scholarly journals Quantifying the hydroxyapatite orientation near the ossification front in a piglet femoral condyle using X-ray diffraction tensor tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik K. Mürer ◽  
Basab Chattopadhyay ◽  
Aldritt Scaria Madathiparambil ◽  
Kim Robert Tekseth ◽  
Marco Di Michiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tensor Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Orientation Maps

AbstractWhile a detailed knowledge of the hierarchical structure and morphology of the extracellular matrix is considered crucial for understanding the physiological and mechanical properties of bone and cartilage, the orientation of collagen fibres and carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites remains a debated topic. Conventional microscopy techniques for orientational imaging require destructive sample sectioning, which both precludes further studies of the intact sample and potentially changes the microstructure. In this work, we use X-ray diffraction tensor tomography to image non-destructively in 3D the HA orientation in a medial femoral condyle of a piglet. By exploiting the anisotropic HA diffraction signal, 3D maps showing systematic local variations of the HA crystallite orientation in the growing subchondral bone and in the adjacent mineralized growth cartilage are obtained. Orientation maps of HA crystallites over a large field of view (~ 3 × 3 × 3 mm3) close to the ossification (bone-growth) front are compared with high-resolution X-ray propagation phase-contrast computed tomography images. The HA crystallites are found to predominantly orient with their crystallite c-axis directed towards the ossification front. Distinct patterns of HA preferred orientation are found in the vicinity of cartilage canals protruding from the subchondral bone. The demonstrated ability of retrieving 3D orientation maps of bone-cartilage structures is expected to give a better understanding of the physiological properties of bones, including their propensity for bone-cartilage diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of Mg2+ and Zn2+ Addition on the Structural, Morphological, Physicochemical, Dielectric and Biological Properties of Hydroxyapatite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandhan Narayanasamy ◽  
Panneerselvam Ramaswamy ◽  
Poonguzhali Ramaswamy ◽  
Amali Roselin Arockiam ◽  
Joseph Panneerdoss Issac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Wet Chemical Precipitation

Abstract In the present work, the wet-chemical precipitation technique is employed to prepare Zinc/Magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (HAP). In doped HAP, the X-ray diffraction peak shifts to a higher angle because of the contraction of the lattice parameters along a - axis. The Raman peaks at 519, 440, 1464 cm-1 indicate the presence of Mg, Zn and CO32- in doped HAP respectively. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) measures the grain size of pure, 5% Zn and 5% Mg doped HAP, as 275, 510, and 251 nm respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the morphological change in HAP. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identifies the presence of Mg2+ and Zn2+ in doped HAP. The dopant elevates the hardness and dielectric constant, so the strength and the bone growth of HAP increases. All the doped samples show excellent antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities than the pure HAP.

scholarly journals Engineering of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite-Magnetite Hierarchical Scaffolds for Guided Bone Growth

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pistone ◽  
Celesti ◽  
Piperopoulos ◽  
Ashok ◽  
Cembran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Chitosan Matrix

Bioabsorbable materials have received increasing attention as innovative systems for the development of osteoconductive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. In this paper, chitosan-based composites were synthesized adding hydroxyapatite and/or magnetite in a chitosan matrix by in situ precipitation technique. Composites were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro cell culture studies. Hydroxyapatite and magnetite were found to be homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix and the composites showed superior biocompatibility and the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation; in particular, the chitosan/hydroxyapatite/magnetite composite (CS/HA/MGN) demonstrated superior bioactivity with respect to pure chitosan (CS) and to the chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffolds

A SURFACE X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE GROWTH OF ULTRATHIN LAYERS OF Fe ON Cu(001)

1994 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. JAMES ◽  
C. NORRIS ◽  
C.L. NICKLIN ◽  
R.G. VAN SILFHOUT ◽  
P.B. HOWES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Growth ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Ultrathin Layers ◽  
Fcc Phase

Although it is well known that the γ (fcc) phase of Fe can be stabilised on Cu(001) single crystal substrates, there is still considerable disagreement about the exact nature of the growth mode and the structures that evolve with increasing film thickness. A detailed knowledge of the structure and morphology is essential for a complete understanding of the magnetic properties of ultrathin iron films. Surface X-ray diffraction measurements, recorded in real time during deposition of Fe deposition on Cu(001), are presented. At room temperature, well-defined layer-by-layer growth, with no significant agglomeration of iron, was observed. The specular intensity of the X-ray beam varied parabolically with coverage, as predicted by kinematical theory. Intensity oscillations were observed up to 15 Fe monolayers, at which coverage relaxation to the α (bcc) phase was confirmed. At 85 K the growth is diffusion limited.

Electrospun Fibers Incorporated With Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Graphene Nanoflakes for Bone Scaffolding

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jabbarnia ◽  
V. R. Patlolla ◽  
H. E. Misak ◽  
R. Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Graphene Nanoflakes ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers

Sol-gel driven hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and graphene nanoflakes were incorporated with polycaprolactone (PCL) at different concentrations, and then electrospun at various spinning conditions, such as distance, electrical potential, viscosity and pump speed. The HA nanoparticles were initially amorphous, so they were annealed at elevated temperature (750 °C) for two hours to make them crystalline. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques were conducted on the produced nanocomposite fibers. The studies showed that the HA nanoparticles (20–50 nm) and graphene were well distributed in the PCL fibers (500 nm to 5 μm). We believed that such nanoscale biomaterials can accelerate the bone growth and bone regeneration for many patients who are seeking solutions.

