Probabilistic one-time programs using quantum entanglement

AbstractQuantum technology allows for unparalleled levels of data and software protection. Probabilistic one-time programs harness these capabilities for quantum-assisted classical computations by encoding classical software in small quantum states resulting in computer programs that can be used only once. Such self-destructing one-time programs facilitate a variety of applications reaching from software distribution to one-time delegation of signature authority. Whereas previous experiments demonstrated the feasibility of such schemes, the practical applications were limited. Here we present an improved protocol for one-time programs that resolves major drawbacks of previous schemes, by employing entangled qubit pairs. This results in four orders of magnitude higher count rates and the ability to execute a program long after the quantum information exchange has taken place. We implement a one-time delegation of signature authority over an underground fiber link between university buildings in downtown Vienna, emphasizing the compatibility of our scheme with prepare-and-measure quantum internet networks.

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Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4206

Author(s):

Jamilya Nurgazina ◽

Udsanee Pakdeetrakulwong ◽

Thomas Moser ◽

Gerald Reiner

Keyword(s):

Supply Chains ◽

Food Supply ◽

Information Exchange ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Food Supply Chains ◽

Distributed Ledger ◽

Future Research Directions

The lack of transparency and traceability in food supply chains (FSCs) is raising concerns among consumers and stakeholders about food information credibility, food quality, and safety. Insufficient records, a lack of digitalization and standardization of processes, and information exchange are some of the most critical challenges, which can be tackled with disruptive technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Studies provide evidence that novel technological and sustainable practices in FSCs are necessary. This paper aims to describe current practical applications of DLTs and IoT in FSCs, investigating the challenges of implementation, and potentials for future research directions, thus contributing to achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Within a systematic literature review, the content of 69 academic publications was analyzed, describing aspects of implementation and measures to address the challenges of scalability, security, and privacy of DLT, and IoT solutions. The challenges of high costs, standardization, regulation, interoperability, and energy consumption of DLT solutions were also classified as highly relevant, but were not widely addressed in literature. The application of DLTs in FSCs can potentially contribute to 6 strategic SDGs, providing synergies and possibilities for more sustainable, traceable, and transparent FSCs.

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The Influence of YouTube Beauty Vloggers on Indonesian Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Local Cosmetic Products

International Journal of Business and Management ◽

10.5539/ijbm.v15n5p100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Jui-Lung Chen ◽

Apritika Dermawan

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Information Exchange ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Future Research ◽

Web Based ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Mainstream Media ◽

Marketing Tool ◽

Willingness To Purchase ◽

The Impact

Social media are web-based technology and social platform that involve social, personal and technological factors, which have triggered the development and evolution of website-based communities. Moreover, relevant web-based applications have also become the mainstream media for value creation and information exchange. The proliferation, convenience, and immediacy of social media have attracted many enterprises to adopt social media as a marketing tool. Among them, Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WoM), used mostly by vloggers (video bloggers), enables its users to review products and express their opinions on social media. Therefore, E-WoM has gradually become an important source of information for consumers, which influences their purchasing decisions. YouTube, a video sharing platform affiliated with Google, is a popular social media with tons of users. One of its most appealing and popular communities is Beauty Blogger, where beauty vloggers create and upload videos about beauty products. This study explored the impact of YouTube beauty vlogger on the attitude of Indonesian women towards locally made cosmetics and their willingness to purchase them. Based on the research results, relevant conclusions and recommendations were proposed which can be used as a reference for future research and practical applications.

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How to Represent the World

Reality, Universal Ontology and Knowledge Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-966-3.ch010 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 214-257

Author(s):

Azamat Abdoullaev

Keyword(s):

Information Exchange ◽

World Knowledge ◽

Lexical Resources ◽

Practical Applications ◽

The World ◽

Computer Scientists ◽

Application Potential ◽

Global Language ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Machine Readable

As far as human knowledge about the world is commonly given in NL expressions and as far as universal ontology is a general science of the world, the examination of its impact on natural language science and technology is among the central topics of many academic workshops and conferences. Ontologists, knowledge engineers, lexicographers, lexical semanticists, and computer scientists are attempting to integrate top-level entity classes with language knowledge presented in extensive corpora and electronic lexical resources. Such a deep quest is mostly motivated by high application potential of reality-driven models of language for knowledge communication and management, information retrieval and extraction, information exchange in software and dialogue systems, all with an ultimate view to transform the World Wide Web into a machine-readable global language resource of world knowledge, the Onto-Semantic Web. One of the practical applications of integrative ontological framework is to discover the underlying mechanisms of representing and processing language content and meaning by cognitive agents, human and artificial. Specifically, to provide the formalized algorithms or rules, whereby machines could derive or attach significance (or signification) from coded signals, both natural signs obtained by sensors and linguistic symbols.

