Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide, stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20 and platelet concentrate in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a disease transversal to all mammals, a source of chronic pain and disability, a huge burden to societies, with a significant toll in healthcare cost, while reducing productivity and quality of life. The dog is considered a useful model for the translational study of the disease, closely matching human OA, with the advantage of a faster disease progression while maintaining the same life stages. In a prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study, one hundred (N = 100) hip joints were selected and randomly assigned to five groups: control group (CG, n = 20, receiving a saline injection), triamcinolone hexacetonide group (THG, n = 20), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 20), stanozolol group (SG, n = 20) and hylan G-F 20 group (HG). Evaluations were conducted on days 0 (T0, treatment day), 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days post-treatment, consisting of weight distribution analysis and data from four Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI). Kaplan–Meier estimators were generated and compared with the Breslow test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of variables of interest on treatment survival. All results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. Sample included joints of 100 pelvic limbs (of patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. Joints were graded as mild (n = 70), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 10) OA. No differences were found between groups at T0. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that all treatments produced longer periods with better results in the various evaluations compared to CG. Patients in HG and PCG took longer to return to baseline values and scores. A higher impact on pain interference was observed in THG, with a 95% improvement over CG. PCG and HG experienced 57–81% improvements in functional evaluation and impairments due to OA, and may be a better options for these cases. This study documented the efficacy of several approaches to relieve OA clinical signs. These approaches varied in intensity and duration. HG and PCG where the groups were more significant improvements were observed throughout the follow-up periods, with lower variation in results.

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Intra-articular Injections With Either Triamcinolone Hexacetonide, Stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20, or a Platelet Concentrate Improve Clinical Signs in Police Working Dogs With Bilateral Hip Osteoarthritis

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.609889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

João C. Alves ◽

Ana Santos ◽

Patrícia Jorge ◽

Catarina Lavrador ◽

L. Miguel Carreira

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Hip Osteoarthritis ◽

Platelet Concentrate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Triamcinolone Hexacetonide ◽

Working Dogs ◽

Double Blinded ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Objectives: To compare the effect of intra-articular treatment with triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), stanozolol, hyaluronan, and a platelet concentrate in police working dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA).Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study.Sample Population: Fifty police working dogs with naturally occurring hip OA.Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 10), TH group (THG, n = 10), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 10), stanozolol group (SG, n = 10), and Hylan G-F 20 group (HG). On days 0 (T0), 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, weight-bearing distribution was evaluated. In those days, and on days 60, 120, and 150, four clinical metrology instruments were completed. Kaplan–Meier estimators were conducted and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine treatment survival. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Patients had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. At T0, hips were classified as mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 10), and severe (n = 5), according to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals grading scheme. No differences were found between groups at that moment considering age, body weight, OFA hip score, and all assessments performed. All treatments improved clinical signs in various OA dimensions in some groups, with a broad effect interval. PCG showed a lower range of variation while maintaining a positive result for more extended periods (p < 0.01 for symmetry index and 0.01 < p < 0.04 in the majority of scores). Breed, age, sex, and OFA grade did not significantly influence response to treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This is the first prospective, negative controlled, double-blinded study to compare the effect of a single administration of these IA treatments in dogs with hip OA. HG and PCG recorded more significant improvements throughout the 180-day follow-up. In particular, PCG also registered a lower variation in results, seemingly the best therapeutic option. Nevertheless, improvements were still observed in THG and SG, and these treatment options can be considered, mainly when the first two treatments are not available.

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Ovarian and Adrenal Androgens and Their Link to High Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels: A Prospective Controlled Study

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/191247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

René Rodríguez-Gutiérrez ◽

Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez ◽

Felipe Arturo Morales-Martinez ◽

René Rodríguez-Guajardo ◽

Gloria González-Saldivar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

The Difference ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Background. Although the association between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hyperandrogenism was identified more than 40 years ago, relevant questions remain unanswered.Design and Methods. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled study in 23 women with a diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole (HM).Results. All participants completed the study. Before HM evacuation mean hCG was markedly higher in the cases than in the control group (P≤0.001). Free testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were found to be higher in the cases (2.78 ± 1.24 pg/mL and 231.50 ± 127.20 μ/dL) when compared to the control group (1.50 ± 0.75 pg/mL and 133.59 ± 60.69 μ/dL) (P=0.0001and 0.001), respectively. There was a strong correlation between hCG and free T/total T/DHEA-S concentrations (r=0.78;P≤0.001,r=0.74; P≤0.001, andr=0.71; P≤0.001), respectively. In the cases group 48 hours after HM evacuation, hCG levels were found to be significantly lower when compared to initial levels (P=0.001) and free T and DHEA-S declined significantly (P=0.0002and 0.009).Conclusion. Before uterus evacuation, hCG, free T, and DHEA-S levels were significantly higher when compared with controls finding a strong correlation between hCG and free T/DHEA-S levels. Forty-eight hours after HM treatment hCG levels declined and the difference was lost. A novel finding of our study is that in cases, besides free T, DHEA-S was also found to be significantly higher and both the ovaries and adrenal glands appear to be the sites of this androgen overproduction.

