scholarly journals Serum proteins may facilitate the identification of Kawasaki disease and promote in vitro neutrophil infiltration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Chou Li ◽  
Kuo-Wang Tsai ◽  
Lien-Hung Huang ◽  
Ken-Pen Weng ◽  
Kuang-Jen Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
S100a12 Protein ◽  
Fast Prediction

Abstract Kawasaki disease (KD) usually affects the children younger than 5 years of age and subsequently causes coronary artery lesions (CALs) without timely identification and treatment. Developing a robust and fast prediction method may facilitate the timely diagnosis of KD, significantly reducing the risk of CALs in KD patients. The levels of inflammatory serum proteins dramatically vary during the onsets of many immune diseases, including in KD. However, our understanding of their pathogenic roles in KD is behind satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate candidate diagnostic serum proteins and the potential mechanism in KD using iTRAQ gel-free proteomics. We enrolled subjects and conducted iTRAQ gel-free proteomics to globally screen serum proteins followed by specific validation with ELISA. Further in vitro leukocyte trans-endothelial model was also applied to investigate the pathogenesis roles of inflammatory serum proteins. We identified six KD protein biomarkers, including Protein S100-A8 (S100A8), Protein S100-A9 (S100A9), Protein S100-A12 (S100A12), Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), Neutrophil defensin 1 (DEFA1) and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1). They enabled us to develop a high-performance KD prediction model with an auROC value of 0.94, facilitating the timely identification of KD. Further assays concluded that recombinant S100A12 protein treatment activated neutrophil surface adhesion molecules responsible for adhesion to endothelial cells. Therefore, S100A12 promoted both freshly clinically isolated neutrophils and neutrophil-like cells to infiltrate through the endothelial layer in vitro. Finally, the antibody against S100A12 may attenuate the infiltration promoted by S100A12. Our result demonstrated that evaluating S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, PRDX2, DEFA1 and ORM1 levels may be a good diagnostic tool of KD. Further in vitro study implied that S100A12 could be a potential therapeutic target for KD.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Millo ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Ariya Ratanathongkam ◽  
Natsajee Nualkaew ◽  
Peerapattana, Jomjai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei. Materials and methods The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method. Results The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei. Conclusion The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention. How to cite this article Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

scholarly journals Formulation, characterization, evaluation and in vitro study of transfersomal gel medroxyprogesterone acetate for transdermal drug delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5373-5381
Author(s):  
Iskandarsyah ◽  
Camelia Dwi Putri Masrijal ◽  
Harmita
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Reversed Phase

A hormonal contraception progestin such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used to helps regulate ovulation thus as a part of contraception hormone therapy as a method of birth control. This study aimed to formulate, characterized, evaluated transfersomal gel containing medroxyprogesterone acetate and to increased subcutaneous penetration of medroxyprogesterone acetate. In this research, three transfersomes formulas were prepared and optimized, e.g. F1, F2 and F3 with phosphatidylcholine: tween 80 concentration were 90:10; 85:15; and 75:25, respectively. F2 was the best formula with the highest entrapment efficiency 81.20±0.42 %, Average 81.35 ±0.78 nm, morphology of vesicles were spheres, indeks polidispersity 0.198±0.012 and zeta potential was -34.83±0.64 mV. The transpersonal gel (FGT) containing F2, and non-transpersonal gel containing MPA in methanol(FG) were prepared. In vitro penetration test were conducted to both of them using Franz Diffusion cells. Analysis of medroxyprogesterone acetate used a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with an ultraviolet detector on reversed-phase C18, 5µm; 150 x 4.6 mmcolumn; using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (60:40/v:v) and was detected at a wavelength of 240 nm with flow rate at 1.0 mL/min. Gel stability evaluation results showed that FGT was better than FG on pH stability, viscosity and rheological properties. Based on in vitro penetration study, cumulative subcutaneous penetration of medroxyprogesterone acetate from FGT was 2356.45 ± 197.73 ng.cm-2 and from FG 359.15 ± 13.60 ng.cm-2, respectively. Flux value for FGT and FG were 112.77 ± 6,47 ng.cm-2.hr-1and 17.99 ± 4.81 ng.cm-2.hr-1, respectively. It could be concluded that transfersomal gel medroxyprogesterone acetate for transdermal drug delivery increased cumulative transdermal penetration of medroxyprogesterone acetate by six times more than non-transfersomal gel dosage form.

scholarly journals Properties of a New Food Supplement Containing Actinia equina Extract

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Marika Lanza ◽  
Giovanna Casili ◽  
Giovanna Loredana La Torre ◽  
Daniele Giuffrida ◽  
Archimede Rotondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Marine species represent a great source of biologically active substances; Actinia equina (AE), an Anthozoa Cnidaria belonging to the Actinidiae family, have been proposed as original food and have already been included in several cooking recipes in local Mediterranean shores, and endowed with excellent nutraceutical potential. The aim of this study was to investigate some unexplored features of AE, through analytical screening and an in-vitro and in-vivo model. An in-vitro study, made on RAW 264.7 stimulated with H2O2, showed that the pre-treatment with AE exerted an antioxidant action, reducing lipid peroxidation and up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the in-vivo study over murine model demonstrated that the administration of AE extracts is able to reduce the carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema. Furthermore, the histological damage due to the neutrophil infiltration is prevented, and this highlights precious anti-inflammatory features of the interesting food-stuff. Moreover, it was assessed that AE extract modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and The nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) pathways. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that thanks to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, AE extract could be used as a new food supplement for inflammatory pathology prevention.