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Elucidating reaction mechanisms on quantum computers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1619152114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (29) ◽

pp. 7555-7560 ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

Markus Reiher ◽

Nathan Wiebe ◽

Krysta M. Svore ◽

Dave Wecker ◽

Matthias Troyer

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanisms ◽

Quantum Computer ◽

Quantum Error Correction ◽

Quantum Computers ◽

Chemical Systems ◽

Small Quantum ◽

Quantum Technology ◽

Classical Computer ◽

Quantum Error ◽

Biological Nitrogen

With rapid recent advances in quantum technology, we are close to the threshold of quantum devices whose computational powers can exceed those of classical supercomputers. Here, we show that a quantum computer can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms in complex chemical systems, using the open problem of biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase as an example. We discuss how quantum computers can augment classical computer simulations used to probe these reaction mechanisms, to significantly increase their accuracy and enable hitherto intractable simulations. Our resource estimates show that, even when taking into account the substantial overhead of quantum error correction, and the need to compile into discrete gate sets, the necessary computations can be performed in reasonable time on small quantum computers. Our results demonstrate that quantum computers will be able to tackle important problems in chemistry without requiring exorbitant resources.

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Interoperability Analyses of BIM Platforms for Construction Management

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10134437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 4437 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carlo Iapige De Gaetani ◽

Mertkan Mert ◽

Federica Migliaccio

Keyword(s):

Information Exchange ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Information Modeling ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Industry Foundation Classes ◽

Software Packages ◽

Building Information ◽

Exchange Data ◽

Aec Industry

It is incontrovertible that an exchange of files is essentially required at several stages of the workflow in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Therefore, investigating and detecting the capabilities/inabilities of building information modeling (BIM) software packages with respect to interoperability can be informative to stakeholders who exchange data between various BIM packages. The work presented in this paper includes a discussion on the interoperability of different software platforms commonly used in the AEC industry. Although, in theory, flawless interoperability of some types of files between different BIM platforms is ensured, in practical applications, this is not always the case. Hence, this research aims to identify faults in data exchange by assessing different possible scenarios where a sample Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) four-dimensions (4D) BIM model and related Gantt charts are exchanged. Throughout the interoperability analysis of both IFC file and Gantt charts, the following checks were carried out: geometrical and nongeometrical information exchange through IFC files, 4D information correct readability, and presence of missing schedule information in Gantt charts after their import/export procedure. The results show that interoperability between the analyzed platforms is not always ensured, providing useful insight into realistic scenarios.

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Bibliometric Analysis in the Field of Quantum Technology

Quantum Reports ◽

10.3390/quantum3030036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 549-575

Author(s):

Thomas Scheidsteger ◽

Robin Haunschild ◽

Lutz Bornmann ◽

Christoph Ettl

Keyword(s):

Web Of Science ◽

Publication Output ◽

Single Quantum ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Quantum Particles ◽

Computer Scientists ◽

The Usa ◽

Quantum Technology ◽

Doubling Times ◽

Highly Cited

The second quantum technological revolution started around 1980 with the control of single quantum particles and their interaction on an individual basis. These experimental achievements enabled physicists, engineers, and computer scientists to utilize long-known quantum features—especially superposition and entanglement of single quantum states—for a whole range of practical applications. We use a publication set of 54,598 papers from Web of Science, published between 1980 and 2018, to investigate the time development of four main subfields of quantum technology in terms of numbers and shares of publications, as well as the occurrence of topics and their relation to the 25 top contributing countries. Three successive time periods are distinguished in the analyses by their short doubling times in relation to the whole Web of Science. The periods can be characterized by the publication of pioneering works, the exploration of research topics, and the maturing of quantum technology, respectively. Compared to the USA, China’s contribution to the worldwide publication output is overproportionate, but not in the segment of highly cited papers.