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The intra-articular administration of triamcinolone hexacetonide in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Its effects in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245553

Author(s):

João C. Alves ◽

Ana Santos ◽

Patrícia Jorge ◽

Catarina Lavrador ◽

L. Miguel Carreira

Keyword(s):

Weight Distribution ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Triamcinolone Hexacetonide ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Kaplan Meier

Objective To evaluate the effect of an intra-articular (IA) administration of triamcinolone hexacetonide, compared with saline. Patients and methods Forty (N = 40) hip joints were randomly assigned to a treatment group (THG, n = 20, receiving IA triamcinolone hexacetonide) and a control group (CG, n = 20, receiving IA saline). On treatment day (T0), and at 8, 15, 30, 90 and 180 days post-treatment, weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, digital thermography, radiographic signs, synovial fluid interleukin-1 and C-reactive protein levels were evaluated. Data from four Clinical Metrology Instruments was also gathered. Results were compared Repeated Measures ANOVA, with a Huynh-Feldt correction, Paired Samples T-Test or Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. A Kaplan-Meier test was performed to compare both groups, with p<0.05. Results Joints were graded as mild (65%), moderate (20%) and severe (15%). Patients of both sexes, with a mean age of 6.5±2.4 years and bodyweight of 26.7±5.2kg, were included. No differences were found between groups at T0. Comparing THG to CG, weight distribution showed significant improvements in THG from 8 (p = 0.05) up to 90 days (p = 0.01). THG showed lower values during thermographic evaluation in the Lt view (p<0.01). Pain and function scores also improved from 30 to 180 days. Increasing body weight, age, and presence of caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte corresponded to worse response to treatment. Results of the Kaplan Meier test showed significant differences between groups, with THG performing better considering several evaluations and scores. Conclusion THG recorded significant improvements in weight-bearing and in with the considered CMIs, particularly pain scores. Lower thermographic values were registered in THG up to the last evaluation day. Age, sex, and radiographic findings did significantly influenced response to treatment.

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Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride mouth spray on clinical signs and quality of life of patients with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215111000065 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 125 (6) ◽

pp. 620-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C Cingi ◽

M Songu ◽

A Ural ◽

N Erdogmus ◽

M Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride mouth spray, used in conjunction with antibiotic treatment, on the intensity of clinical signs and quality of life of patients with group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.Methods:Patients (n = 147) with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis were recruited and randomly allocated to either the treatment group (penicillin plus chlorhexidine and benzydamine; n = 72) or control group (penicillin plus placebo; n = 75). Blinded assessments were conducted before and after 10 days' treatment, using an intensity rating scale for clinical sign severity, a visual analogue scale for subjective health state, the Short Form 36 Health Questionnaire for quality of life, and a customised questionnaire for side effects.Results:The treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in the intensity of clinical signs, compared with the control group. On treatment day 7, there was no significant difference in quality of life between the treatment and control groups. The treatment drugs were well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were observed.Conclusion:Chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride mouth spray, added to standard antibiotic treatment, significantly alleviate the intensity of clinical signs in patients with streptococcal pharyngitis. Further research is needed using larger sample sizes or alternative control groups.

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Glucocorticoid Functional Reserve in Full-Spectrum Intensity of Primary Hypothyroidism

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/313519 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

René Rodríguez-Gutiérrez ◽

Camilo González-Velázquez ◽

Gerardo González-Saldívar ◽

Jesús Zacarías Villarreal-Pérez ◽

José Gerardo González-González

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

Low Dose ◽

Primary Hypothyroidism ◽

Adrenocortical Function ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cortisol Response ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Before And After ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Adrenal function might be impaired in patients with primary hypothyroidism. The objective was to evaluate adrenocortical function using the low-dose cosyntropin test in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Consequently a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study of sixty adult patients with primary hypothyroidism was carried out. Patientsnaïveto L-T4 treatment were compared with control participants. A low-dose cosyntropin test was done before and after L-T4 therapy. Thirty and sixty minutes after the low-dose cosyntropin, the mean cortisol values were lower in the cases group (612.6 ± 133.1 and 603.4 ± 153.7 nmol/L) when compared to the control group (677.0 ± 82.4 and 669.9 ± 83.7 nmol/L) (P=0.001and 0.003), respectively. After L-T4 therapy, this difference was lost. Four out of 60 cases (6.7%) taking a cortisol cutoff value of 500 mmol/L and 11 out of 60 (18.3%) having 550 mmol/L as the cutoff had adrenal insufficiency before L-T4 therapy. After L-T4 therapy, 50% and 81% of the cases had normal cortisol response. In conclusion, patients with different degrees of intensity of primary hypothyroidism had improved cortisol response after reaching euthyroidism. The incidence of adrenal insufficiency was 6.7–18.3% and more than 50% of the cases had a normal cortisol response after L-T4 therapy.