HAp/TiO2 nanocomposites: Influence of TiO2 on microstructure and mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Vemulapalli ◽  
Rama Murty Raju Penmetsa ◽  
Ramanaiah Nallu ◽  
Rajesh Siriyala
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Ball

Hydroxyapatite is a very attractive material for artificial implants and human tissue restorations because they accelerate bone growth around the implant. The hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (HAp/TiO2) were produced by using high energy ball milling. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of HAp and TiO2 composites. Cubic-like crystals with boundary morphologies were observed; it was also found that the grain size gradually increased with the increase in TiO2 content. It was found that the mechanical properties (hardness, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural strength, and compression strength)of the composites significantly improved with the addition of TiO2, which was sintered at 1200℃. These properties were then also correlated with the microstructure of the composites. This paper investigates the effect of titania (TiO2 = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) nanocomposites.

Accelerated X-Ray Diffraction (Tensor) Tomography Simulation Using OptiX GPU Ray-Tracing Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2347-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ulseth ◽  
Zheyuan Zhu ◽  
Yangyang Sun ◽  
Shuo Pang
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tensor Tomography

scholarly journals Physicochemical investigation of shrimp fossils from the Romualdo and Ipubi formations (Araripe Basin)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Alcântara Barros ◽  
João Hermínio Silva ◽  
Gilberto Dantas Saraiva ◽  
Bartolomeu Cruz Viana ◽  
Alexandre Rocha Paschoal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Physicochemical Investigation ◽  
Dominant Phase

The Ipubi and Romualdo Formations are Cretaceous units of the Araripe Basin (Santana Group). The first and most ancient was deposited in a lake environment, and some fossils were preserved in shales deposited under blackish conditions. The second was deposited in a marine environment, preserving a rich paleontological content in calcareous concretions. Considering that these two environments preserved their fossils under different processes, in this work we investigated the chemical composition of two fossilized specimens, one from each of the studied stratigraphic units, and compared them using vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and IR), X-ray diffraction and large-field energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings. Calcite was observed as the dominant phase and carbon was observed in the fossils as a byproduct of the decomposition. The preservation of hydroxide calcium phosphate (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, hydroxyapatite) was observed in both fossils. In addition, it was observed that there was a smaller amount of pyrite (pyritization) in the Romualdo Formation sample than in the Ipubi one. Large-field EDS measurements showed the major presence of the chemical elements calcium, oxygen, iron, aluminum and fluoride in the Ipubi fossil, indicating a greater influence of inorganic processes in its fossilization. Our results also suggest that the Romualdo Formation fossilization process involved the substitution of the hydroxyl group by fluorine, providing durability to the fossils.

scholarly journals Effect of Cerium-Containing Hydroxyapatite in Bone Repair in Female Rats with Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Ewerton Vieira ◽  
Marcos Silva ◽  
Antonio Maia-Filho ◽  
Daniel Ferreira ◽  
José Figuerêdo-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Osteoporosis is a public health problem, with bone loss being the main consequence. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been largely used as a bioceramic to stimulate bone growth. In our work, a cerium-containing HA (Ce-HA) has been proposed and its effects on the antimicrobial and bone-inducing properties were investigated. The synthesis of the materials occurred by the suspension–precipitation method (SPM). The XRD (X-ray Diffraction) confirmed the crystalline phase, and the Rietveld refinement confirmed the crystallization of HA and Ce-HA in a hexagonal crystal structure in agreement with ICSD n° 26205. Characterizations by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy), and FESEM-EDS (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) confirmed the presence of cerium (Ce3+ and Ce4+). The antibacterial activity of Has was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus 25,923 and Escherichia coli 25,922 strains, which revealed that the material has antimicrobial properties and the cytotoxicity assay indicated that Ce-containing HA was classified as non-toxic. The effects of Ce-HA on bone repair, after application in bone defects in the tibia of female rats with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX), were evaluated. After 15 and 30 days of implantation, the samples were analyzed by Raman, histology and X-ray microtomography. The results showed that the animals that had the induced bone defects filled with the Ce-HA materials had more expressive bone neoformation than the control group.

Novel Near Field Detector for Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (39) ◽  
pp. 2341-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Annett ◽  
Sergio Morelhao ◽  
Darren Dale ◽  
Stefan Kycia
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Large Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThree dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) microscopy is a powerful technique that provides crystallographic and spatial information of a large number, of the order of thousands, of crystalline grains in a sample simultaneously. A key component of every 3DXRD microscopy experiment is the near field detector that provides high resolution spatial information of the grains. In this work we present a novel design for a semi-transparent, 16 megapixel near field detector. As opposed to a typical single scintillator phosphor detector, this design, we call the Quad Near Field Detector, uses four quadrants. It has a total field of view is 5.3 mm x 5.3 mm with an effective pixel size of 1.3 µm x 1.3 µm. The detector’s relatively large field of view can be used to obtain higher order diffraction spots which we anticipate will lead to improved spatial resolution in grain reconstructions. The large field of view can also enable the detector to be positioned further from the sample, in this way increasing the working distance and enabling larger environmental cells for in-situ studies. Many alignment parameters can be resolved by careful mechanical design. For this reason a novel translation stage for focusing the microscopes was developed, tested, and implemented. The near field detector was calibrated and characterized at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source. The operational feasibility of such a multi-plate detector demonstrated in this work paves the way for new technologies in instrumentation of 3DXRD microscopy.

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