scholarly journals Methods of diagnosis of acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Labuzov ◽  
Anna B. Salopenkova ◽  
Yaroslav N. Proshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Reliable Methods

Summary. The article presents the analysis of different method for diagnosis of epiphyseal osteomyelitis, including radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, and radioisotope bone scans. We address the advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities of each method from the standpoint of early diagnosis of osteomyelitis in children. Based upon the literature, the most effective and reliable methods for early diagnosis of epiphyseal osteomyelitis in pediatric patients are magnetic resonance and ultrasound. The present diagnostic methods involve no radiation exposure. Using an ultrasonic diagnostic method does not require complete immobility of the patient, can be used from the moment of birth, has widespread availability, and has a relative low cost to allow its use in any medical institution.

Progress in diagnostic imaging of anal inflammatory diseases

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Piłat ◽  
Sławomir Rudzki ◽  
Jacek Bicki ◽  
Wojciech Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Price ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Metal Implants

The authors present issues related to the diagnosis of the most common inflammatory diseases of the anus. They deal with anal fistulas and abscesses in a special way. They present various diagnostic methods: from basic proctological examination to instrumental methods. They asses the usefulness, disadvantages and limitations of individual methods. The highest assessment of the presented diagnostic methods was obtained by two tests, i.e. magnetic resonance imaging and endosonographic examination in the 3D option, supported by the use of the render mode option or hydrogen peroxide as a contrast agent. In a sense, both examinations are comparable when it comes to inflammatory diseases of the anus. For endosonographic examination, the advantage is low cost, repeatability and availability. The disadvantage of magnetic resonance imaging is the high price of the test, the low availability and possible claustrophobia of the patient or the presence of metal implants. However, the undeniable advantage of magnetic resonance imaging is the ability to assess anal fistulas or abscesses located high above the levator muscles. In the assessment of deeply located lesions, the advantage of magnetic resonance results from the shorter focus of the endosonographic probe. The high frequency of the probe gives good image quality, but it is paid for the shorter penetration of the ultrasound rays. The use of the render mode or contrast – hydrogen peroxide option puts the endosonographic examination in a one row with magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the most frequent occurring fistulas and abscesses. Considering lower costs, repeatability of the endosonographic examination it is a valuable modern instrument in the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of the anus.

Possibilities of Magnetic Resonance Tomography in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
A. M. Shariya ◽  
T. V. Martynyuk ◽  
S. K. Ternovoy ◽  
M. A. Shariya
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Noninvasive Evaluation ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function ◽  
Reliable Methods

The emergence of more effective methods for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has called for more reliable methods of diagnostics, monitoring, and evaluating responses to the treatment. More reports have become available about the relevance of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for examination of patients with PAH. This review provides data on the significance of MRI for noninvasive evaluation of the heart structure and function in patients with PAH, as well as for visualization and evaluation of the remodeling of the pulmonary circulation. According to the data presented in this review, the results obtained with various, modern MRI technologies can be used for monitoring the effect of treatment and for risk stratification in patients with PAH.

scholarly journals Gd3+-DTPA-Meglumine-Anionic Linear Globular Dendrimer G1: Novel Nanosized Low Toxic Tumor Molecular MR Imaging Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmineh Darvish Mohamadi ◽  
Massoud Amanlou ◽  
Negar Ghalandarlaki ◽  
Bita Mehravi ◽  
Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mr Images

Despite the great efforts in the areas of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, this disease continues to grow and is still a global killer. Cancer treatment efficiency is relatively high in the early stages of the disease. Therefore, early diagnosis is a key factor in cancer treatment. Among the various diagnostic methods, molecular imaging is one of the fastest and safest ones. Because of its unique characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging has a special position in most researches. To increase the contrast of MR images, many pharmaceuticals have been known and used so far. Gadopentetate (with commercial name Magnevist) is the first magnetic resonance imaging contrast media that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In this study, gadopentetate was first synthesized and then attached to a tree-like polymer called dendrimer which is formed by polyethylene glycol core and surrounding citric acid groups. Stability studies of the drug were carried out to ensure proper synthesis. Then, the uptake of the drug into liver hepatocellular cell line and the drug cytotoxicity were evaluated. Finally, in vitro and in vivo MR imaging were performed with the new synthetic drug. Based on the findings of this research, connecting gadopentetate to dendrimer surface produces a stronger, safer, and more efficient contrast media. Gd(III)-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate-meglumine-dendrimer drug has the ability to enter cells and does not produce significant cytotoxicity. It also increases the relaxivity of tissue and enhances the MR images contrast. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that the binding of gadopentetate to citric acid dendrimer produces a new, biodegradable, stable, and strong version of the old contrast media.

