scholarly journals Psychophysiological responses to treadwall and indoor wall climbing in adult female climbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Baláš ◽  
Jan Gajdošík ◽  
Dominika Krupková ◽  
Leona Chrastinová ◽  
Alžběta Hlaváčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Psychophysiological Response ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Climbing Wall ◽  
Catecholamine Concentration

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare the psychophysiological response of climbers of a range of abilities (lower grade to advanced) when ascending identical climbing routes on a climbing wall and a rotating treadwall. Twenty-two female climbers (31.2 ± 9.4 years; 60.5 ± 6.5 kg; 168.6 ± 5.7 cm) completed two identical 18 m climbing trials (graded 4 on the French Sport scale) separated by 1 week, one on the treadwall (climbing low to the ground) and the other on the indoor wall (climbing in height). Indirect calorimetry, venous blood samples and video-analysis were used to assess energy cost, hormonal response and time-load characteristics. Energy costs were higher during indoor wall climbing comparing to those on the treadwall by 16% (P < 0.001, $$\upmu _{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$ μ p 2  = 0.48). No interaction of climbing ability and climbing condition were found. However, there was an interaction for climbing ability and post-climbing catecholamine concentration (P < 0.01, $$\upmu _{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$ μ p 2  = 0.28). Advanced climbers’ catecholamine response increased by 238% and 166% with respect to pre-climb values on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively; while lower grade climbers pre-climb concentrations were elevated by 281% and 376% on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively. The video analysis showed no differences in any time-motion variables between treadwall and indoor wall climbing. The study demonstrated a greater metabolic response for indoor wall climbing, however, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.

scholarly journals Metabolic response to different glycemic indexes of pre-exercise meal

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Cristina de Faria ◽  
João Carlos Bouzas Marins ◽  
Gustavo Antônio de Oliveira ◽  
Samuel de Souza Sales ◽  
Fernando Fonseca dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Fast Procedure

INTRODUCTION: To ensure performance and health, the type of food and the time of pre-exercise ingestion should be considered by practitioners of morning physical activity. Objective: This study assessed the metabolic response after pre-exercise meals with different glycemic indexes (GI) and in the fasting state adopting different types of hydration.METHODS: Twelve men performed four experimental tests; two with pre-exercise meals of high GI (HGI) and low GI (LGI), and two were performed in the fasting state with hydration: water (H2O) and carbohydrate drink (CHO). Each test consisted of a pre-exercise rest period of 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes of cycle ergometer with continuous load equivalent to 60% of the extrapolated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MaxExt). During the exercise, participants were hydrated every 15 minutes with 3mL per kg body weight. During each experimental test, venous blood samples were obtained for fasting and at 15-minute intervals during rest, and every 20 minutes during exercise. The gas analysis was carried out in periods of 5 minutes every 20 minutes of exercise.RESULTS: There was no difference in substrate oxidation. After 20 minutes of exercise, pre-exercise food intake procedures showed similar behavior, having only reduced blood glucose levels compared to fasting procedures (p<0.01). There was maintenance of blood glucose at stable and higher levels during exercise in relation to the other tests in the fast procedure with CHO.CONCLUSION: The data suggest that despite the similar metabolic behavior between LGI and HGI meals, the adoption of a LGI meal before the morning exercise seems to be a more suitable feeding practice due to higher tendency of rebound hypoglycemia after HGI meal and when morning exercise is performed on fasting, hydration with CHO seems to minimize the hypoglycemic risk arising from that state.

Metabolic response of trained and untrained women during high-intensity intermittent cycle exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. R2370-R2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gail Trapp ◽  
Donald J. Chisholm ◽  
Stephen H. Boutcher
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Young Women ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Catecholamine Concentration

The metabolic response to two different forms of high-intensity intermittent cycle exercise was investigated in young women. Subjects (8 trained and 8 untrained) performed two bouts of high-intensity intermittent exercise: short sprint (SS) (8-s sprint, 12-s recovery) and long sprint (LS) (24-s sprint, 36-s recovery) for 20 min on two separate occasions. Both workload and oxygen uptake were greater in the trained subjects but were not significantly different for SS and LS. Plasma glycerol concentrations significantly increased during exercise. Lactate concentrations rose over the 20 min and were higher for the trained women. Catecholamine concentration was also higher postexercise compared with preexercise for both groups. Both SS and LS produced similar metabolic response although both lactate and catecholamines were higher after the 24-s sprint. In conclusion, these results show that high-intensity intermittent exercise resulted in significant elevations in catecholamines that appear to be related to increased venous glycerol concentrations. The trained compared with the untrained women tended to show an earlier increase in plasma glycerol concentrations during high-intensity exercise.

