Sustainable phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina arborea exhibit antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity

AbstractIncrease in bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a major public health concern generating interest in novel antibacterial treatments. Aim of this scientific endeavor was to find an alternative efficient antibacterial agent from non-conventional plant source for human health applications. We used an eco-friendly approach for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing logging residue from timber trees Gmelina arborea (GA). GC–MS analysis of leaves, barks, flowers, fruits, and roots was conducted to determine the bioactive compounds. Biosynthesis, morphological and structural characterization of GA-AgNPs were undertaken by UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). GA-AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, wound healing properties and their toxicity studies were carried out. Results identified the presence of terpenoids, sterols, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and flavonoids in leaves, making leaf extract the ideal choice for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of GA-AgNPs was confirmed by dark brown colored colloidal solution and spectral absorption peak at 420 nm. Spherical, uniformly dispersed, crystalline GA-AgNPs were 34–40 nm in diameter and stable in solutions at room temperature. Functional groups attributed to the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols that acted as reducing and capping agents. Antibacterial potency was confirmed against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, MIC and MBC assay, biofilm inhibition assay, electron-microscopy, cell staining and colony counting techniques. The results from zone of inhibition, number of ruptured cells and dead-cell-count analysis confirmed that GA-AgNPs were more effective than GA-extract and their bacteria inhibition activity level increased further when loaded on hydrogel as GA-AgNPs-PF127, making it a novel distinguishing feature. Antioxidant activity was confirmed by the free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS). Wound healing potential was confirmed by cell scratch assay in human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Cell-proliferation study in human chang liver cell lines and optical microscopic observations confirmed non-toxicity of GA-AgNPs at low doses. Our study concluded that biosynthesized GA-AgNPs had enhanced antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Wound Healing Efficacy Using a Murine Model

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9120902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 902

Author(s):

Vajravathi Lakkim ◽

Madhava C. Reddy ◽

Roja Rani Pallavali ◽

Kakarla Raghava Reddy ◽

Ch Venkata Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Biomedical Science ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Bacteriolytic Activity ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Green nanotechnology has significant applications in various biomedical science fields. In this study, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, prepared by using Catharanthus roseus and Azadirachta indica extracts, were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized from leaf extracts of C. roseus and A. indica effectively inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from patients with septic wound infections. The maximum bacteriolytic activity of the green-synthesized Ag NPs of C. roseus and A. indica against the MDR bacterium K. Pneumoniae was shown by a zone of inhibition of 19 and 16 mm, respectively. C. roseus Ag NPs exhibited more bacteriolytic activity than A. indica Ag NPs in terms of the zone of inhibition. Moreover, these particles were effective in healing wounds in BALB/c mice. Ag NPs of C. roseus and A. indica enhanced wound healing by 94% ± 1% and 87% ± 1%, respectively. Our data suggest that Ag NPs from C. roseus and A. indicia ameliorate excision wounds, and wound healing could be due to their effective antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria. Hence, these Ag NPs could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of wounds.

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GREEN TECHNOLOGY MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MOMORDICA CHARANTIA FRUIT EXTRACT AND ITS BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 196 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S C Joshi ◽

Utkarsh Kaushik ◽

Aproova Upadhyaya ◽

Priyanka Sharma

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTObjective: The synthesis of nanoparticles from biological processes is evolving a new era of research interests in nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticlesare usually synthesized by chemicals and physical method, which are quite toxic and flammable in nature. This study deals with an environmentfriendly biosynthesis process of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using Momordica charantia fruit.Methods: AgNO3 (5 mM) was allowed to react with fruit extract of M. charantia. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was optimized by changing temperature,pH, and solvent. The silver nanoparticles so formed were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: UV-VIS spectra show absorption peak between 420 and 430 nm. The FTIR analysis showed the alcoholic, lactam, and nitro group presentin the plant extract, which were responsible for the reduction in AgNPs. The SEM images showed the size distribution of the nanoparticles and theaverage size was found to be 50-100 nm. By DLS analysis and AFM analysis, average sizes of the silver nanoparticles were of 150 nm. The results ofthese analyses confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were tested against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidisstrains using disc diffusion method and were found to be effective.Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles so synthesized in this study using fruit extract of M. charantia are simple, easy, and effective technique of nanoparticlesproduction.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Momordica charantia, Optimization, Antibacterial, Atomic force microscope, Scanning electron microscopy.

