scholarly journals Transcriptome sequencing and histology reveal dosage compensation in the liver of triploid pre-smolt Atlantic salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick K. Odei ◽  
Ørjan Hagen ◽  
Stefano Peruzzi ◽  
Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen ◽  
Jorge M. O. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is seen as one of the best solutions to solve key issues in the salmon farming industry, such as the impact of escapees on wild stocks and pre-harvest sexual maturation. However, the effects of triploidy on salmon smoltification are poorly understood at the molecular level, even though smoltification is a very sensitive period that has a major influence on survival rate and performance of farmed salmon. In this study, we have compared the liver transcriptomes of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon at three ontogeny stages: fry, parr and smolt. In diploid fish, a total of 2,655 genes were differentially expressed between fry and parr, whereas 506 genes had significantly different transcript levels between parr and smolts. In triploids, 1,507 and 974 genes were differentially expressed between fry and parr, and between parr and smolts, respectively. Most of these genes were down-regulated and 34 genes were differentially expressed between ploidies at the same stage. In both ploidy groups, the top differentially expressed genes with ontogeny stage belonged to common functional categories that can be related to smoltification. Nucleotide and energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated in fry when compared to parr, while immune system processes were significantly down-regulated in parr when compared to smolts. The close resemblance of enriched biological processes and pathways between ploidy groups suggests that triploidy is regulated by genome dosage compensation in Atlantic salmon. Histological analysis revealed that areas of vacuolization (steatosis) were present only in fry and parr stages, in contrast to a compact cellular histology with glycogen granules after smoltification. There was no significant difference in vacuolization between ploidy groups at the fry stage but the liver of diploid parr had a 33.5% higher vacuolization area compared to their triploid counterparts. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the changes that occur at the molecular and histological level in the liver of both diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon prior to and during smoltification.

scholarly journals The impact of image and performance enhancing drugs on bi-ventricular structure and function in strength-trained athletes and the association to fat-free mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Morrison ◽  
N Chester ◽  
R Mcgregor-Cheers ◽  
G Kleinnibbelink ◽  
C Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Strain Imaging ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing Drugs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Canadian Institute of Health Research Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement Background Image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED) cause cardiac enlargement and dysfunction. Previous work has not assessed impact of user status (current [CU] vs. past [PU]) or allometric scaling cardiac dimensions for individual differences in fat-free mass (FFM). Purpose To investigate CU and PU of IPED and allometric scaling on LV and RV remodeling in strength-trained athletes. Methods Thirty-four (29 ± 6 years; 82% male) strength-trained athletes were recruited. Fourteen were CU, 9 PU and 11 non-users (NU) of IPEDs.  Participants underwent bioelectric impedance body composition analysis, IPED and training questionnaire and 2D echocardiography with strain imaging. All structural data was allometrically scaled to FFM according to the laws of geometric similarity. Results CU and PU had significantly higher FFM compared to NU (82.4 ± 10.1 kg vs. 72.0 ± 6.3 kg vs. 58.2 ± 14.0 kg). Absolute values of all RV and LV size were larger between CU and NU. LV mean wall thickness (MWT) was larger in CU compared to PU but there were no differences between PU and NU. Allometric scaling eliminated all differences with exception of LV mass and LVMWT. LVEF was significantly lower in CU and PU compared to NU (55 ± 3 vs. 57 ± 4 vs. 61 ± 4) whilst LV GLS was lower in CU compared to PU and NU and LV GCS was lower in CU compared to NU but not PU. There was no significant difference between groups for RV functional indices. Conclusion  Strength-trained athletes currently using IPEDs have bi-ventricular enlargement as well as reduced LV function. Allometric scaling highlights that increased size is partially associated with a larger FFM, with exception of LVMWT which is independently increased through IPED use. PUs demonstrate reverse structural remodeling whilst functional differences partially remain. CU PU NU RVD1 (mm) 45 ± 5* 43 ± 6 37 ± 6 Scaled RVD1 (mm/kg^0.33) 10.5 ± 0.9 10.4 ± 1.5 9.7 ± 1.0 LVd (mm) 58 ± 7* 55 ± 4 50 ± 4 Scaled LVd (mm/kg^0.33) 13.4 ± 1.2 13.3 ± 0.7 13.1 ± 0.6 MWT (mm) 10 ± 1*” 8 ± 1 8 ± 1 Scaled MWT (mm/kg^0.33) 2.3 ± 0.2*” 2.0 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.2 LVEDV (ml) 169 ± 42* 135 ± 28 116 ± 28 Scaled LVEDV (ml/kg) 2.0 ± 0.4 1.9 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.2 LV Mass (g) 255 ± 85*” 179 ± 30 137 ± 40 LV mass index (g/kg) 3.1 ± 0.8* 2.5 ± 0.3 2.4 ± 0.4 * CU and NU “ CU and PU ^ PU and NU Abstract Figure. Myocardial strain imaging