Metabolic response to maximal exercise of 800 and 2,000 m in the thoroughbred horse

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Harris ◽  
D. J. Marlin ◽  
D. H. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thoroughbred Horse ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

To define the metabolic response to maximal exercise in the thoroughbred horse under field conditions, muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were taken from five horses after a single 800-m gallop and from four horses after a single 2,000-m gallop. Muscle and blood samples were also collected during 60 min of recovery. After exercise muscle ATP contents were decreased by 30 +/- 7 (SD) and 47 +/- 3% after the 800- and 2,000-m gallops, respectively. As indicators of purine catabolism, ammonia and uric acid increased in plasma, the accumulation being greater after the 2,000-m gallop. Blood ammonia peaked immediately after exercise and uric acid after 40–60 min of recovery. Muscle glycogen utilization over the 800- and 2,000-m gallops averaged 2.68 +/- 0.90 and 1.06 +/- 0.12 mmol glucosyl units.kg dry muscle-1.s-1, respectively, and the total used amounted to 27.3 +/- 6.6 and 32.5 +/- 8.8% of the initial store. Muscle lactate accumulation averaged 123.5 +/- 49.7 and 167.3 +/- 20.7 mmol/kg dry muscle, respectively, and declined during recovery with half times of 22.9 +/- 4.2 and 18.9 +/- 6.6 min. Blood lactate peaked 5–10 min after exercise. Exercise resulted in only a small increase in muscle glycerol content, but this continued to rise during recovery reaching 9–12 mmol/kg dry muscle after 20 min. During this time the increase in muscle glycerol content exactly matched the decline in glycerol 3-phosphate.

scholarly journals Damage to Liver and Skeletal Muscles in Marathon Runners During a 100 km Run With Regard to Age and Running Speed

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Jastrzębski ◽  
Małgorzata Żychowska ◽  
Łukasz Radzimiński ◽  
Anna Konieczna ◽  
Jakub Kortas
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether damage to liver and skeletal muscles occurs during a 100 km run; (2) whether the metabolic response to extreme exertion is related to the age or running speed of the participant; (3) whether it is possible to determine the optimal running speed and distance for long-distance runners’ health by examining biochemical parameters in venous blood. Fourteen experienced male amateur ultra-marathon runners, divided into two age groups, took part in a 100 km run. Blood samples for liver and skeletal muscle damage indexes were collected from the ulnar vein just before the run, after 25, 50, 75 and 100 km, and 24 hours after termination of the run. A considerable increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed with the distance covered (p < 0.05), which continued during recovery. An increase in the mean values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.05) was observed with each sequential course. The biggest differences between the age groups were found for the activity of liver enzymes and LDH after completing 75 km as well as after 24 hours of recovery. It can be concluded that the response to extreme exertion deteriorates with age in terms of the active movement apparatus.

Collaborative real-time motion video analysis by human observer and image exploitation algorithms

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Hild ◽  
Wolfgang Krüger ◽  
Stefan Brüstle ◽  
Patrick Trantelle ◽  
Gabriel Unmüssig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Video

Metabolic Response to Electrical Stimulation in Separated Portions of Human Cerebral Tissues

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (411) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. McIlwain ◽  
P. J. W. Ayres ◽  
Olga Forda
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Flow Information ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of different areas of the human brain has hitherto been confined to experiments with the brain in situ, in living subjects. It has been carried out while the brain received its blood supply from normal sources. By chemical analysis of the arterial and venous blood and measurement of its rate of flow, information has been obtained on how metabolic changes in the brain vary with changes in its activity. However, these conditions can give information only about gross biochemical changes associated with stimulation; they are cumbersome, and would not indicate abnormal reactions in small areas. Also, they detect differences only in substances which are actively exchanged with the blood stream.

