scholarly journals Metabolic and physiological responses to progressive drought stress in bread wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Itam ◽  
Ryosuke Mega ◽  
Shota Tadano ◽  
Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽  
Sachiko Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Abstract Wheat (Tritium aestivum) is vulnerable to future climate change because it is predominantly grown under rain-fed conditions in drought-prone areas. Thus, in-depth understanding of drought effect on wheat metabolism is essential for developing drought-tolerant wheat varieties. Here, we exposed wheat ‘Norin 61’ plants to progressive drought stress [0 (before drought), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after withholding water] during the flowering stage to investigate physiological and metabolomic responses. Transcriptional analyses of key abscisic acid-responsive genes indicated that abscisic acid signalling played a major role in the adaptation of wheat to water deficit. Carbon isotope composition had a higher value than the control while canopy temperature (CT) increased under drought stress. The CT depression was tightly correlated with soil water potential (SWP). Additionally, SWP at − 517 kPa was identified as the critical point for increasing CT and inducing reactive oxygen species. Metabolome analysis identified four potential drought-responsive biomarkers, the enhancement of nitrogen recycling through purine and pyrimidine metabolism, drought-induced senescence based on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and Asn accumulation, and an anti-senescence response through serotonin accumulation under severe drought stress. Our findings provide in-depth insight into molecular, physiological and metabolite changes involved in drought response which are useful for wheat breeding programs to develop drought-tolerant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Drought stress response in winter wheat varieties – changes in leaf proteins and proteolytic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Simova-Stoilova ◽  
Elisaveta Kirova ◽  
Dobrina Pecheva
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies

Radiation mutagenesis has been used in sustainable agriculture as a tool for increasing plant variability and providing new lines for selection. This necessitates a comparison, by using suitable stress markers, of the newly created lines with some well-established varieties, which are stress tolerant or susceptible. Drought is one of the most frequently encountered stresses with deleterious effects on plant performance and crop yield. Winter wheat seedlings (soil cultures at 3–4th leaf stage) from one mutant line (M181/1338K), one drought-tolerant (Guinness) and one sensitive variety (Farmer) were subjected to severe drought stress by water withholding, followed by recovery. Changes in leaf protein profiles, the amount of Rubisco large subunit (RLS), some specific chloroplast proteins such as Rubisco binding protein (RPB), Rubisco activase (RA), the chaperone subunit clpA/C of clp protease, as well as the activities of exo- and endo-proteases were analyzed. At the protein level, some differences were found in the drought response of genotypes – stability of RLS and RBP in M181/1338K and Guinness, diminution of RLS and increase in RBP in Farmer. RA presented strong up-regulation at recovery in Guinness but decreased in content under drought in M181/1338K and Farmer. Increase in ClpA/C level was found in all compared varieties under stress. Strong increase in total proteolytic activity was detected under drought only in Farmer. Inhibitory analysis revealed a predominance of cysteine and serine protease types. Aminopeptidase activities remained higher at recovery in M181/1338K and Farmer. Results are discussed in terms of genotype-linked different stress coping strategies.

The Role of Abscisic Acid in the Response of Two Different Wheat Varieties to Water Deficit

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Ezzat Mohamed ◽  
Ghada Saber M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Negative Effect

The changes in plant growth, transpiration rate, photosynthetic activity, plant pigments, electrolyte leakage, H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and endogenous content of abscisic acid (ABA) were followed in the leaves of two wheat varieties (sakha 93 and 94) during drought stress and subsequent rehydration. Drought stress caused several inhibitory changes in the growth of both wheat varieties, particularly in sakha 94. Exogenous ABA treatment improved the growth of sakha 93 plants as indicated by a higher relative water content, transpiration rate and lower electrolyte leakage and also enhanced the growth during the recovery period. Such improvement may be the result of the induction of enzymatic (catalase) and non-enzymatic (carotenoid) systems. ABA treatment did not ameliorate the negative effect of drought on the growth of sakha 94.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolism and Hormone Response Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Triploid Mulberry (Morus Alba L.) Trees Against Drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Hongmei Sun ◽  
Lijun Bao ◽  
Shuhua Han ◽  
Tian Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Sod Activity

The improvement of a plant's tolerance to drought is a major endeavor in agriculture. Polyploid plants often exhibit enhanced stress tolerance relative to their diploid progenitor, but the matching stress tolerance is still little understood. Own-rooted stem cuttings of mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivar Shinichinose (2n = 2x = 28) and Shaansang-305 (2n = 3x = 42) were used in this study, of which the latter (triploid) has more production and application purposes. The responses of triploid Shaansang-305 and diploid progenitor ShinIchinose under drought stress were compared through an investigation of their physiological traits, RNA-seq, and secondary metabolome analysis. The results showed that the triploid exhibited an augmented abscisic acid (ABA) content and a better stress tolerance phenotype under severe drought stress. Further, in the triploid plant some genes (TSPO, NCED3, and LOC21398866) and ATG gene related to ABA signaling showed significantly upregulated expression. Interestingly, the triploid accumulated higher levels of RWC and SOD activity, as well as more wax on the leaf surface, but with less reductive flavonoid than in diploid. Our results suggest triploid plants may better adapt to with drought events. Furthermore, the flavonoid metabolism involved in drought resistance identified here may be of great value to medicinal usage of mulberry. The findings presented here could have substantial implications for future studies of crop breeding.