scholarly journals A Free Virtual Reality Experience to Prepare Pediatric Patients for Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ashmore ◽  
Jerome Di Pietro ◽  
Kelly Williams ◽  
Euan Stokes ◽  
Anna Symons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Median Score ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staff Members

BACKGROUND A magnetic resonance image (MRI) is a diagnostic test that requires patients to lie still for prolonged periods within a claustrophobic and noisy environment. This can be difficult for children to tolerate, and often general anesthetic (GA) is required at considerable cost and detriment to patient safety. Virtual reality (VR) is a newly emerging technology that can be implemented at low cost within a health care setting. It has been shown to reduce fear associated with a number of high-anxiety situations and medical procedures. OBJECTIVE The goal of the research was to develop a VR resource to prepare pediatric patients for MRI, helping to reduce anxieties in children undergoing the procedure. METHODS A freely accessible VR preparation resource was developed to prepare pediatric patients for their upcoming MRI. The resource consists of an app and supporting preparation book and used a series of panoramic 360 degree videos of the entire MRI journey, including footage from within the bore of the scanner. The app, deployed via the Android Play Store and iOS App Store, can be viewed on most mobile phones, allowing a child to experience an MRI in VR using an inexpensive Google Cardboard headset. The app contains 360 degree videos within an animated, interactive VR interface designed for 4 to 12-year-olds. The resource was evaluated as part of a clinical audit on 23 patients (aged 4 to 12 years), and feedback was obtained from 10 staff members. In 5 patients, the resource was evaluated as a tool to prepare patients for an awake MRI who otherwise were booked to have an MRI under GA. RESULTS The VR preparation resource has been successfully implemented at 3 UK institutions. Of the 23 patients surveyed, on a scale of 1 to 10, the VR resource was rated with a median score of 8.5 for enjoyment, 8 for helpfulness, and 10 for ease of use. All patients agreed that it made them feel more positive about their MRI, and all suggested they would recommend the resource to other children. When considering their experiences using the resource with pediatric patients, on a scale of 1 to 10, the staff members rated the VR resource a median score of 8.5 for enjoyment, 9 for helpfulness, and 9 for ease of use. All staff believed it could help prepare children for an awake MRI, thus avoiding GA. A successful awake MRI was achieved in 4 of the 5 children for whom routine care would have resulted in an MRI under GA. CONCLUSIONS Our VR resource has the potential to relieve anxieties and better prepare patients for an awake MRI. The resource has potential to avoid GA through educating the child about the MRI process.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Neoplastic Lesions of the Breast

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Raffaele Petrillo ◽  
Luca Balzarini ◽  
Anna Bargellini ◽  
Cesare Bartoli ◽  
Errico Ceglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Moment

Thirty-seven patients were evaluated for suspected breast cancer by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 0.5- and 1.5-Tesla. We esamined the patterns in breast images and the use of MRI in evaluating neoplasms. At the moment the cost/benefit ratio is unfavorable, mainly because of the availability of alternative methods of high accuracy and low cost, like mammography and ultrasonography. Furthermore fine needle aspiration biopsy is not possible with MRI. The widespread use of MRI for breast pathology seems not to be justified by the results obtained.

scholarly journals CRISPR/CAS12A-BASED DIAGNOSTICS FOR COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kabylbayeva ◽  
K. Zharylgassynova ◽  
A. Abilova ◽  
M. Amanzholova ◽  
S. Abeldenov
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Reliable Methods

Access to fast and reliable methods for the detection of nucleic acids is critical in many different fields. Early identification of pathogens based on their genetic information associated with various diseases makes early diagnosis and treatment possible. The situation with the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that right now there is an urgent need to find enzymes for new diagnostic methods based on modern fundamental knowledge. Methods that allow covering a wider range of applications will be cheaper and do not require specialized premises, qualified personnel and will be simple to implement. One of these enzymes is the recently discovered endonuclease of the CRISPR/Cas systems - Cas12a. In this review, we provide a description of the Cas12a enzyme and its use in the COVID-19 diagnostics.