Computer simulation of O2 transport and utilization mechanisms at the onset of exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2382-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cochrane ◽  
R. L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Alveolar Level ◽  
Venous Blood Volume

During transitions in work rate, O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics at the working tissue level might be rate limited by O2 transport and/or by O2 utilization. A computer model with parallel working and non-working tissue compartments, connected to an ideal lung by a variable-sized venous blood volume, was developed to study this. The time constant for working tissue O2 demand (tau T) was set by a first-order linear metabolic response. The model attempted to replicate the VO2 response at the alveolar level of a single subject performing step transitions on a cycle ergometer from 25 to 105 W [total lag time (equivalent to 63% increase above baseline) = 40.2 s]. Measured cardiac output kinetics (total lag time = 44.1 s) were used as a model parameter. Blood flow to the nonworking tissue (QNW) was kept constant at 4.5 or 5.0 l/min. A critical PO2 of 20 Torr was set, and the Bohr effect on the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve was included. The “best” simulation had tau T = 36 s, QNW = 4.5 l/min, and venous blood volume = 2 liters and was not O2 transport limited. The approximation to the real data was good in all but the phase 1 response, where the model underpredicted the measured response. However, when QNW was increased to 5.0 l/min, the model was O2 transport limited; yet the predicted VO2 response at the alveolar level was not notably different from the subject's data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Automated Classification of Changes of Direction in Soccer Using Inertial Measurement Units

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4625
Author(s):  
Brian Reilly ◽  
Oliver Morgan ◽  
Gabriela Czanner ◽  
Mark A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Video Annotation ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Player Tracking

Changes of direction (COD) are an important aspect of soccer match play. Understanding the physiological and biomechanical demands on players in games allows sports scientists to effectively train and rehabilitate soccer players. COD are conventionally recorded using manually annotated time-motion video analysis which is highly time consuming, so more time-efficient approaches are required. The aim was to develop an automated classification model based on multi-sensor player tracking device data to detect COD > 45°. Video analysis data and individual multi-sensor player tracking data (GPS, accelerometer, gyroscopic) for 23 academy-level soccer players were used. A novel ‘GPS-COD Angle’ variable was developed and used in model training; along with 24 GPS-derived, gyroscope and accelerometer variables. Video annotation was the ground truth indicator of occurrence of COD > 45°. The random forest classifier using the full set of features demonstrated the highest accuracy (AUROC = 0.957, 95% CI = 0.956–0.958, Sensitivity = 0.941, Specificity = 0.772. To balance sensitivity and specificity, model parameters were optimised resulting in a value of 0.889 for both metrics. Similarly high levels of accuracy were observed for random forest models trained using a reduced set of features, accelerometer-derived variables only, and gyroscope-derived variables only. These results point to the potential effectiveness of the novel methodology implemented in automatically identifying COD in soccer players.

scholarly journals Impact of probiotic feeding during weaning on the serum lipid profile and plasma metabolome in infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Chorell ◽  
Frida Karlsson Videhult ◽  
Olle Hernell ◽  
Henrik Antti ◽  
Christina E. West
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Serum Lipid Profile ◽  
Term Infants

The gut microbiome interacts with the host in the metabolic response to diet, and early microbial aberrancies may be linked to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders later in life. Probiotics have been proposed to affect metabolic programming and blood lipid levels, although studies are lacking in infants. Here, we report on the lipid profile and global metabolic response following daily feeding of probiotics during weaning. A total of 179 healthy, term infants were randomised to daily intake of cereals with (n89) or without (n90) the addition ofLactobacillus paracaseissp.paracaseiF19 (LF19) 108colony-forming units per serving from 4 to 13 months of age. Weight, length and skinfold thickness were monitored. Venous blood was drawn at 5·5 and 13 months of age for analysis of the serum lipid profile. In a subsample, randomly selected from each group, GC-time-of-flight/MS was used to metabolically characterise plasma samples from thirty-seven infants. A combination of multi- and univariate analysis was applied to reveal differences related to LF19 treatment based on 228 putative metabolites, of which ninety-nine were identified or classified. We observed no effects of probiotic feeding on anthropometrics or the serum lipid profile. However, we detected significantly lower levels of palmitoleic acid (16 : 1) (P< 0·05) and significantly higher levels of putrescine (P< 0·01) in LF19-treated infants. Palmitoleic acid is a major MUFA strongly linked to visceral obesity, while putrescine is a polyamine with importance for gut integrity. Whether the observed differences will have long-term health consequences are being followed.

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