scholarly journals Drought Survival and Recuperative Ability of Bentgrass Species Associated with Changes in Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin Production

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DaCosta ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cytokinin Content ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Aba Content

Abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins are two groups of plant hormones that play important roles in regulating plant responses to decreases in soil water availability. The primary objective for this study was to determine whether species variability in drought survival and recovery for colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.), and velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) were related to changes in ABA and cytokinin content. Plants of ‘Tiger II’ colonial bentgrass, ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass, and ‘Greenwich’ velvet bentgrass were subjected to two soil moisture treatments: 1) well-watered controls, irrigated three times per week; and 2) drought, irrigation completely withheld for 16 days. For recovery, previously drought-stressed plants were rewatered and irrigated three times per week to evaluate the recovery potential for each species. Drought stress resulted in significant declines in turf quality (TQ), shoot extension rates, canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), daily evapotranspiration rate (ET), and cytokinin content, and significant increases in ABA content for all three bentgrass species. Velvet bentgrass exhibited less severe drought injury, as exhibited by higher TQ, Pn, and daily ET rate compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Velvet bentgrass also had significantly less ABA accumulation, which could allow for continued gas exchange and sustained plant survival during drought stress compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Upon rewatering after drought stress, colonial bentgrass exhibited more rapid recovery in turfgrass growth and water use compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass. The higher recuperative ability of colonial bentgrass could be associated with its more rapid decline in ABA content and increases in cytokinin content compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass.

scholarly journals   Role of abscisic acid and drought stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bano ◽  
F. Ullah ◽  
A. Nosheen
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Endogenous Aba

The effect of drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) applied at tillering stage (55 days after sowing) was compared in 2 wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and contents of endogenous ABA in plants were measured at 3 days of drought stress in cv. Chakwal-97 (drought tolerant) and cv. Punjab-96 (drought susceptible). ABA was applied at 10<sup>&ndash;6</sup> mol/L as presowing seed treatment for 18 h. Drought tolerant cultivar has a more efficient mechanism to scavenge reactive oxygen species as shown by a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD. Under drought stress, ABA significantly increased the activities of SOD and POD, showing a significant decline on rewatering. The relative water content was significantly increased by ABA priming under drought stress in both wheat cultivars. The sensitive cultivar exhibiting lower endogenous ABA content was more responsive to ABA priming. On rewatering, the magnitude of recovery from drought stress was greater in tolerant cultivar. ABA was highly effective in improving grain weight of tolerant cultivar under drought stress. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Endophytic Bacterial Microbiome Diversity in Early Developmental Stage Plant Tissues of Wheat Varieties

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Juraj Medo ◽  
Matúš Kyseľ ◽  
Lucia Zamiešková ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Production Characteristics

Endophytic bacteria are an important part of different functions in plants that lead to plants’ production characteristics as well as their stress response mechanisms. Endophytic bacterial diversity was analyzed in this study to describe 16S rRNA variability and changes in the leaves of drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible wheat when growth under in vitro conditions. A metagenomic analysis was applied and a pilot exploratory study was performed to prove this type of analysis as applicable to tracking endophytic bacterial diversity changes when a drought stress is applied to an in vitro culture of wheat. The study showed that the changes in the bacterial endophytes’ variabilities associated preferentially with the drought stress varietal characteristics of the analyzed wheat instead of the applied stress conditions.

scholarly journals Application of Zinc Fertilizer and Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Wheat Grown under Water-Stressed Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11007
Author(s):  
Syeda Fasiha Amjad ◽  
Nida Mansoora ◽  
Israr Ud Din ◽  
Rana Khalid Iqbal ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Jatoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Drought stress and poor zinc (Zn) are major constraints for commercial agriculture. Their detrimental effects significantly decrease crop’s growth and yield. Less water uptake disturbs the metabolic processes in plants. However, the deficiency of Zn leads to the inactivation of many enzymes. It is well documented that cereal crops, especially wheat, are susceptible to drought and Zn deficiency. Scientists suggest the supplementation of Zn along bio-fertilizers for the sustainable management of these issues. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore the best combination of Zn and bio-fertilizer for wheat. There were two different recommended concentrations of Zn sulfate (Zinc level 1 (Zn1) = 20 and Zinc level 2 (Zn2) = 40 kg ha−1) applied under normal irrigation (75% field capacity = FC) and severe drought stress (40% FC). Sole and combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) with Zn1 and Zn2 was also performed. Osmotic stress (40% FC) significantly decreased the examined growth parameters. It also significantly enhanced antioxidant and oxidative indicators in wheat. A significant increase in root fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot length while a significant decrease in EL, SOD, POD over the control validated the efficacious role of Zn2 + AM. It is concluded that Zn2 + AM can improve wheat root fresh weight and root length wheat under 40% FC. Under different climatic zones, wheat varieties, and soil types, more investigations are recommended to declare Zn2 + AM as the best amendment for improving wheat growth attributes under osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Aegilops tauschii Introgressions Improve Physio-Biochemical Traits and Metabolite Plasticity in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Michael Itam ◽  
Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽  
Yuji Yamasaki ◽  
Ryosuke Mega ◽  
Yasir Gorafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Drought Resistant

