scholarly journals Nanoplasmonic immunosensor for the detection of SCG2, a candidate serum biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Hee Lim ◽  
Yun-Ju Sung ◽  
Narae Jo ◽  
Na-Yoon Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Shim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Highly Sensitive

AbstractThe neural circuits of the infant brain are rapidly established near 6 months of age, but neurodevelopmental disorders can be diagnosed only at the age of 2–3 years using existing diagnostic methods. Early diagnosis is very important to alleviate life-long disability in patients through appropriate early intervention, and it is imperative to develop new diagnostic methods for early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum level of secretogranin II (SCG2) in pediatric patients to evaluate its potential role as a biomarker for neurodevelopmental disorders. A plasmonic immunosensor performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a gold nanodot array was developed to detect SCG2 in small volumes of serum. This nanoplasmonic immunosensor combined with tyramide signal amplification was highly sensitive to detect SCG2 in only 5 μL serum samples. The analysis using the nanoplasmonic immunosensor revealed higher serum SCG2 levels in pediatric patients with developmental delay than in the control group. Overexpression or knockdown of SCG2 in hippocampal neurons significantly attenuated dendritic arborization and synaptic formation. These results suggest that dysregulated SCG2 expression impairs neural development. In conclusion, we developed a highly sensitive nanoplasmonic immunosensor to detect serum SCG2, a candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Circulating Natural IgM Antibodies against Angiogenin in the Peripheral Blood Sera of Patients with Osteosarcoma as Candidate Biomarkers and Reporters of Tumorigenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. BIC.S6040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Savitskaya ◽  
Genaro Rico ◽  
Luis Linares ◽  
Roberto González ◽  
René Téllez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Natural Igm

Background Tumor immunology research has led to the identification of a number of tumor-associated self antigens, suggesting that most tumors trigger an immunogenic response, as is the case in osteosarcoma, where the detection of natural serum IgM antibodies might achieve the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Natural IgM antibodies to tumor-associated proteins may expand the number of available tumor biomarkers for osteosarcoma and may be used together in a serum profile to enhance test sensitivity and specificity. Natural IgM antibodies can be consistently detected in the peripheral blood sera months to years before the tumor is diagnosed clinically. The study of the level of a potential biomarker many months (or years) prior to diagnosis is fundamentally important. Integrated circulating and imaging markers in clinical practice treating osteosarcoma have potential applications for controlling tumor angiogenesis. Objectives To study the expression of natural IgM antibodies to the tumor antigens of angiogenesis in the peripheral blood sera of osteosarcoma patients and healthy individuals, and to develop serum-based predictive biomarkers. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 117 osteosarcoma patients and 117 patients with other tumors. All diagnosis was histologically confirmed. Staging of patients was performed according to the Enneking Surgical Staging System. The control group consisted of 117 age- and sex- matched healthy individuals. In this study, novel immunoconjugates were designed, synthesized and then used to develop a rapid, specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to detect angiogenin (ANG)–IgM directly in the peripheral blood sera of humans. Results Serum ANG–IgM levels are significantly higher in osteosarcoma patients than in healthy individuals ( P < 0.005). Serum ANG–IgM levels varied widely, but were highly dependent on the concentration of IgM (r = 0.85; P < 0.0005). We found ANG–IgM in the sera of 85% of newly diagnosed osteosarcoma patients and ANG–IgM levels were significantly higher in osteosarcoma patients compared to any other tumors ( P < 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrated that the combined biomarker ANG–IgM has greater sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of osteosarcoma patients than the traditional biomarkers (ANG and vascular endothelial growth factor). Circulating ANG–IgM immune complexes can potentially serve as a biomarker for increased risk of osteosarcoma, because relatively high serum levels were also detected in otherwise healthy individuals with a first degree family history of osteosarcoma and in patients with a diagnosis of benign conditions. Immunological aspects of angiogenesis for managing osteosarcoma will have a practical value in early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring response to antiangiogenic therapy.