scholarly journals The making of a muscle

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fiorotto
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Environmental Causes

The skeletal musculature is usually thought of as the primary organ of locomotion, and, like the tyres of a high-performance racing car, their composition, design, preparation and plasticity can make the difference between winner and ‘wannabe’. The similarities do not end there, however. Their primary components (cells of the mesodermal layer in the embryo and latex from the rubber tree) begin their existence in locations that can be quite distant from their final point of use and in forms that bear no resemblance to the final product. Their differentiation from primary material to final product entails extensive processing, and the integration of other materials and structures are essential to ensure their function. A fundamental difference, however, is that, in the case of muscle, once the embryo is formed, the progression from relatively undifferentiated mesodermal cells to the final structures is on autopilot, provided there are no contextual aberrations either from genetic or environmental causes. Our current understanding of how muscles develop is a synthesis of observations made on a wide array of organisms, including nematode worms, fruitflies, fish, frogs, birds and various mammals, as well as from the in vitro study of cells isolated from these species. The study of myogenesis in mammals, although less amenable to experimental manipulation, has been facilitated by the recent advances in mouse genetic engineering which has enabled the function of individual genes and cell types to be investigated, as well as the lineage of cells to be traced back to their origin. In this rapid trek through the life of a muscle, how the production of a mature functional muscle from its early inception is orchestrated will be outlined in exceedingly broad strokes so as to convey the wide range of processes that must be engaged in order to generate a functional muscle. Hopefully, enough information will be provided to encourage those interested to explore further.

scholarly journals Stability of Alteplase for Catheter-Directed, Ultrasound-Facilitated Thrombolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fanikos ◽  
Kathleen Marquis ◽  
Leo Francis Buckley ◽  
Lena Kim Tran ◽  
Kevin C McLaughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽  
Over Time

Introduction Ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed thrombolysis is used with low-dose alteplase to treat pulmonary embolism. This reduces the bleeding risk that accompanies systemic administration of higher alteplase doses. While studies suggest that alteplase given over 2 to 6 hours is safe and effective, few data exist to support alteplase stability under these conditions. Therefore, we undertook this in vitro study to determine the duration of alteplase stability. Methods Alteplase was prepared in solutions of 8 mg in 100 mL, 6 mg in 150 mL, and 8 mg in 200 mL. Solutions were administered through the EkoSonicTM Endovascular System with and without ultrasound, to simulate administration over 2, 4, and 6 hours. Alteplase was assessed with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Assays were performed at time 0 and at 30-minute intervals during simulated infusion. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay was used to measure alteplase concentrations that were at time 0 and at 15-minute intervals during simulated infusion. Results Using RP-HPLC, in the absence of ultrasound, the alteplase concentration remained within 1% of the original concentration through 120, 240, and 360 minutes of infusion. Using RP-HPLC for measurement, alteplase, in the presence of ultrasound, degraded steadily over time to approximately 90%, 80%, and 70% of its original amounts in 120, 240, and 360 minutes, respectively. Alteplase that remained was available for enzymatic activity. Conclusions Alteplase solutions of 0.04 and 0.08 mg/mL degraded steadily over time during simulated ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed administration. Alteplase that did not degrade remained available for enzymatic activity.

In vitro study of anandronR binding to serum proteins and erythrocytes in man

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
F Bree ◽  
P. N'Guyen ◽  
D Tremblay ◽  
J.P. Tillement
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study

scholarly journals Assessment of Bisphenol A Release by Orthodontic Aligners : In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intissar El Idrissi ◽  
Houda Bouchafra ◽  
Fatima Zaoui ◽  
Amine Cheikh ◽  
Moulay Abbes Faouzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Clear Aligner ◽  
To Receive

Background : In orthodontic practice, for several years we have witnessed the rise of orthodontics for adults who are particularly concerned about their appearance and who most often refuse conventional metal multi-brackets. Technological advances and new materials currently allow patients to receive orthodontic treatments with invisible devices, namely orthodontic aligners. Although the thermoplastic materials that make up these aligners are biocompatible, they are not inert; In order to protect the health of our patients, it has been proposed to demonstrate a possible release of bisphenol A (BPA) by orthodontic aligners and to determine its concentration through an in vitro study. Methods : Our sample consisted of 10 new orthodontic aligners "SCHEU Dental Clear Aligner®" and 10 aged orthodontic aligners from the same supplier recovered after an average stay in the mouth of 15 days. Each aligner was immersed in 30 ml of artificial saliva. Samples were taken regularly for 2 weeks to monitor a possible release of bisphenol over time by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Interpretation of the chromatograms of bisphenol samples in new and aged aligners did not show traces of bisphenol for up to 8 weeks.Conclusion: Further research with a larger sample and a longer duration will lead to more conclusive results since current scientific data report effects at very low doses.

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