scholarly journals Exposure of Workers of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae) to ant Baits Containing Different Active Ingredients under Laboratory Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Viviane Cristina Tofolo ◽  
Edilberto Giannotti ◽  
Marcos Aparecido Pizano
Keyword(s):  
Observation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Logrank Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Leaf Cutting

This work evaluated the short-range mortality of workers of Ectatomma brunneum Smith when exposed to ant baits in laboratory, in order to verify if the attractiveness of this non-target species by ant baits intended to be used in the control of leaf-cutting (target) ants might be harmful to the population studied. Workers were exposed in laboratory for 48 hours to ant baits used in pastures to control the leaf-cutting ants Atta capiguara Gonçalves (Formicidae: Attini) and Atta bisphaerica Forel (Formicidae: Attini), the major species that cause damage to pastures. The following formulations of granular bait ant-killer active ingredients sulfluramid 0.3%, fipronil 0.003% and chlorpyrifos 0.45% were used. The experiment outline was composed by groups of 30 workers exposed to 10g of moistened ant baits, using three repetitions. Daily follow-up on mortality was performed for 20 days, recording dead and intoxicated workers. The control group received only 10g of moistened citric pulp. From the results achieved, survival curves as a function of observation time were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared applying the Logrank test (nonparametric) at 5% significance level. The results revealed that the three active ingredients tested were toxic and the population reduced 35.56% in the treatment with chlorpyrifos, 31.11% with sulfluramid and 30% with fipronil. Exposição de Operárias de Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae) a Iscas Formicidas Contendo Diferentes Ingredientes Ativos em Condições de Laboratório Resumo. Este trabalho avaliou a mortalidade a curto prazo de operárias de Ectatomma brunneum Smith expostas a iscas formicidas em laboratório, a fim de verificar se a capacidade de atração desta espécie não-alvo a formicidas destinadas ao controle de formigas cortadeiras (alvo) pode ser prejudicial para a população estudada. As operárias foram expostas em laboratório por 48 horas a iscas formicidas utilizadas em pastagens para controlar as formigas cortadeiras Atta capiguara Gonçalves (Formicidae: Attini) e Atta bisphaerica Forel (Formicidae: Attini), as principais espécies que causam danos às pastagens. Foram utilizados os seguintes ingredientes ativos: sulfluramida 0,3%, fipronil 0,003% e clorpirifos 0,45%. O experimento foi composto por grupos de 30 operárias expostas a 10g de formicidas, usando três repetições. Foi realizado o acompanhamento diário da mortalidade durante 20 dias, registrando-se o número de operárias mortas e intoxicadas. O grupo controle recebeu apenas 10g de polpa cítrica umedecida. A partir de resultados obtidos, as curvas de sobrevivência em função do tempo de observação foram plotadas usando o método de Kaplan-Meier, e comparadas com aplicação do Logrank test (teste não-paramétrico) em nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados revelaram que os três ingredientes ativos testados foram tóxicos e a população reduzida em 35.56% no tratamento com clorpirifós, 31,11% com sulfluramida e 30% com fipronil.

scholarly journals Impact of anxiety and depression on morbidity and mortality of patients with coronary syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3048-3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Meira Altino ◽  
Luiz Antonio Nogueira-Martins ◽  
Maria Aparecida Batistão Gonçalves ◽  
Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros ◽  
Juliana de Lima Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Logrank Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the impact of anxiety and depression on morbidity and mortality of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Method: Retrospective cohort study, with follow-up of two years, conducted with 94 patients. The morbidity and mortality (readmission, myocardial revascularization, and death) was evaluated immediately after discharge and after one and two years. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and by Beck’s Depression Inventory. The Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Logrank test were used. The significance level adopted was 0.05. Results: We observed that 76.6% of the patients did not present symptoms of depression or had mild signs, while 78.8% had low to moderate anxiety. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were not related to morbidity (need for MR p=0.098 and 0.56, respectively; readmission p=0.962 and 0.369, respectively) and mortality (p=0.434 and 0.077, respectively). Conclusion: No relationship was found between levels of anxiety and depression with the morbidity and mortality of patients.