Impact of PICU Admission on Neurocognitive Function in Children

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Hussein Aly ◽  
Ahmed Rezk Ahmed ◽  
Raghda Zaitoun ◽  
Sarah Mohamed Nabil Ai-Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Iq Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To study the impact of admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) on children's neurocognitive performance. Methods A case–control observational study including 50 children & adolescents and 75 age and gender matched children and adolescents.The study subjects underwent formative IQ testing using the Stanford Binet IQ test 3 months after discharge from the PICU. Results 27 males and 23 females with a mean age of 6.98 years were included in the study. Almost two thirds of the cases were admitted to the PICU post operatively (surgical causes). More than half of the cases needed sedation, 38% needed mechanical ventilation and 12% needed inotropic support. There was no statistically significant difference between cases and controls are regard IQ scores (total, verbal and performance IQ scores), neither was there a difference between medical and surgical cases. Data from similar pediatric cohorts is conflicting. Conclusion PICU does not seem to affect cognitive outcome in pediatric survivors. Further long term studies using standard scoring systems and time points of assessment are required.

scholarly journals Intelligence Deficits in Chinese Patients with Brain Tumor: The Impact of Tumor Resection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Shen ◽  
Rong Xie ◽  
Xiaoyun Cao ◽  
Weimin Bao ◽  
Bojie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background. Intelligence is much important for brain tumor patients after their operation, while the reports about surgical related intelligence deficits are not frequent. It is not only theoretically important but also meaningful for clinical practice.Methods. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was employed to evaluate the intelligence of 103 patients with intracranial tumor and to compare the intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) between the intracerebral and extracerebral subgroups.Results. Although preoperative intelligence deficits appeared in all subgroups, IQ, VIQ, and PIQ were not found to have any significant difference between the intracerebral and extracerebral subgroups, but with VIQ lower than PIQ in all the subgroups. An immediate postoperative follow-up demonstrated a decline of IQ and PIQ in the extracerebral subgroup, but an improvement of VIQ in the right intracerebral subgroup. Pituitary adenoma resection exerted no effect on intelligence. In addition, age, years of education, and tumor size were found to play important roles.Conclusions. Brain tumors will impair IQ, VIQ, and PIQ. The extracerebral tumor resection can deteriorate IQ and PIQ. However, right intracerebral tumor resection is beneficial to VIQ, and transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection performs no effect on intelligence.

scholarly journals Relationships between the frequency of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in wild salmon populations and fish farming activity in Norway, 1989–2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peder Fiske ◽  
Roar A. Lund ◽  
Lars P. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
County Level ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Catch Statistics ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Norway, there have been restrictions on salmon farming in several fjords to reduce the potential negative impact on important stocks of wild Atlantic salmon. Little is known about the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in fisheries and broodstocks relative to the extent of fish farming in nearby areas. In this study, we analysed data on the incidence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in angling catches and broodstock fisheries in rivers for a 16-year period (1989–2004). These data were weighted using official catch statistics and combined at the county level, and the incidence of escapees was correlated with both the stock of farmed salmon in net pens and the reported number of escapees in different Norwegian counties. Our results indicate a significant positive correlation between the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in the rivers at the county level and the intensity of salmon farming, measured as the number of farmed salmon in net pens, suggesting that protection areas may reduce the impact of escapees in salmon populations nearby.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF WORKPLACE BULLYING ON THE ATTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Khalid ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Farah Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aggressive Attitude ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Workplace Bullying is a form of cognitive extremism at work. It revealed in misbehavior, activities, and verbal remarks, often deceptive, used to destabilize the person. This behavior results in mental surrender. Bullying leads to the victim’s withdrawal from an institute. It often happens in the form of deleterious remarks, unjustified blame, and submitted abuses. It destabilizes the freedom of expression, isolate the victims, querying them personally and professionally, and deny their access to resources to perform their task. It threatens the victims’ health and make them insecure. The current study is designed to investigate the impact of workplace bullying on the attitude and performance of university teachers. One hundred teachers (38 males and 62 females) were selected randomly from a total of 700 faculty members. Data were collected with the help of self-developed instrument, Teachers Workplace Bullying Attitude and Performance Survey (TWBAPS) with Cronbach Alpha reliability .965. Mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and t-test were applied to analyze the results. There was a significant difference between male and female teachers’ attitude and performance. Female teachers were victimized by their colleagues and heads. They showed a more aggressive attitude and low performance. Male teachers showed more violent behaviors than females. It is recommended to stabilize the academic environment at university level by discouraging the negative attitude among faculty members. Key words: Academic bullying, aggressive attitude, teachers’ performance