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Green Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Piper chaba Stem Extracts

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10091777 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1777 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md. Mahiuddin ◽

Prianka Saha ◽

Bungo Ochiai

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

X Ray ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Face Centered ◽

Average Size

A green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was conducted using the stem extract of Piper chaba, which is a plant abundantly growing in South and Southeast Asia. The synthesis was carried out at different reaction conditions, i.e., reaction temperature, concentrations of the extract and silver nitrate, reaction time, and pH. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by visual observation, ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The characterization results revealed that AgNPs were uniformly dispersed and exhibited a moderate size distribution. They were mostly spherical crystals with face-centered cubic structures and an average size of 19 nm. The FTIR spectroscopy and DLS analysis indicated that the phytochemicals capping the surface of AgNPs stabilize the dispersion through anionic repulsion. The synthesized AgNPs effectively catalyzed the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of sodium borohydride.

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Preparation, Characterization of Silver-Nanoparticles from Seed Coat Exudates of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. and Their Bactericidal and Biofilm Inhibition Effects

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research ◽

10.25004/ijpsdr.2019.110503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (05) ◽

Author(s):

Anil Kumar Moola1 ◽

Sundararajan Balasubramani ◽

Ranjitha Kumari Bollipo Diana1 ◽

Chari Nithya

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Screening Method ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Metallic State ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Celastrus Paniculatus

We are reporting a novel approach for preparing silver nanoparticles with seed coat exudates of Celastrus paniculatus Willd, a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases, fever, leprosy and neurological disorders. HPTLC study revealed that aqueous, soluble seed coat exudates contain phenolics, alakaloids and flavonoids. The formation, crystalline nature and morphology of the nanoparticles were identified by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Functional group stretching of aqueous soluble extracts was identified by using FTIR. Results revealed that nanosilver particles are spherical, range in size from 10 to 82 nm and crystalize in face-centered cubic structures. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra analysis showed that AgNP are capped with bioactive molecules from exudates and that they may act as precursors of the reduction of silver nitrate from the metallic state (Ag+) to the atomic state (Ag0). We also examined the minimal inhibitory concentration for bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis using a resazurin color assay. Nanosilver strongly inhibited the bacterial growth, leading to MIC values of 40μg/ml and 60μg/ml for the bacteria, respectively. The colony screening method and inhibition kinetics of biofilm formation in the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain were also studied using the tube method and a quantitative microplate assay. SEM analysis and quantification of the EPS revealed a fivefold decrease in concentration in treated compared to untreated. The inhibition response was duly reflected in SEM images.

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Synthesis, characterization and application of green seaweed mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial agents for water disinfection

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.292 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 235-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Dixit ◽

D. Gangadharan ◽

K. M. Popat ◽

C. R. K. Reddy ◽

M. Trivedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Green Seaweed

Abstract A simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of hybrid bead silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing the aqueous extract derived from natural and renewable source namely tropical benthic green seaweed Ulva flexuosa was developed. This route involves the reduction of Ag+ ions anchored onto macro porous methacrylic acid copolymer beads to AgNPs for employing them as antibacterial agents for in vitro water disinfection. The seaweed extract itself acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent and requires no additional surfactant or capping agent for forming the AgNPs. The nanoparticles were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The study elucidates that such biologically synthesized AgNPs exhibit potential antibacterial activity against two Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains tested. The bacterial count in treated water was reduced to zero for all the strains. Atomic force microscopy was performed to confirm the pre- and post-state of the bacteria with reference to their treatment with AgNPs. Attributes like facile environment-friendly procedure, stability and high antibacterial potency propel the consideration of these AgNPs as promising antibacterial entities.

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Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Bacillus cereus SZT1 Ameliorated the Damage of Bacterial Leaf Blight Pathogen in Rice

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 160 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Temoor Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Shahid ◽

Muhammad Noman ◽

Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi ◽

Faisal Mahmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Bacterial Culture Supernatant

Amongst serious biotic factors deteriorating crop yield, the most destructive pathogen of rice is Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease. This study involved targeted use of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control BLB in order to cope with the disadvantages of chemical disease control. AgNPs were biologically synthesized from natively isolated Bacillus cereus strain SZT1, which was identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Synthesis of AgNPs in bacterial culture supernatant was confirmed through UV-VIS spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the existence of AgNPs was stabilized with proteins and alcoholic groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed the crystalline nature and imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing the spherical shape of AgNPs with particle sizes ranging from 18 to 39 nm. The silver presence in AgNPs was further confirmed by energy dispersive spectra. Biogenic AgNPs showed substantial antibacterial activity (24.21 ± 1.01 mm) for Xoo. In a pot experiment, AgNPs were found to be effective weapons for BLB by significantly increasing the plant biomass with a decreased cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species and increased concentration of antioxidant enzyme activity.

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The Aggregation Study and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.263.165 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. 165-169

Author(s):

Silvia Chowdhury ◽

Faridah Yusof ◽

Nadzril Sulaiman ◽

Mohammad Omer Faruck

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Absorption Spectrum ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

In this article, we have studied the process of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) aggregation and to stop aggregation 0.3% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used. Aggregation study carried out via UV-vis spectroscopy and it is reported that the absorption spectrum of spherical silver nanoparticles were found a maximum peak at 420 nm wavelength. Furthermore, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterized the size and shape of AgNPs, where the average particle size is around 10 to 25 nm in diameter and the AgNPs shape is spherical. Next, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used, owing to observed size distribution and self-correlation of AgNPs.