Automatic Detection and Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-425
Author(s):  
Thanga Aarthy M. ◽  
Menaka R. ◽  
Karthik R.
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Methods

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing gradually every year. One in 100 children are diagnosed with brain function disorder. There are wide categories of disorder such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, learning, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), etc. In this work, the focus is on ASD, its clinical methods, and analysis in various research works. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects the intellectual functioning, social interaction (adaptive behavior), and has a specific obsessive interest. At present, there is no known cure for ASD, but the level of the pathological condition can be reduced when it is detected early. Early detection is tough and challenging till date. Many researches were carried out to ease the early detection for clinicians. Each method has its own merits and demerits. This chapter reviews and condenses various research works and their efficacy in analysis for the early diagnosis and improvement in children with autism.

scholarly journals Nesfatin-1 and Vaspin as Potential Novel Biomarkers for the Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radzisław Mierzyński ◽  
Elżbieta Poniedziałek-Czajkowska ◽  
Dominik Dłuski ◽  
Jolanta Patro-Małysza ◽  
Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered to be one of the most frequent medical complication observed among pregnant women. The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM remains strictly unknown. Different adipokines have been studied throughout gestation, and they have been proposed as biomarkers of GDM and other pregnancy-related complications; however, there is no biomarker reported for GDM screening at present. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum nesfatin-1 and vaspin levels in GDM and non-GDM women, to characterize the correlation between these adipokines, and to assess the potential role of circulating adipokines in the prediction of risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Serum concentrations of nesfatin-1 and vaspin were measured in 153 women with GDM, and in 84 patients with uncomplicated pregnancy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Circulating levels of nesfatin-1 and vaspin were significantly lower in the GDM group than in the control group. Nesfatin-1 levels were negatively correlated with vaspin levels. The results of this study point out the possible role of nesfatin-1 and vaspin as potential novel biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the influence of nesfatin-1 and vaspin on glucose metabolism in the early stages of GDM.

scholarly journals Common Venues in Romantic Relationships of Adults With Symptoms of Autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrayne Stephane Soares ◽  
Ana Luiza Costa Alves ◽  
Danielle de Souza Costa ◽  
Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Passionate Love ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) figures among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite having opposite stereotypes, both ADHD and ASD compromise, though in different ways, skills such as social interactions, communication skills, and social thinking, which may underlie difficulties in romantic relationships.Methods: We evaluated 306 adults about their romantic relationships and the intensity of their love. Participants were from one of four groups:, individuals with ASD-only traits, a group with symptoms of ADHD-only, participants with neither ADHD nor ASD symptoms (control) or from a fourth group of individuals with both ADHD and ASD traits.Results: The ASD traits group had fewer married people and more people who have never been married, while the rate of divorce was higher in the ADHD traits group. Regarding the intensity of love, the mean scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+ASD traits groups were higher in the Passionate Love Scale than the mean score of the control group. Passionate love in the ASD group was no different from the other groups. Small positive correlations were found between passionate love and ADHD and ASD behavioral problems.Conclusion: Marital status was distinct depending on symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder in adulthood. Also, ADHD and ASD symptoms were associated with greater passionate love. Therefore, ADHD and ASD behavioral dimensions may impact long-term and short-term experiences of a person's relationship with a significant other in distinct ways. Understanding how people with neurodevelopmental disorders experience love might help us to better clarify the mechanisms associated with their relationship patterns.