scholarly journals Investigating the relationship between leadership style of nursing department managers and work engagement in faculty members of Iranian universities of medical sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S KhoshKesht ◽  
A Yaghoobzadeh ◽  
N Dehghan-nayeri‏
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The success of an organization is determined by its human ‎resources. Work engagement leads to higher productivity and performance of the organization. Leaders seek to understand the impact of ‎their leadership style on work engagement. This is even more important in educational organizations but research in this area is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between department ‎manager’s leadership styles and faculty member’s work engagement in some Iranian universities of medical ‎sciences‎. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. 149 people including faculty members and department managers with at least 6 months of work experience were selected through the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included ‎a demographic questionnaire, a multi-factor leadership questionnaire, and a Schaufeli & Bakker work engagement questionnaire whose validity and reliability were examined. ‎Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Result: A total of 114 faculty members with 13.42 ± 9.75 and 35 department managers with 19.91 ± 8.67 work experience participated in this study. Faculty members reported high work engagement. There was a positive and significant relationship between work engagement and interactional (P = 0.010) and transformational leadership (P = 0.001). ‎There was a significant difference between manager’s and employee’s views on the interactional ‎and transformational leadership (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Managers can promote job engagement by selecting the proper leadership style, and the advantages can be leveraged to boost organizational productivity.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK REMUNERASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DOKTER SPESIALIS DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Rima Semiarty ◽  
Verinita Verinita
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hospital Organization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motivation To Work

Performance specialists is something that is very important in order to achieve the objectives Hospital Organization for specialists is the frontline in the service of clients in the hospital so important to know the factors that influence it. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact / influence of the system of remuneration and working environment on the performance and motivation as an intervening or mediating variable in the installation department of obstetrics and child XYZ Hospital Padang. This study uses a quantitative approach to research explanatori. Sampling in the Census, ie as many as 36 people obstetricians and children. Data analysis technique used in this study using the approach Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that there was no significant effect between remuneration and the performance of the T statistics amounted to 0.549 (less than 1.96) and the p value 0.002 (greater than 0.05) so the hypothesis is rejected. No significant difference between the work environment and performance statisticsT is smaller than TTable and p value is greater than alpha so the hypothesis is rejected. No significant difference between the motivation to work on performance because the hypothesis is rejected. A significant difference between the remuneration and motivation to work as much as 2.8%. No significant difference between the working environment on work motivation for the hypothesis is rejected. While remuneration on performance mediated by labor motivation does not have a significant effect.

