scholarly journals Differential effects of synthetic media on long-term growth, starch accumulation and transcription of ADP-glucosepyrophosphorylase subunit genes in Landoltia punctata

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chokchai Kittiwongwattana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Synthetic Media

Abstract Murashige & Skoog (MS) and Hoagland’s media were previously used for in vitro culture of Landoltia punctata. During subsequent ex vitro culture, the use of MS medium resulted in a higher growth rate, compared to Hoagland’s medium. Thus, a higher starch content of L. punctata in MS medium was previously hypothesized. Here, L. punctata strain 5632 was isolated and characterized using morphological characteristics and the atpF-atpH intergenic region. During early cultivation stage, fresh weight and relative growth rate in MS medium were lower than Hoagland’s medium. Conversely, starch content in MS medium was considerably higher than in Hoagland’s medium. Medium effects on expression of genes coding for starch-biosynthesis ADP-glucosepyrophosphorylase (AGPase) were determined. Genomic fragments of small (LeAPS) and large (LeAPL1) AGPase subunits were characterized. Differential expression between each AGPase subunit genes was observed in both media. Additionally, in MS medium, the highest correlation coefficients between starch content and gene expression was found with LeAPS (0.81) and followed by LeAPL3 (0.67), LeAPL2 (0.65) and LeAPL1 (0.28). In Hoagland’s medium, the coefficients of LeAPL3 (0.83) and LeAPL2 (0.62) were higher than LeAPS (0.18) and LeAPL1 (−0.62). This suggested different levels of contributions of these genes in starch biosynthesis in both media.

scholarly journals The after-effect of paclobutrazol on morphological characteristics of in vitro Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jevcsák ◽  
M. Ördögh ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Narcissus Poeticus ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

After different pre-culturing period (12, 23 or 34 days) on ½ MS medium with 1 mg l-1 paclobutrazol, 1 mg l-1 N6-benzyladenine and 0.1 mg l-1 1- naphthaleneacetic acid , 3 groups of Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus bulb scales were kept on the same medium without hormones. The results were evaluated monthly and the final one happened after 7 month. The best results were achieved due to the shortest pre-culturing period (12 days;  Group 1), with 4.9 bulblets and 4.54% hyperhydricity. The result of the second treatment (pre-culturing period of 23 days; Group 2) was not different significantly but the number of bigger bulblet were higher (4.54 bulblets). After the longest pre-culturing period (34 days; Group 3), the number of bulblets was low (3.68) and more hyperhydricity (18.18%) was detected. The highest number of roots (13.91) was observed in this groupvery likely due to the strong after-effect of paclobutrazol.

scholarly journals In Vitro Long-Term Cultures of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Regalado González ◽  
Manuel López Granero ◽  
Carlos Lopez Encina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Average Multiplication ◽  
Half Strength

Abstract We present the data on proliferation corresponding to 10 years of continuous incubation in vitro of papaya shoots, and propose a reliable method for long-term micropropagation for papaya, using two types of explants: Microshoots from somatic embryos, and from axillary buds of papaya. Three different media were assayed. The proliferation medium (PPRM) allowed to maintain papaya shoots under continuous proliferation during 20 years, maintaining a consistent behaviour. Most of the shoots developed in PPRM rooted during the incubation, and after acclimated easily, maintaining the morphological characteristics of the parental plants, flowering and setting fruits normally. The PPRM medium consist in MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg l-1), BA (0.5 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5 mg l-1) and Adenine sulphate (40 mg l-1). The average multiplication rate was higher than 20 shoots per explant along the long-term assay. The elongation medium (PELM), was designed to recover shoots with a poor growth, and allowed the development of high quality shoots ready for rooting, and consist in a MS basal medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg l-1), Kin (0.5 mg l-1) and GA3 (1 mg l-1). The rooting medium (PROM) was designed to induce high quality roots from non-rooted shoots and consist in a half strength MS medium plus IBA (1mg l-1). On PROM, agar can be exchanged for expanded vermiculite. Acclimation took place inside an acclimatization tunnel under progressive hydric stress. After 4 weeks, the plant recovery rate was 90% for plants maintained under continuous proliferation during ten years.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Growth Statistics of Two Species of Paulownia and Optimization of Rooting Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Hari Krishna Saiju ◽  
Abhishesh Bajracharya ◽  
Brishav Rajbahak ◽  
Stuti Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Family

Paulownia is a fast-growing woody tree, native to the forests of China. It belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is mainly used as a source of wood for furniture and musical instruments. Due to its fast-growing nature and high-quality of wood, there has been growing interest in cultivation and research of Paulownia in Nepal. Growth comparison was performed by measuring shoot length in in vitro condition. Among two species of Paulownia - Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud and Paulownia fortuneii (Seem.) Hemsl., the growth rate of P. tomentosa was found to be 0.355 cm/week while that of P. fortuneii was found to be 0.637 cm/week in in-vitro conditions in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1mg/l BAP. Optimization of rooting methods was also performed, in which, sand rooting was found to be easier and more effective than in-vitro rooting. Dipping the plantlets in 1 mg/l of NAA was found to produce longer and denser roots than lower or higher concentrations during sand rooting.

Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Photosynthetic Rate, Leaf Starch Content and Ultrastructure of Paspalum dilatatum

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Forde ◽  
HCM Whitehead ◽  
JA Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Minor Variation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Light Intensities

;Paspalum dilatatum plants were grown in growth cabinets under two light intensities (224 and 90 W m-2) at day/night temperatures of 27.5/20.0, 20.0/12.5, 17.5/12.5 and 15.0/10.0°C. Additional plants were grown in the glasshouse and outside. Relative growth rate was closely correlated with the mean hourly photosynthetic rate of the plant during the day. Starch varied from 0.8 to 5.3 % of the leaf dry weight at the end of the night and from 3.0 to 11.6% at the end of the day. Photosynthetic rate of cabinet-grown plants remained constant during the day as starch accumulated. The rate declined for plants from outside, although their leaf starch levels were no higher than those of cabinet-grown plants. No evidence was found of feedback repression of photosynthetic rate caused by assimilate accumulation. There was only minor variation in mesophyll chloroplast structure between plants grown at different light intensities at the same temperature. A decline in temperature below 20.0/12.5°C increased swelling of mesophyll chloroplasts, as well as reducing development of the peripheral reticulum. The structure of bundle sheath chloroplasts was little affected by the environment apart from its effect on starch accumulation. While growth rate increased rapidly as temperature increased, there was much less effect of temperature on accumulation of starch during the day. It was concluded that photosynthesis and the accumulation of starch are less sensitive to temperature than is overall plant growth.

scholarly journals Improved Micropropagation of Stevia (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni) Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eman F.A.bu El-Liel ◽  
Abeer A. Mahmoud ◽  
Azza M. Salama ◽  
El-Mewafy A.E. El-Ghadban ◽  
Mohamed K. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
New Crop ◽  
Number Of Branches

There is a great interest on the strategical plan in Egypt for the cultivation of a new crop used as source of natural sweeteners Stevia rebaudiana (Spanti) and (China-1) var. Stem nodal segments containing axillary buds were used as an explant and inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar supplemented with various concentrations of flurprimidol (flur.), paclobutrazol (PBZ) and thidiazuron (TDZ). In Spanti var. maximum number of branches (6.52) and (6.4) were obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.12 mg/l flur. and 0.2 mg/l TDZ, respectively with an average of 56.4 and 36.67 leaves per plantlet, having an average shoot length of 6.40 and 6.52 cm, respectively. The best in vitro root induction (100%) was achieved on MS medium with 0.16 mg/l flur. with an average of 10.00 roots per plantlet and root length of 4.82 cm (Spanti var.). Furthermore, in China-1 var. (MS) medium supplemented with 0.16mg/l flur. induced the best morphological characteristics. The rooted plantlets from explant planted on (MS) medium supplemented with 0.16 mg/l flur. were successfully established in soil and grown to maturity at the survival rate of 100% in the greenhouse in (Spanti) and (China-1) var. As a result of anatomy, all studied growth regulators significantly enhanced the anatomical characters of stevia varieties leaf and stem.flur.at 0.16 mg\l surpassed, for instance, midvein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle as well as stem diameter, xylem and phloem thickness. Our data revealed that the numbers of protein bands in most of treatments are bigger than which in the control.

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphite Supply in the MS Medium on Root Morphological Characteristics, Fresh Biomass and Enzymatic Behavior in Five Genotypes of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Richard Dormatey ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Kazim Ali ◽  
Tianyuan Qin ◽  
Derong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Ms Medium

Crop production is threatened by low phosphorus (P) availability and weed interference. Obtaining plant genotypes that can utilize Phosphite (Phi) as fertilizer can supplement phosphates (Pi) while providing an environmentally friendly means of weed control. The study was conducted to determine the tolerance and enzymatic behavior of five potato genotypes to PO3. Explants were regenerated in vitro from two nodal cuttings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under controlled conditions for 30 days. Matured plantlets were subcultured for 20 days in MS medium containing (0.25, 0.5 mM) Phi and Pi and No-P (-Phi + -Pi). The results showed significant genotypic variation in tolerance indices among the five genotypes. Atlantic showed greater tolerance to Phi, with highest total root length (50.84%), root projected area (75.09%), root surface area (68.94%), root volume (33.49%) and number of root forks (75.66%). Phi induced an increasing trend in the levels of hydrogen peroxide in the genotypes with the least effect in Atlantic. The comprehensive evaluation analysis confirmed the tolerance of Atlantic genotype with this ranking; Atlantic, Longshu3, Qingshu9, Longshu6 and Gannong2. Antioxidant enzyme activities and proline content also increased significantly under Phi and No-P treatments. The results suggested that potato genotypes with larger root systems may be more tolerant to Phi than genotypes with smaller root systems.

scholarly journals NnABI4-Mediated ABA Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13506
Author(s):  
Peng Wu ◽  
Ailian Liu ◽  
Yongyan Zhang ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Shuping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Total Starch