scholarly journals NEOPTERIN AND RECURRENT SPONTANEOUS ABORTÄ°ON (RSA): THE EFFECT OF CELLULAR IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION ON SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1028-1031
Author(s):  
SongĂĽl ĂśnĂĽvar ◽  
Zübeyde Tanrıverdi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Neopterin ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background: Recurrent miscarriages are common complications in pregnancy. Neopterin is one of the immunologic biomarkers of several diseases related to activation of the cellular immune system. RSA is associated with immune system related abnormalities.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neopterin levels in the early diagnosis of RSA.Methods: Eighty RSA patients and forty-three healthy controls were included in the study. The neopterin concentrations were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. For the statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation test were used the; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Serum mean neopterin levels were 16.47±0.095 nmol/L in RSA group and 6.14±0.041 nmol/L in control group, respectively. Compared to the control group, a statistically significant increase (p=0.0183) in the serum neopterin levels of the patients was observed. There was a negative correlation between serum neopterin level and age in both the control (R=0.0774, p=0.6236) and RSA groups (R=0.1415, p=0.2089). However, this correlation was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: With overstimulation of interferon-γ (INF-γ) during pregnancy, the production of neopterin increases by monocytes/macrophages. The measurement of neopterin levels in the serum contributes to the early diagnosis of pregnancy losses.

scholarly journals Methods of diagnosis of acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Labuzov ◽  
Anna B. Salopenkova ◽  
Yaroslav N. Proshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Reliable Methods

Summary. The article presents the analysis of different method for diagnosis of epiphyseal osteomyelitis, including radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, and radioisotope bone scans. We address the advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities of each method from the standpoint of early diagnosis of osteomyelitis in children. Based upon the literature, the most effective and reliable methods for early diagnosis of epiphyseal osteomyelitis in pediatric patients are magnetic resonance and ultrasound. The present diagnostic methods involve no radiation exposure. Using an ultrasonic diagnostic method does not require complete immobility of the patient, can be used from the moment of birth, has widespread availability, and has a relative low cost to allow its use in any medical institution.

scholarly journals Distribution of Visual and Oculomotor Alterations in a Clinical Population of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Carmen Bilbao ◽  
David Pablo Piñero
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
The Right

A prospective, non-randomized comparative study was conducted to compare the distribution of oculomotor and visual alterations in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and healthy children without such disorders. Sixty-nine children (aged 6–13 years) were enrolled and divided into three groups: a control group (CG) of 23 healthy children; a group of 18 healthy children with oculomotor abnormalities (OAG); and a group of 28 children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDDG), with 15 cases of dyslexia, 7 cases of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and 6 cases of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Significantly worse near stereopsis was found in NDDG compared with CG (p < 0.001) and OAG (p = 0.001). Likewise, a significantly lower amplitude of accommodation was found in NDDG compared with CG in both the right (p = 0.001) and left eyes (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences between groups were found in the measurement of near and distance phoria (p ≥ 0.557), near point of convergence (p = 0.700) and fusional vergences (p ≥ 0.059). Significantly impaired oculomotor test scores were found in NDDG compared with CG (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between OAG and NDDG (p ≥ 0.063). The comparison between the three types of neurodevelopmental disorders included revealed the presence of a significantly lower amplitude of accommodation in children with DCD compared with dyslexics. Furthermore, less exophoria at near was present in children with dyslexia compared with children with ADHD (p = 0.018) and DCD (p = 0.054). In conclusion, children with dyslexia, ADHD and DCD show an altered oculomotor pattern and a more reduced amplitude of accommodation, not always compatible with the diagnostic criteria of an accommodative insufficiency. Accommodative and binocular vision problems are not always present in these children and cannot be considered an etiologic factor.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Differentiated Forms of Helicobacter pylori in Children with Epigastric Pain