scholarly journals Effect of face mask use on cardioventilatoryand performance parameters: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Jeronymo Uébe Mansur ◽  
Bárbara Vieira Bolckau Miranda ◽  
Paloma Priscila Porreca ◽  
Victor Paes Dias Gonçalves ◽  
Anderson Pontes Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The main way to combat and prevent the spread of COVID-19 is through the use of face masksin all situations, whether in public places or workspaces and also during physical activity or exercise. However, recommendations for the use of face masks during exercise vary globally and the physiological impact of using tissue or surgical masks duringthis activity is not well understood. Thus, the objective of this work is to carry out a systematic review to investigate the impact of using a mask during physical activity or exercise in the parameters: ventilatory, physiological, and performance. A structured search was performed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) in the Medline / PubMed and Web of Science, Scopus and Bireme / Lilacs / BVS databases until May 2021. Seven published studies were included in the systematic review. All studies were randomized controlled and crossover clinical trials, seven studies used a surgical mask in their analysis, three studies used a P95 mask, and two studies used a cloth mask. When analyzing the results, four studies showed no significant difference in the use of surgical masks in relation to performance, ventilatory and hemodynamic function parameters; three studies showed a significant worsening with the condition of using a mask in ventilatory, cardiorespiratoryand performance parameters. It was concluded that the findings of the evaluated studies showed divergences in ventilatory, physiological and performance parameters. It is believed that it may be related to the types of exercise protocols used in the assessment. In addition, the study methods had a low risk of bia

Privatization, Performance, and Efficiency: A Study of Indian Banks

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Sathye
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Impact

Enhancing efficiency and performance of public sector banks (PSBs) is a key objective of economic reforms in many countries including India. It is believed that private ownership helps improve efficiency and performance. Accordingly, the Indian government started diluting its equity in PSBs from early 1990s in a phased manner. Has the partial privatization of Indian banks really helped improve their efficiency and performance? International evidence on impact of privatization is mixed. Though the issue is important in the Indian context, no study to the author's knowledge has addressed it so far. The present study, thus, fills an important gap. The data required for the study were obtained from Performance Highlights of Banks, a publication of the Indian Banks' Association. The author could readily obtain publications for five years — 1998-2002; his analysis is, thus, restricted to these five years. The financial performance of the banks was measured using the standard financial performance measures such as return on assets. The efficiency of banks was measured using accounting ratios, e.g., deposits per employee. Two main approaches are generally used to evaluate the impact of privatization on firm performance: ‘Synchronic’ approach in which the performance of state-owned firms is compared with the firms that were privatized or with the firms that were already in private ownership. ‘Historical’ approach, in which ex-ante and ex-post privatization performance of the same enterprise is compared. Given that the data are available for only five years, the author uses the synchronic approach. Since the dataset is not large enough to allow the use of more robust multivariate statistical procedures, he confines himself to the use of the difference of means test. This study reveals the following: Financial performance of partially privatized banks (measured by return on assets) and their efficiency (measured by three different ratios) were significantly higher than that of the fully public banks. In the matter of quality of advances (measured by the ratio of non-performing assets to net advances), significant difference was not found in these two groups. Of course, there is no quick fix for this problem. Partially privatized banks also seem to be catching up fast with fully private banks as no significant difference was found in financial performance and efficiency between them. On comparing the strategies of privatization in India with the other countries, India was found to adopt the strategy of initial public offerings like Poland. This strategy failed in Poland but seems to have succeeded in India. Gradual privatization and well-developed financial markets seem to have contributed to Indian success.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Electronic Learning and Blended Learning on the Empowerment of the Caregivers of Cancer Patients Under Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Karimi ◽  
Nahid ZarifSanaiey ◽  
Fatemeh Vizeshfar
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electronic Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: Cancer is a chronic disease that affects the person and family. E-learning is a common method of educating for patients and caregivers. The present study aimed to compare the impact of electronic learning and blended learning on the empowerment of the caregivers of cancer patients under chemotherapy. Methods: This clinical trial was performed in the main chemotherapy center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during October 2018-December 2020. A total of 123 caregivers of cancer patients who were under chemotherapy were selected through simple random sampling based on drawing in two intervention groups and one control group. The empowerment of caregivers was evaluated using the caregivers’ empowerment questionnaire in all three groups at the beginning of the study, immediately after the intervention, and one month after intervention. The data were analyzed by descriptive and statistical tests utilizing the SPSS software version 22. Results: The comparison of knowledge scores between the two intervention groups shows not significant difference between the two groups (P=0.3). Comparison of attitude scores demonstrated the group intervention one had a better attitude than the two others groups after intervention (P0.003). The mean performance score increased in both intervention groups with a significant difference (P=000). No significant differences were observed between demographic data and knowledge, attitude and performance of three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that electronic and blended learning types affected the attitude and performance of patients’ caregivers. Therefore, blended learning could be applied as a source of enhancing the empowerment of caregivers.

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