Starch is an important component in lotus. ABA is an important plant hormone, which plays a very crucial role in regulating plant starch synthesis. Using ‘MRH’ as experimental materials, the leaves were sprayed with exogenous ABA before the rhizome expansion. The results showed that stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased while net photosynthetic rate increased. The total starch content of the underground rhizome of lotus increased significantly. Meanwhile, qPCR results showed that the relative expression levels of NnSS1, NnSBE1 and NnABI4 were all upregulated after ABA treatment. Then, yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assay suggested that NnABI4 protein can promote the expression of NnSS1 by directly binding to its promoter. In addition, subcellular localization results showed that NnABI4 encodes a nuclear protein, and NnSS1 protein was located in the chloroplast. Finally, these results indicate that ABA induced the upregulated expression of NnABI4, and NnABI4 promoted the expression of NnSS1 and thus enhanced starch accumulation in lotus rhizomes. This will provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of ABA regulating starch synthesis in plant.

scholarly journals Clonal fidelity of chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Jevremovic ◽  
Milana Trifunovic ◽  
Marija Nikolic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Ljiljana Radojevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
In Vitro Plants ◽  
One Year

Morphological characteristics of flowers of long term regenerated chrysanthemum, cv. "White Spider", after ten years of micropropagation are investigated. Shoot cultures are established and maintained more than ten years by stem segment culture on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (1.0, 0.1 mgL-1, respectively). Rooting of shoots (100 %) has done on MS medium without hormones and it was very successful after ten years, as well as, after two or eight years of micropropagation. Acclimation of rooted chrysanthemum plantlets at greenhouse conditions was excellent and after appropriate photoperiod "in vitro" plants flowered 90.3 % and have the same flower color, shape and size as mother plants. Flower color changes of "in vitro" plants are observed during another flowering cycle one year after acclimatization. Observed variations of chrysanthemum flowers could be attributed to epigenetic factors.

scholarly journals The rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 positively regulates grain-filling process by interacting with abscisic acid and auxin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Zhang ◽  
Minyan Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Yuzhu Wang ◽  
Hongyingxue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

The rice genome contains a single Gα (RGA1) and Gβ (RGB1) and five Gγ subunits. Recent genetic studies have shown that DEP1/qPE9-1, an atypical putative Gγ protein, is responsible for dense and erect panicles, but the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying control of grain size are not well understood. Here, we report that plants carrying qPE9-1 have more endosperm cells per grain than plants contain the qpe9-1 allele. The qPE9-1 line has a higher rate and longer period of starch accumulation than the qpe9-1 line. Additionally, the expression of several key genes encoding enzymes catalyzing sucrose metabolism and starch biosynthesis is higher in the qPE9-1 line than in the qpe9-1 line, especially from the mid to late grain-filling stage. Grains of the qPE9-1 line also have higher contents of two phytohormones, ABA and IAA. Exogenous application of ABA or IAA enhanced starch accumulation and the expression of genes encoding grain-filling-related enzymes in the grains of qPE9-1, whereas only IAA produced these effects in qpe9-1. Based on these results, we conclude that qPE9-1 promotes endosperm cell proliferation and positively regulates starch accumulation largely through ABA and IAA, which enhance the expression of genes encoding starch biosynthesis during the late grain-filling stage.

scholarly journals The Rice G Protein γ Subunit DEP1/qPE9–1 Positively Regulates Grain-Filling Process by Increasing Auxin and Cytokinin Content in Rice Grains

Rice ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Zhang ◽  
Minyan Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Yuzhu Wang ◽  
Jinyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

AbstractHeterotrimeric G protein-mediated signal transduction is one of the most important and highly conserved signaling pathways in eukaryotes, which involves in the regulation of many important biological processes. As compared with those in mammals and Arabidopsis thaliana, the functions of rice heterotrimeric G protein and their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The rice genome contains a single Gα (RGA1) and Gβ (RGB1), and five Gγ (RGG1, RGG2, GS3, DEP1/qPE9–1, and GGC2) subunits. Recent genetic studies have shown that DEP1/qPE9–1, an atypical putative Gγ protein, is responsible for the grain size as well as the dense and erect panicles, but the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the control of grain size are not well understood. Here, we report that rice plants carrying DEP1/qPE9–1 have more endosperm cells per grain than plants contain the dep1/qpe9–1 allele. The DEP1/qPE9–1 line has a higher rate and more prolonged period of starch accumulation than the dep1/qpe9–1 line. Additionally, the expression of several essential genes encoding enzymes catalyzing sucrose metabolism and starch biosynthesis is higher in the DEP1/qPE9–1 line than in the dep1/qpe9–1 line, especially from the mid to late grain-filling stage. Grains of the DEP1/qPE9–1 line also have higher contents of three phytohormones, ABA, auxin and cytokinin. Exogenous application of auxin or cytokinin enhanced the starch accumulation and the expression of genes encoding grain-filling-related enzymes in the grains of dep1/qpe9–1, whereas ABA produced no effects. Based on these results, we conclude that DEP1/qPE9–1 positively regulates starch accumulation primarily through auxin and cytokinin, which enhance the expression of genes encoding starch biosynthesis during the mid to late grain-filling stage, resulting in increased duration of the grain-filling process.

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