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Ling Ng ◽  
Seng Hock Quak ◽  
Marion Aw ◽  
Kee Tai Goh ◽  
Bow Ho
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Spiral Form ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection affects human populations of all ages. This gastric bacterium exists in spiral form and the reported viable but nonculturable coccoid form. The present study aims to examine the probable role of the coccoid form in H. pylori infection by comparing the seroprevalences of the spiral and the coccoid forms in children with epigastric pain. Four hundred eighty-nine children (mean age, 8.5 years) with epigastric pain formed the basis of this study. Five hundred ninety-nine schoolchildren of comparable ages and with no record of dyspepsia served as controls. The seroprevalence of antigens prepared from both morphological forms was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that 65 (13.3%) and 273 (55.8%) of 489 symptomatic children were seropositive for antigens of the H. pylori spiral and coccoid forms, respectively. In contrast, only 7.0% of the control group had elevated levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the spiral form, while 26.5% were positive for antibodies against the coccoid form. There were no significant differences between genders or among ethnic groups. The study showed a rise in seroprevalence corresponding with age: 7.1% for those ≤5 years to 21.4% for those ≥11 years. The seroprevalence of antigens of the H. pylori spiral and coccoid forms in children with epigastric pain was twofold higher than that in the control subjects. Interestingly, there was a fourfold increase in seropositivity for coccoid-form antigen compared to that for the spiral-form antigen among the symptomatic pediatric patients as well as the control group, indicating a possible infective role of the coccoid form of H. pylori in the pediatric patients with epigastric pain.

scholarly journals Establishment of Simple and Routine Methods in Early Diagnosis of Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Injury Based on a Rat Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiyan Liu ◽  
Youxi Kang ◽  
Huiqin Zhang ◽  
Long Zhu ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

The changes in biomarkers of gentamycin- (GM-) induced kidney injury have been studied by using simple and routine methods and also assessed the efficacy and utility of these routine biomarkers in early diagnosis. Eighty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: three experimental groups treated with different GM dosages (4, 20, and 100 mg·kg−1) and a control group. The experimental groups were given intramuscular GM injections once daily for 14 days, and the control group was given intramuscular sterile water. Blood and urine samples were collected on treatment days 1, 3, 7, and 14 to test for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), uric acid (UA), pH, specific gravity (SG), proteins (PRO), and cells in urinary sediment. Histopathology and kidney coefficient were performed on excised kidney specimens. The result indicated that serum CRE, BUN, and TP, urine PRO, and urinary hyaline casts and low-transitional epithelium showed an immediate and highly sensitive response to kidney injury, and the combined diagnosis with the above methods could be used in early diagnosis. Particularly, the process of the test was simple and quick, no special equipment, so it is more suit for primary medical institution.

scholarly journals Serum Mesothelin for Diagnosing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1541-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hollevoet ◽  
Johannes B. Reitsma ◽  
Jenette Creaney ◽  
Bogdan D. Grigoriu ◽  
Bruce W. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Histologic Subtype

Purpose Mesothelin is currently considered the best available serum biomarker of malignant pleural mesothelioma. To examine the diagnostic accuracy and use of serum mesothelin in early diagnosis, we performed an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. Methods The literature search identified 16 diagnostic studies of serum mesothelin, measured with the Mesomark enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IPD of 4,491 individuals were collected, including several control groups and 1,026 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mesothelin levels were standardized for between-study differences and age, after which the diagnostic accuracy and the factors affecting it were examined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) regression analysis. Results At a common diagnostic threshold of 2.00 nmol/L, the sensitivities and specificities of mesothelin in the different studies ranged widely from 19% to 68% and 88% to 100%, respectively. This heterogeneity can be explained by differences in study population, because type of control group, mesothelioma stage, and histologic subtype significantly affected the diagnostic accuracy. The use of mesothelin in early diagnosis was evaluated by differentiating 217 patients with stage I or II epithelioid and biphasic mesothelioma from 1,612 symptomatic or high-risk controls. The resulting area under the ROC curve was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.81). At 95% specificity, mesothelin displayed a sensitivity of 32% (95% CI, 26% to 40%). Conclusion In patients suspected of having mesothelioma, a positive blood test for mesothelin at a high-specificity threshold is a strong incentive to urge further diagnostic steps. However, the poor sensitivity of mesothelin clearly limits its added value to early diagnosis and emphasizes the need for further biomarker research.

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