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Phytoproduct, Arabic Gum and Opophytum forsskalii Seeds for Bio-Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Capabilities

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2573

Author(s):

Kawther Aabed ◽

Afrah E. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Arabic Gum ◽

Capping Agents ◽

Acacia Arabica

The application of biological materials in synthesizing nanoparticles has become significant issue in nanotechnology. This research was designed to assess biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using two aqueous extracts of Acacia arabica (Arabic Gum) (A-AgNPs) and Opophytum forsskalii (Samh) seed (O-AgNPs), which were used as reducing and capping agents in the NPs development, respectively. The current study is considered as the first report for AgNP preparation using Opophytum forsskalii extract. The dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to analyze the size and morphology of the biogenic AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to identify the possible phyto-components of plant extracts. The phyto-fabricated NPs were assessed for their antibacterial activity and also when combined with some antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and their anticandidal ability against Candida albicans using an agar well diffusion test. Furthermore, cytotoxicity against LoVo cancer cell lines was studied. The results demonstrated the capability of the investigated plant extracts to change Ag+ ions into spherical AgNPs with average size diameters of 91 nm for the prepared O-AgNPs and 75 nm for A-AgNPs. The phyto-fabricated AgNPs presented substantial antimicrobial capabilities with a zone diameter in the range of 10–29.3 mm. Synergistic effects against all tested strains were observed when the antibiotic and phyto-fabricated AgNPs were combined and assessed. The IC50 of the fabricated O-AgNPs against LoVo cancer cell lines was 28.32 μg/mL. Ten and four chemical components were identified in Acacia arabica (Arabic Gum) and Opophytum forsskalii seed extracts, respectively, by GC-MS that are expected as NPs reducing and capping agents. Current results could lead to options for further research, such as investigating the internal mechanism of AgNPs in bacteria, Candida spp., and LoVo cancer cell lines as well as identifying specific molecules with a substantial impact as metal-reducing agents and biological activities.

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Phyto-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Conifer Bark Extracts and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Cytogenotoxic Effects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Irina Macovei ◽

Simon Vlad Luca ◽

Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak ◽

Liviu Sacarescu ◽

Petronela Pascariu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Resonance Band ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Silver nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents showed various biological activities. In the present study, colloidal silver nanoparticle solutions were produced from the aqueous extracts of Picea abies and Pinus nigra bark. The phenolic profile of bark extracts was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy by measuring the Surface Plasmon Resonance band. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The antimicrobial and cytogenotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles were evaluated by disk diffusion and Allium cepa assays, respectively. Picea abies and Pinus nigra bark extract derived silver nanoparticles were spherical (mean hydrodynamic diameters of 78.48 and 77.66 nm, respectively) and well dispersed, having a narrow particle size distribution (polydispersity index values of 0.334 and 0.224, respectively) and good stability (zeta potential values of −10.8 and −14.6 mV, respectively). Silver nanoparticles showed stronger antibacterial, antifungal, and antimitotic effects than the bark extracts used for their synthesis. Silver nanoparticles obtained in the present study are promising candidates for the development of novel formulations with various therapeutic applications.

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Fortunella japonica extract as a reducing agent for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.10733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1570

Author(s):

Nguyen Phung Anh ◽

Truong Thi Ai Mi ◽

Duong Huynh Thanh Linh ◽

Nguyen Thi Thuy Van ◽

Hoang Tien Cuong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

High Antibacterial Activity ◽

Agno3 Solution ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Average Size

A rapid way of synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by treating Ag+ ions with a green Fortunella Japonica (F.J.) extract as a combined reducing and stabilizing agent was investigated. The reaction solutions were monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the size and shape of crystals were determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the crystalline phases of AgNPs were presented by X–ray diffraction, and the relation of nanoparticles with Fortunella Japonica extract was confirmed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that no formation of AgNPs had taken place in the dark during 24 hours at room temperature and 40 oC. Meanwhile, it was found that the rate of AgNPs formation increased rapidly under the sunlight. The effects of the synthesis factors on the AgNPs formation were investigated. The suitable conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs using F.J. extract were determined as follows: F.J. extract was mixed with AgNO3 1.75 mM solution with the volume ratio of 3.5 AgNO3 solution/1.5 F.J. Extract, stirred 300 rpm for 150 minutes at 40 oC under sunlight illumination. At these conditions, AgNPs showed high crystalline structure with the average size of 15.9 nm. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was determined by agar well diffusion method against E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria. The green synthesized AgNPs performed high antibacterial activity against both bacteria.

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