol Education Program of the U.S. (2001-2005), of the International Diabetes Federation (2005) and of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology (2009). Results. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was reduced by using less stringent thresholds for waist circumference. The most common variant of the metabolic syndrome was the combination of the following components: abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension and a low content of high-density lipoproteins. According to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation such a combination occurred in 7.6%, while in accordance with the Criteria of the Work Group on for the treatment of adults of the National Cholesterol Education Program of the U.S. - it occurred in 4.3%. Conclusion. The frequency of registration of the metabolic syndrome depends on the criteria for its diagnosis.

Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Supporting Obesity as the Central Feature

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çavlan Türkoglu ◽  
Belgin Süsleyici Duman ◽  
Demet Günay ◽  
Penbe Çagatay ◽  
Remzi Özcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Victor M. Oguoma ◽  
Neil T. Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H. Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract This study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.

Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Basavaraj PG ◽  
Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽  
Chidanand Galagali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Positive History ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

P4402Effect of carnitine supplementation on progression of carotid plaque in the metabolic syndrome: the ECoM study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Johri ◽  
M F Hetu ◽  
D K Heyland ◽  
J E Herr ◽  
P Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elevated Glucose

Abstract Background/Introduction L-carnitine (L-C) has been investigated as a potential therapy for cardiovascular (CV) disease, but its direct effects on human atherosclerosis are unknown. Epidemiological studies suggest a possible reduction of CV risk factors following treatment, whereas animal studies have shown that L-C may increase pro-atherogenic metabolites. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether L-C therapy led to atherosclerosis progression or regression by direct quantification of carotid atherosclerotic lesions in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods This study was a Phase 2, prospective, parallel, double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-center trial. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation harmonized definition, where presence of any 3 of the 5 following risk factors constituted a diagnosis: elevated waist circumference; elevated triglycerides; reduced HDL or treated; elevated blood pressure or treated; elevated glucose or HbA1c or treated. Participants with a baseline carotid total plaque volume (TPV) ≥50 mm3 were randomized to placebo or 2 g L-C daily for 6 months. Plaque progression was quantified by 3D carotid ultrasound for change in TPV and reduction in vessel lumen area (% area stenosis, Fig. 1). Absolute differences were assessed on the raw scale, while percent change on the log scale. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess within- and between-arm differences. Results Of the 177 participants randomized, 157 completed the study (L-C n=76, placebo n=81). No statistically significant difference between arms was found in the primary outcome (TPV). However, there was progression of plaque stenosis in the treatment arm: the L-C group had an increase in stenosis of 9.8% (p=0.01) higher than the placebo arm, and a 2.7% (p=0.03) greater absolute change. Total cholesterol and LDL levels (0.10 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L, respectively) were higher in the intervention arm compared to the placebo arm (−0.06 mmol/L and −0.07 mmol/L). Figure 1 Conclusions We observed progression of atherosclerosis with L-C therapy compared to placebo in patients with MetS. The clear lack of benefit of L-C therapy in this population raises serious concerns for its further use as a potential therapy. Given its association with pro-atherogenic metabolites our study offers further understanding of the atherosclerotic process. Acknowledgement/Funding Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarette Use and Metabolic Syndrome Development: A Critical Review

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ilona Górna ◽  
Marta Napierala ◽  
Ewa Florek
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Impact

The metabolic syndrome is a combination of several metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, including quitting smoking, are recommended to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Not much research has been conducted in the field of e-cigarettes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, taking into account the influence of e-cigarettes vaping on the individual components of metabolic syndrome, i.e, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and elevated arterial blood pressure, the results are also ambiguous. This article is a review and summary of existing reports on the impact of e-cigarettes on the development of metabolic syndrome as well as its individual components. A critical review for English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was made, using a PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science data. The current research indicated that e-cigarettes use does not affect the development of insulin resistance, but could influence the level of glucose and pre-diabetic state development. The lipid of profile an increase in the TG level was reported, while the influence on the level of concentration of total cholesterol, LDL fraction, and HDL fraction differed. In most cases, e-cigarettes use increased the risk of developing abdominal obesity or higher arterial blood pressure. Further research is required to provide more evidence on this topic.

Effect of leptin on the gallbladder in patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Virstyuk ◽  
N. R. Senyutovich
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I

The study involved 58 patients with chronic noncalculous cholecystitis (CNC) divided into two groups. Group I included 30 CNC patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), group II 28 CNC patients without MS. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people. MS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation guidelines (2005). The following anthropometric parameters were determined: body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL)). Leptin and insulin levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits «Leptin ELISA» and «Insulin ELISA» (DRG International, Inc., USA) respectively. Insulin resistance index HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) was calculated. It was shown that leptin level in CNC patients with MS was 2.61 times that in healthy subjects (p <0.001) and 2.47 times higher than in CNC patients without MS (p <0.001). Significant direct correlations between leptin blood levels andBMI, HOMA-IR index, triglycerides, and cholesterol were documented. The relationships between blood levels of leptin and the thickness of the gallbladder (GB) wall, the amount of cholesterol crystals in bile, and decreased bile release rate from GB which suggests effect of leptin on the structural and functional changes in GB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document