scholarly journals If I tweet will you cite later? Follow-up on the effect of social media exposure on article downloads and citations

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797-1802
Author(s):  
Thomy Tonia ◽  
Herman Van Oyen ◽  
Anke Berger ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
Nino Künzli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Media Intervention ◽  
Relative Differences

Abstract Objectives We previously reported that random assignment of scientific articles to a social media exposure intervention did not have an effect on article downloads and citations. In this paper, we investigate whether longer observation time after exposure to a social media intervention has altered the previously reported results. Methods For articles published in the International Journal of Public Health between December 2012 and December 2014, we updated article download and citation data for a minimum of 24-month follow-up. We re-analysed the effect of social media exposure on article downloads and citations. Results There was no difference between intervention and control group in terms of downloads (p = 0.72) and citations (p= 0.30) for all papers and when we stratified by open access status. Conclusions Longer observation time did not increase the relative differences in the numbers of downloads and citations between papers in the social media intervention group and papers in the control group. Traditional impact metrics based on citations, such as impact factor, may not capture the added value of social media for scientific publications.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Value of Preoperative Serum Levels of CA 242 and CEA in the Staging and Postoperative Survival of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Kim ◽  
L.C. Fernandes ◽  
S.S. Saad ◽  
D. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ca 242 ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction CEA is the most frequently used tumor marker in colorectal cancer. There may be an improvement in its efficacy when used in association with CA 242. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative serum levels of the tumor markers CA 242 and CEA in the staging and postoperative follow-up of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and Methods Of a series of 134 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas 90 underwent radical surgery and 44 palliative surgery. The control group consisted of 22 organ donors. The cutoff serum levels utilized were 5 ng/mL for CEA and 20 U/mL for CA 242. The mortality during follow-up was recorded in order to determine the duration of survival. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using diagnostic tests, the chi-square test, survival analysis (Kaplan and Meier) and ROC curves. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was applied. Results The sensitivity of CEA in Dukes’ stages A, B, C and D was 27.8%, 32.4%, 32.1% and 66.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of CA 242 was 11.1%, 16.2%, 30.8% and 50%. When both markers were combined, the sensitivity was 33.3%, 48.6%, 40.7% and 72.5%. In the group of patients who underwent radical surgery the mean survival was 60.47 months for those with high preoperative CEA levels, 52.22 months for those with high preoperative CA 242 levels, and 44.80 months for those with elevated levels of both markers. There was a statistically significant difference in survival between patients undergoing radical surgery with elevated CA 242 levels, especially when CEA was also elevated, and patients without elevated CA 242. Conclusion Preoperative serum levels of CA 242 showed less efficacy than CEA levels for the staging of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Elevated preoperative serum levels of CA 242 alone were related to poor survival, especially in association with high levels of CEA.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Soo-Hwan Byun ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Hyo-Geun Choi ◽  
Seok-Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Joint Disorder

We evaluated the incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examined the association between TMD and RA, through longitudinal follow-up. Population data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015 was used. From 514,866 subjects, 3122 with RA were matched with 12,488 controls in a 1:4 ratio. The crude and adjusted models (for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores) were calculated. Chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis, and two-tailed analyses were used for statistical analysis. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for TMD in the RA group, compared to those in the control group. The adjusted HR for TMD in RA was 2.52 (95% CI = 1.70–3.74), compared to the control group. The results were consistent with the subgroup analyses, according to age and sex, except in men older than 60 years of age. KM analysis showed similar results. Hence, we found that patients with RA have a higher risk of TMD, and should be observed for symptoms of the initial stage of TMD to prevent the risk of aggravation.