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Quantum Internet and Security of Military Communications

Land Forces Academy Review ◽

10.2478/raft-2021-0038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

Florin Popescu ◽

George Bucăţa ◽

Sorin Pistol

Keyword(s):

The Internet ◽

Government Officials ◽

Customer Data ◽

Military Communications ◽

Large Corporations ◽

Privacy Breaches ◽

Quantum Technology ◽

Quantum Internet

Abstract In general, the Internet relies on complex codes to protect information, but hackers are becoming more adept at defeating such systems. These cyberattacks lead to privacy breaches of government officials, as well as large corporations, costing billions of euros per year in total and compromising customer data. According to ENISA reports, these numbers are set to rise. Quantum technology is seen by scientists as a revolutionary replacement for standard encryption techniques.

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Optimal allocation of quantum resources

Quantum ◽

10.22331/q-2021-03-10-407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 407

Author(s):

Roberto Salazar ◽

Tanmoy Biswas ◽

Jakub Czartowski ◽

Karol Życzkowski ◽

Paweł Horodecki

Keyword(s):

Optimal Allocation ◽

Quantum Information Processing ◽

Proportional Fairness ◽

Allocation Of Resources ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

Quantum Networks ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Quantum Internet

The optimal allocation of resources is a crucial task for their efficient use in a wide range of practical applications in science and engineering. This paper investigates the optimal allocation of resources in multipartite quantum systems. In particular, we show the relevance of proportional fairness and optimal reliability criteria for the application of quantum resources. Moreover, we present optimal allocation solutions for an arbitrary number of qudits using measurement incompatibility as an exemplary resource theory. Besides, we study the criterion of optimal equitability and demonstrate its relevance to scenarios involving several resource theories such as nonlocality vs local contextuality. Finally, we highlight the potential impact of our results for quantum networks and other multi-party quantum information processing, in particular to the future Quantum Internet.

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Overview of Quantum Technologies, Standards, and their Applications in Mobile Devices

GetMobile Mobile Computing and Communications ◽

10.1145/3457356.3457358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Brian Cornet ◽

Hua Fang ◽

Honggang Wang

Keyword(s):

Quantum Communication ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Quantum Error Correction ◽

Technology Standards ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Quantum Particles ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Quantum Technology ◽

Quantum Error ◽

Quantum Internet

In this paper, we summarize the quantum mechanics that define quantum technologies (quantum states, superposition, entanglement, and decoherence), introduce modern quantum technologies and their broader applications (quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum internet, and quantum error correction), examine the state quantum technology standards, and discuss how quantum technologies relate to the mobile world. For decades, methods for quantum technologies have been theorized or proven mathematically. Real implementations of these methods exist in modern devices such as lasers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. However, the precise manipulation of quantum particles - the fundamentally probabilistic building blocks of our world - is still in its relative infancy, with technologies that depend on manipulation being usable but limited in either function or adoption.

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Ultra-Compact and Ultra-Broadband Polarization-Insensitive Mach–Zehnder Interferometer in Silicon-on-Insulator Platform for Quantum Internet Application

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8100455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Jingjing Zhang ◽

Zhaojian Zhang ◽

Chao Ma ◽

Xuefeng Chen ◽

Liping Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transverse Magnetic ◽

Silicon On Insulator ◽

Zehnder Interferometer ◽

Excess Loss ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Integrated Silicon Photonics ◽

Quantum Technology ◽

Quantum Internet ◽

Polarization Independent ◽

Mach Zehnder Interferometer

Polarization dependence in integrated silicon photonics has a detrimental effect on the manipulation of quantum state with different polarizations in the quantum technology. Those limits have profound implications for further technological developments, especially in quantum photonic internet. Here, we propose a polarization-independent Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure based on a 340 nm-thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The MZI facilitates low loss, broad operating bandwidth, and large tolerance of the fabrication imperfection. We achieve an excess loss of <10% and an extinction radio of >18 in the 100 nm bandwidth (1500∼1600 nm) for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. We numerically demonstrate an interference visibility of 99% and a polarization-independent loss (PDL) of 0.03 for both polarizations at 1550 nm. Furthermore, by using the principle of phase compensation and self-image, we shorten the length of the waveguide taper by almost an order of magnitude with the transmission of >95% for both TE and TM polarizations. Up to now, the proposed structure could significantly improve the integration and promote the development of monolithic integrated quantum internet.

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