With the aim of providing genetic materials for breeding drought-resistant wheat varieties, the physiological and metabolic plasticity of three drought-resistant wheat multiple synthetic derivative lines (MSDLs) and their backcross parent “Norin 61” (N61) were evaluated in response to drought stress. The results indicated that the D-genome introgressions from Aegilops tauschii into the MDSLs improved their drought-adaptive traits. Specifically, MNH5 and MSD345 showed higher photosynthesis rates and triose phosphate utilization than N61 under control conditions, resulting in greater accumulation of glucose and sucrose in the shoots. However, under drought stress, MNH5 and MSD345 had higher intrinsic water use efficiency than MSD53 and N61. The total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity increased in all three MSDLs, whereas no significant changes were found in N61 in response to drought stress. Metabolome analysis identified six common drought-induced metabolites in all of the investigated genotypes. However, four metabolites (adenine, gamma aminobutyric acid, histidine, and putrescine) each specifically accumulated in an MSDL in response to drought stress, suggesting that these metabolites are important for MSDL drought resistance. In conclusion, MNH5 and MSD345 showed better adaptive responses to drought stress than MSD53 and N61, suggesting that these two MSDLs could be explored for breeding drought-resistant wheat lines.

scholarly journals Rice Glycosyltransferase Gene UGT85E1 Is Involved in Drought Stress Tolerance Through Enhancing Abscisic Acid Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Guang-rui Dong ◽  
Yu-qing Ma ◽  
Shu-man Zhao ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Glycosyltransferase Gene ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints affecting plant growth and development and ultimately leads to yield loss. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are believed to play key roles in coping with environmental stresses. In rice, it is estimated that there are more than 200 UGT genes. However, most of them have not been identified as their physiological significance. In this study, we reported the characterization of a putative glycosyltransferase gene UGT85E1 in rice. UGT85E1 gene is significantly upregulated by drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The overexpression of UGT85E1 led to an enhanced tolerance in transgenic rice plants to drought stress, while the ugt85e1 mutants of rice showed a more sensitive phenotype to drought stress. Further studies indicated that UGT85E1 overexpression induced ABA accumulation, stomatal closure, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, increased proline and sugar contents, and upregulated expression of stress-related genes under drought stress conditions. Moreover, when UGT85E1 was ectopically overexpressed in Arabidopsis, the transgenic plants showed increased tolerance to drought as well as in rice. Our findings suggest that UGT85E1 plays an important role in mediating plant response to drought and oxidative stresses. This work may provide a promising candidate gene for cultivating drought-tolerant crops both in dicots and monocots.

scholarly journals Wheat Responses, Defence Mechanisms and Tolerance to Drought Stress: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Savyata Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major basic stable crops grown worldwide, however, it is sensitive to environmental stresses like drought. With climate change, drought stress is becoming an increasingly severe constraint on wheat production which affects the plant growth and development, physiological functions, grain formation, grain quality and ultimately the yield. Various responses including biochemical, physiological, morphological, and molecular adaptations are shown by plants to survive in the drought stress condition. Drought escape, avoidance and tolerance are important coping mechanisms of wheat plant under drought environment. Several mechanisms such as accumulation of ABA, osmotic adjustment, and induction of dehydrins may confer drought tolerance by maintaining the high tissue water potential. As the root structure and root biomass define the pattern of water extraction from the soil, enhanced root and suppressed shoot growth resulting in higher root: shoot ratio facilitated plants to drought tolerance. The development of drought tolerance varieties becomes an important due to the uneven distribution of rainfall and water shortage. Some growth stage-specific physio-morphological traits are fundamental targets to breed drought-tolerant wheat varieties. Mutation breeding, molecular breeding, genome engineering techniques including gene pyramiding, gene stacking, and transgenics are employed to breed wheat for tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought. Omics decode the entire genome to have better understanding of plant molecular responses that will provide precise strategies for crop improvement. This paper discusses the wheat plant’s responses to drought stress, their defense mechanisms and modern techniques for the development of drought tolerant wheat varieties.

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