Prevention of Fungal Peritonitis with Nystatin Prophylaxis in Patients Receiving CAPD

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Nam Wong ◽  
Kin-Yee Lo ◽  
Gensy M.W. Tong ◽  
Shuk-Fan Chan ◽  
Man-Wai Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fungal Peritonitis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
And Control

Objective Fungal peritonitis (FP) is a serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), being associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The role of nystatin prophylaxis during antibiotic therapy in the prevention of FP remains controversial, especially in programs with a modest or low baseline FP rate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nystatin prophylaxis on the occurrence of FP in programs with a relatively modest baseline FP rate. Patients and Methods Incident and prevalent patients receiving CAPD between April 1995 and April 2005 at our center were included and divided into 2 groups. The control group included 320 patients (total follow-up 8875 patient-months) being treated without nystatin before October 1999; the nystatin group included 481 patients (total follow-up 13725 patient-months) being treated after October 1999. Nystatin tablets (500000 units, 4 times per day) were given orally during whatever use of antibiotics to cover the whole course of antibiotic therapy. Occurrence of FP and antibiotic-related FP (AR-FP) in patients with and without nystatin prophylaxis was compared. Results The two groups were of similar age but the nystatin group had a significantly higher percentage of diabetics. In addition, the nystatin group had a higher proportion of patients using disconnecting twin-bag exchange systems and had a significantly lower peritonitis rate compared with the control. There were 13 and 14 episodes of FP in the nystatin and control groups respectively. The fungal peritonitis rate of the nystatin group was slightly lower than that of the control group (0.011 vs 0.019 per patient-year) but it did not reach statistical significance. There was, however, a significant decrease in the incidence and proportion of AR-FP in the nystatin group compared with the control group, which persisted even after adjustment for the peritonitis rate. Kaplan–Meier analysis further demonstrated significantly better AR-FP-free survival in the nystatin group compared with the control group. No significant side effects were observed for nystatin. Subgroup analyses in patients of the 2 different connecting systems revealed a similar but nonsignificant trend toward reduction of AR-FP in patients given nystatin prophylaxis. Conclusion Oral nystatin prophylaxis might prevent the occurrence of AR-FP in CAPD patients, resulting in a trend toward reduction in the incidence of FP even in programs with a modest baseline FP rate. A large scale, prospective, randomized controlled trial is needed to further examine this issue.

scholarly journals EXERCISE, BLOOD PRESSURE AND MORTALITY: FINDINGS OF EIGHT YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Bruna Camilo Turi ◽  
Mariana Rotta Bonfim ◽  
Jamile Sanches Codogno ◽  
Rômulo Araújo Fernandes ◽  
Lia Grego Muniz de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last decades, unhealthy habits, such as low levels of physical activity and poor diet, have increased. Consequently, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality has increased significantly among adults. However, it is known that regular physical exercises help to improve health outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of eight years of regular participation in an exercise program on blood pressure and mortality in the Brazilian public health system. Methods: The sample consisted of 34 participants with hypertension and/or type II diabetes who were followed up for eight years. They were paired by age, body mass index and chronic disease in two groups: exercise and control. During the follow-up period, medical records were used to assess systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as number of medical appointments and the occurrence of deaths. Results: In the follow-up period, five participants died in the control group and none in the exercise group. The Kaplan-Meier analysis identified 29.4% lower mortality among active participants (Fisher's exact test with p = 0.044). The number of medical appointments and the values of diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower for active participants. Conclusion: After a follow-up of eight years, participants in the exercise group attended fewer medical appointments, had better blood pressure control and a lower occurrence of deaths.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN GOAL SETTING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Nugroho Arief Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to obtain the effect of goal setting training in improving students motivation to learn. The hypothesis of this study that there were a difference between the level of student learning motivation experiment group with control group were given before and after goal setting training. Students are given goal setting training (experiment group) will increase the learning motivation after treated by goal setting training than students who did not receive goal setting training (control group). Subjects in this study amounted to eighteen for the experimental group and also for the control group. Measuring instruments used to measure the level of learning motivation was learning motivation scale. Experimental design used in this study was Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group Design and the process of determining the subject done randomly. The analysis used was a parametric statistical test models of the Independent Sample T - Test to see differences in learning motivation scores between the experimental group with the control group. The results of the pretest data analysis using Independent Sample T-Test known sig = 0.798 ( p > 0.05), and posttest data analysis known sig = 0.000 ( p < 0.005 ). Meanwhile, to see the difference in pretest scores, posttest, and follow-up used paired sample T-test in the experimental group and the control group. The results of data analysis used Paired Sample T-Test on the pretest-posttest scores showed t = -23.884 with a significance level = 0.000 (p< 0.005), the results of the analysis on the posttest-follow-up scores showed t = 4,481 with a significance level = 0.000 (p< 0.005), and the results of the analysis on the pretest score-followup showed t = -20 821 with a significance level = 0.000 (p<0.005). The results of this analysis showed that the experimental group treated with increased motivation to learn after being given the training goal setting than before given the goal setting training. Keywords: goal setting training, learning motivation