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Type 1 Gaucher's Disease

Advances in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2010/820843 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirta Koželj ◽

Samo Zver ◽

Vesna Zadnik

Keyword(s):

Doppler Echocardiography ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tissue Doppler ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Tissue Doppler Echocardiography ◽

Function Parameter ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference

There is predominate opinion among physicians managing type 1 Gauchers' disease (GD) that cardiac involvement is not an issue in these patients. In order to follow this hypothesis, we prospectively investigated 15 adult imiglucerase-treated type 1 GD patients by echocardiography, Doppler, and tissue Doppler echocardiography. This was a case-controlled study with 18 matched healthy volunteers. The obtained data was correlated with the levels of NT-proBNP (brain natriuretic peptide). None of the GD patients had clinical signs of heart disease. In 3 of the 15 patients, we observed echocardiographic signs of aortic and mitral valve calcification. The left ventricular systolic function was within normal limits. Compared to the control group, there was no statistically significant difference observed in the most sensitive indices of left ventricular diastolic function, parameterEm(P=.095), andE/Emratio (P=.097), as demonstrated by tissue Doppler echocardiography. However, there was a positive correlation between theE/Emratio and NT-proBNP plasma levels (P=.009). In conclusion, the prospective echocardiographic study of type 1 GD patients did not validate any left ventricular dysfunction. But, theE/Emratio showed a strong statistical correlation with the most sensitive indicators of heart failure, NT-proBNP. Research on larger groups of patients and the usage of even more sensitive methods as strain-rate imaging will be necessary to confirm eventual myocardial involvement in GD patients.

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Exposure of Workers of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae) to ant Baits Containing Different Active Ingredients under Laboratory Conditions

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i1.437 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Viviane Cristina Tofolo ◽

Edilberto Giannotti ◽

Marcos Aparecido Pizano

Keyword(s):

Observation Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Target Species ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Logrank Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Major Species ◽

Leaf Cutting

This work evaluated the short-range mortality of workers of Ectatomma brunneum Smith when exposed to ant baits in laboratory, in order to verify if the attractiveness of this non-target species by ant baits intended to be used in the control of leaf-cutting (target) ants might be harmful to the population studied. Workers were exposed in laboratory for 48 hours to ant baits used in pastures to control the leaf-cutting ants Atta capiguara Gonçalves (Formicidae: Attini) and Atta bisphaerica Forel (Formicidae: Attini), the major species that cause damage to pastures. The following formulations of granular bait ant-killer active ingredients sulfluramid 0.3%, fipronil 0.003% and chlorpyrifos 0.45% were used. The experiment outline was composed by groups of 30 workers exposed to 10g of moistened ant baits, using three repetitions. Daily follow-up on mortality was performed for 20 days, recording dead and intoxicated workers. The control group received only 10g of moistened citric pulp. From the results achieved, survival curves as a function of observation time were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared applying the Logrank test (nonparametric) at 5% significance level. The results revealed that the three active ingredients tested were toxic and the population reduced 35.56% in the treatment with chlorpyrifos, 31.11% with sulfluramid and 30% with fipronil. Exposição de Operárias de Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae) a Iscas Formicidas Contendo Diferentes Ingredientes Ativos em Condições de Laboratório Resumo. Este trabalho avaliou a mortalidade a curto prazo de operárias de Ectatomma brunneum Smith expostas a iscas formicidas em laboratório, a fim de verificar se a capacidade de atração desta espécie não-alvo a formicidas destinadas ao controle de formigas cortadeiras (alvo) pode ser prejudicial para a população estudada. As operárias foram expostas em laboratório por 48 horas a iscas formicidas utilizadas em pastagens para controlar as formigas cortadeiras Atta capiguara Gonçalves (Formicidae: Attini) e Atta bisphaerica Forel (Formicidae: Attini), as principais espécies que causam danos às pastagens. Foram utilizados os seguintes ingredientes ativos: sulfluramida 0,3%, fipronil 0,003% e clorpirifos 0,45%. O experimento foi composto por grupos de 30 operárias expostas a 10g de formicidas, usando três repetições. Foi realizado o acompanhamento diário da mortalidade durante 20 dias, registrando-se o número de operárias mortas e intoxicadas. O grupo controle recebeu apenas 10g de polpa cítrica umedecida. A partir de resultados obtidos, as curvas de sobrevivência em função do tempo de observação foram plotadas usando o método de Kaplan-Meier, e comparadas com aplicação do Logrank test (teste não-paramétrico) em nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados revelaram que os três ingredientes ativos testados foram tóxicos e a população reduzida em 35.56% no tratamento com clorpirifós, 31,11% com sulfluramida e 30% com fipronil.