scholarly journals Nanoplasmonic immunosensor for the detection of SCG2, a candidate serum biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Hee Lim ◽  
Yun-Ju Sung ◽  
Narae Jo ◽  
Na-Yoon Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Shim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Highly Sensitive

AbstractThe neural circuits of the infant brain are rapidly established near 6 months of age, but neurodevelopmental disorders can be diagnosed only at the age of 2–3 years using existing diagnostic methods. Early diagnosis is very important to alleviate life-long disability in patients through appropriate early intervention, and it is imperative to develop new diagnostic methods for early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum level of secretogranin II (SCG2) in pediatric patients to evaluate its potential role as a biomarker for neurodevelopmental disorders. A plasmonic immunosensor performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a gold nanodot array was developed to detect SCG2 in small volumes of serum. This nanoplasmonic immunosensor combined with tyramide signal amplification was highly sensitive to detect SCG2 in only 5 μL serum samples. The analysis using the nanoplasmonic immunosensor revealed higher serum SCG2 levels in pediatric patients with developmental delay than in the control group. Overexpression or knockdown of SCG2 in hippocampal neurons significantly attenuated dendritic arborization and synaptic formation. These results suggest that dysregulated SCG2 expression impairs neural development. In conclusion, we developed a highly sensitive nanoplasmonic immunosensor to detect serum SCG2, a candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic potential in “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
K. A. Chueva ◽  
R. B. Tatarskiy ◽  
T. S. Kovalchuk ◽  
T. M. Pervunina ◽  
G. E. Trufanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Group 2

The study aims to assess the role of magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) in identifying the substrate of “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.Methods. One hundred and seven children with “idiopathic” ventricular arrhythmias were enrolled. All patients underwent MRI on a high-field Magnetom Trio A Tim (Siemens) tomograph with a magnetic field induction of 3.0 T.Results. According to MRI data, dilated ventricles and/or a decreased ejection fraction were found in 55 (51%) patients. Based on structural abnormalities of the myocardium patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 “normal”, without abnormalities, (69 (64.5%) children); group 2 - “fibrosis”, fibrotic changes were detected on late gadolinium enhancement (38 (35.5%) patients). Significant differences of indexed MR-indicators in these two groups were not found. However, in the “fibrosis” group, biventricular dysfunction occurred significantly more often than in the “normal” group, respectively (14 (37%) and 9 (13%) (p = 0.006)).Conclusion. MRI is important in assessing structural changes in pediatric patients with ventricular arrhythmias, and the combination of MRI results with clinical and electrophysiological data can significantly affect the change in management and treatment strategy in pediatric patients.

The Accuracy of ACR TI-RADS Classification of Neck Ultrasound as a First-Line Diagnostic Approach for Thyroid Neoplasms in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Grachev ◽  
Elena V. Feoktistova ◽  
Igor N. Vorozhtsov ◽  
Natalia V. Babaskina ◽  
Ekaterina Yu. Iaremenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
First Line ◽  
Neck Ultrasound

Background.Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in diagnosing the pathological nature of undetermined thyroid nodules. However, in some instances limitations and shortcomings arise, making it insufficient for determining a specific diagnosis.Objective.Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACR TI-RADS classification of neck ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods.A retrospective analysis was made of FNA and US protocols in 70 patients who underwent the examination and treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center between January 2012 and August 2017. In the retrospective series 70% (49/70) of patients undergone FNA and 43% (30/70) of them undergone repeated FNA. All US protocols were interpreted according to ACR TI-RADS system by the two independent experts. The clinical judgment was assessed using the concordance test and the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods was analized.Results.According to histologic examination protocols, benign nodules reported greater multimorbidity 29% (20/70), compared with thyroid cancer 17% (12/70), complicating FNA procedure. A statistically significant predictor of thyroid cancer with a tumor size ACR TI-RADS showed a significant advantage of ACR TI-RADS due to higher sensitivity (97.6 vs 60%), specificity (78.6 vs 53.8%), positive predictive value (87.2 vs 71.4%), and negative predictive value (95.7 vs 41.2%). Concordance on the interpreted US protocols according to ACR TI-RADS classification between two experts was high, excluding accidental coincidence.Conclusion.The data support the feasibility of US corresponding to the ACR TI-RADS classification as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasm reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies for thyroid nodules.

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