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Migraine in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Soo-Hwan Byun ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Dae-Myoung Yoo ◽  
Byoung-Eun Yang ◽  
Hyo-Geun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and migraine through a longitudinal follow-up study using population data from a national health screening cohort. Methods: This cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015. Of the 514,866 participants, 3884 TMD patients were matched at a 1:4 ratio with 15,536 control participants. Crude models and models adjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were calculated. Chi-squared test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and two-tailed log-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for migraine in both control groups. Results: The adjusted HR for migraine was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.81–2.44) in the TMD group compared to the control group, which was consistent in subgroup analyses according to age, sex, and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TMD patients have a higher risk of migraine. These results suggest that dentists can decrease the risk of migraine in TMD patients by managing TMD properly.

P5644Hypoglycemic episodes increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest in patients with type 2 diabetes - a nationwide cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y C Hsieh ◽  
Y C Liao ◽  
C H Li ◽  
J C Lin ◽  
C J Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypoglycemic Episode ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Hypoglycemic episode (HE) increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. The impact of HE on the risk of sudden death remains unclear. We hypothesized that HE increases the risks of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), and that anti-diabetic agents (ADAs) causing hypoglycemia also increase the risks of VA and SCA. Methods Patients aged ≥20 years with newly diagnosed diabetes were identified from the Taiwan National Insurance Database. HE was defined as the presentation of hypoglycemic coma or specified/unspecified hypoglycemia. For control group, we included diabetic patients without HE, and they were frequency-matched to the HE group at a 4:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any event of VA (including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation) and SCA during the defined follow-up periods. Multivariate Cox hazards regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for VA or SCA. Results A total of 54,303 diabetic patients were screened with 1,037 of them in the HE group, and 4,148 in the control group. During a mean follow-up period of 3.3±2.5 years, 29 VA/SCA events had occurred. Compared to the control group, the HE group had a higher incidence of VA/SCA (adjusted HR: 2.42, p=0.04). Diabetic patients medicated with insulin for glycemic control increased the risk of VA/SCA compared to those without insulin (adjusted HR: 3.05, p=0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves Conclusions HEs in patients with diabetes increased the risks of VA and SCA compared to those without. Their use of insulin also independently increased the risk of VA/SCA.

scholarly journals Intraventricular vs Intrathecal Baclofen for Secondary Dystonia: A Comparison of Complications

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. ons321-ons326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon G. Rocque ◽  
A. Leland Albright
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrathecal Catheter ◽  
Secondary Dystonia ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Group Data

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for secondary dystonia. However, in many patients with dystonia, placement of an intrathecal catheter is difficult because of anatomic anomalies or spinal fusion. Intraventricular baclofen (IVB) has been shown to be an effective alternate route for drug delivery in a small series of patients. OBJECTIVE: To present the largest series of IVB cases to date and to compare the complication rate with that of a concurrent cohort of ITB cases. METHODS: The senior author's series of IVB cases were reviewed. All contemporaneous cases of ITB for dystonia were reviewed as a control group. Data were collected by retrospective medical records review. RESULTS: Thirty IVB patients and 33 ITB patients were identified. Mean follow-up was 15 and 16 months, respectively. IVB patients were younger, were more commonly underweight, and had more severe dystonia, although no difference between groups was significant. Eleven patients (37%) in the IVB group and 16 patients (48%) in the ITB group experienced complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed an odds ratio of 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-1.48; P = .31) in favor of IVB. Adjusting for age and underweight status yielded an odds ratio of 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.29-1.42; P = .27) in favor of IVB. There were 7 catheter or leak-related complications in the ITB group and 2 in the IVB group (P = .15). CONCLUSION: This study shows that IVB is as safe as ITB. There may be a lower risk of catheter or leak-related complications with IVB, although this study was too small to show significance.

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