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Effect of Ranitidine on Chloroquine Disposition

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808702100913 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 732-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ene I. Ette ◽

Esther A. Brown-Awala ◽

Ettiene E. Essien

Keyword(s):

Elimination Rate ◽

Test Group ◽

Apparent Volume ◽

Volume Of Distribution ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Significance Level ◽

Layer Chromatography

Ten healthy, male volunteers (aged 19–27 yr; weight 62–67 kg) were randomly distributed into control and test groups of five subjects each in a controlled study on the effect of ranitidine on chloroquine disposition. The control group subjects received two tablets of chloroquine sulfate (300-mg base) only. The test group subjects received ranitidine 250 mg hs for four days prior to the administration of chloroquine sulfate and throughout the sample collection period. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from the time of the chloroquine administration to the seventh day after drug administration. The samples were analyzed for chloroquine content by a combination of thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The Wilcoxon test at 0.05 significance level was used to compare the disposition parameters between control and test groups. Ranitidine therapy was associated with no significant alterations in chloroquine oral clearance rate, elimination rate constant, and apparent volume of distribution. Unlike cimetidine, ranitidine does not interact pharmacokinetically with chloroquine. Ranitidine, therefore, may be the H2-receptor antagonist of choice for ulcer patients receiving chloroquine.

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A case-controlled study of Dientamoeba fragilis infections in children

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182011000448 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 138 (7) ◽

pp. 819-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

G. R. BANIK ◽

J. L. N. BARRATT ◽

D. MARRIOTT ◽

J. HARKNESS ◽

J. T. ELLIS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Complete Resolution ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Dientamoeba Fragilis

SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilis is a pathogenic protozoan parasite that is implicated as a cause of human diarrhoea. A case-controlled study was conducted to determine the clinical signs associated with D. fragilis infection in children presenting to a Sydney Hospital. Treatment options are also discussed. Stool specimens were collected from children aged 15 years or younger and analysed for the presence of D. fragilis. In total, 41 children were included in the study along with a control group. Laboratory diagnosis was performed by microscopy of permanently stained, fixed faecal smears and by real-time PCR. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 40/41 (98%) of these children with dientamoebiasis, with diarrhoea (71%) and abdominal pain (29%) the most common clinical signs. Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 2% of cases. The most common anti-microbial used for treatment was metronidazole (n=41), with complete resolution of symptoms and clearance of parasite occurring in 85% of cases. A treatment failure rate occurred in 15% of those treated with metronidazole. Follow-up treatment comprised of an additional course of metronidazole or iodoquinol was needed in order to achieve complete resolution of infection and symptoms in this group. This study demonstrates the pathogenic potential of D. fragilis in children and as such it is recommended that all laboratories must routinely test for this organism and treat if detected.

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Usefulness of the Pain Tracking Technique in Acute Mechanical Low Back Pain

Pain Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2015/512673 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tania Bravo Acosta ◽

Jorge E. Martín Cordero ◽

Solangel Hernández Tápanes ◽

Isis Pedroso Morales ◽

José Ignacio Fernández Cuesta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Current Therapy ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Back ◽

Significance Level ◽

Tracking Technique ◽

Interferential Current ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Objective. To evaluate the usefulness of the pain tracking technique in acute mechanical low back pain. Method. We performed an experimental prospective (longitudinal) explanatory study between January 2011 and September 2012. The sample was randomly divided into two groups. Patients were assessed at the start and end of the treatment using the visual analogue scale and the Waddell test. Treatment consisted in applying the pain tracking technique to the study group and interferential current therapy to the control group. At the end of treatment, cryotherapy was applied for 10 minutes. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann Whitney test were used. They were performed with a predetermined significance level of p≤0.05. Results. Pain was triggered by prolonged static posture and intense physical labor and intensified through trunk movements and when sitting and standing. The greatest relief was reported in lateral decubitus position and in William’s position. The majority of the patients had contracture. Pain and disability were modified with the rehabilitation treatment in both groups. Conclusions. Both the pain tracking and interferential current techniques combined with cryotherapy are useful treatments for acute mechanical low back pain. The onset of analgesia is faster when using the pain tracking technique.

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