scholarly journals Submicron polymer particles may mask the presence of toxicants in wastewater effluents probed by reporter gene containing bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneshwari Manivannan ◽  
Evgeni Eltzov ◽  
Mikhail Borisover
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Products ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Polymer Particles ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biomonitoring Tool

AbstractMicroplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic systems and break down into submicron particles that can interact with aquatic toxic chemicals. These interactions may affect the detection of toxicants when using bacteria as a biomonitoring tool. This study examined the effects of model polystyrene (PS)-based submicron particles on the detection of aqueous geno- and cytotoxicity by genetically modified bioluminescent (GMB) bacteria. The toxicities were tested in three treated wastewater (TWW) effluents before and after chlorination. The PS plastics included negatively charged sulfate-coated (S-PS) and pristine (P-PS) particles of different sizes (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 µm) that were present at different concentrations. Chlorinated or not, the S-PS and P-PS particles per se were not toxic to the GMB bacteria. However, exposure of PS particles to TWW effluents can significantly reduce the measured geno- and cytotoxicity. Adsorption of toxic compounds to polymer particles can limit the ability of the bacteria to detect those compounds. This masking effect may be mitigated by TWW chlorination, possibly due to the formation of new toxic material. Due to interactions between toxic TWW constituents and the plastics particles, water samples containing particle-associated contaminants and/or their transformation products may be declared non-toxic, based on bacterial tests as a biomonitoring tool.

scholarly journals A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Amid Mostafaie ◽  
Diogo N. Cardoso ◽  
Mohammadreza Kamali ◽  
Susana Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scientometric Study

The growth of industrialization has led to an increase in the production of highly contaminated wastewater. Industrial wastewater contains highly complex compounds varying in characteristics and required to be treated before its discharge into a water medium from various industries. However, the efficiency of the treated wastewater from the toxicity reduction perspective is unclear. In order to overcome this barrier, toxicity assessment of the industrial wastewater before and after treatment is crucial. Thus, in this study, a scientometric analysis has been performed on the toxicity assessment of industrial wastewater and sludges, which have been reported in the literature. Web of Science (WoS) core collection database has been considered the main database to execute this analysis. Via the search of pre-researched keywords, a total number of 1038 documents were collected, which have been published from 1951 to 2020. Via CiteSpace software and WoS analyser, these documents went under analysis regarding some of the scientometry criteria, and the detailed results obtained are provided in this study. The total number of published documents on this topic is relatively low during such a long period of time. In conclusion, the need for more detailed contributions among the scientific and industrial communities has been felt.

scholarly journals Potentially Infectious Novel Hepatitis A Virus Strains Detected in Selected Treated Wastewater Discharge Sources, South Africa

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Saïd Rachida ◽  
Maureen Beatrice Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a waterborne pathogen of public health importance. In South Africa (SA), unique HAV subgenotype IB strains have been detected in surface and wastewater samples, as well as on fresh produce at the point of retail. However, due to the use of molecular-based assays, the infectivity of the detected strains was unknown. Considering the potential shift of HAV endemicity from high to intermediate, which could increase the risk of severe symptomatic disease, this study investigated the identity of HAV strains detected before and after viability treatment of selected wastewater discharge samples. For one year, 118 samples consisting of sewage, treated wastewater discharge and downstream dam water were collected from five wastewater treatment plants (WWTP 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Unique HAV IB strains were detected in samples from all five WWTPs, with 11 of these strains carrying amino acid mutations at the immunodominant and neutralisation epitopes. A quasispecies dynamic of HAV has also been detected in sewage samples. The subsequent application of viability PCR revealed that potentially infectious HAV strains were discharged from WWTP 1, 2, 4 and 5 into the dam. Therefore, there is a potential risk of HAV exposure to communities using water sources downstream the WWTPs.

Estrogen-like and dioxin-like organic contaminants in reclaimed wastewater: transfer to irrigated soil and groundwater

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1657-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mahjoub ◽  
A. Escande ◽  
D. Rosain ◽  
C. Casellas ◽  
E. Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Estradiol Equivalent ◽  
Irrigated Soils

In semi-arid regions, treated wastewater reuse for irrigation is a common practice since wastewater is considered as a non negligible water resource in these areas. However, treated wastewater contains traces of organic compounds which may contaminate the receiving environment i.e. soil and groundwater. Some of these organic compounds have the ability to bind to estrogen receptor (ER) or dioxin receptor (AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor). The fate of these compounds in effluent reused for irrigation, irrigated soils and groundwater is not well addressed yet. In the present study, estrogenic and dioxin-like activities were studied in three media: i) effluents reused for irrigation, ii) soils samples collected from the reclaimed water irrigated plot during six month irrigation, and iii) groundwater sampled before and after irrigation periods. Effluents reused for irrigation exhibited ER and AhR activities at 38.5±9.9 ng estradiol-equivalent/L (ng E2-EQ/L) and 113.3±27.7 ng dioxin-equivalent/L (ng TCDD-EQ/L), respectively. Soils showed ER activity (0.05 ng E2-EQ/g) only after 4 months of irrigation. AhR activities detected in all soil samples have not changed during irrigation. In groundwater, ER activities were detected in two piezometers indicating transfer of some estrogenic compounds.

scholarly journals Study of the oxidative degradation of industrial laundry effluent from jeans by chromatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e550101624044
Author(s):  
Rogério Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Gilson Lima da Silva ◽  
Victória Fernanda Alves Milanez ◽  
Gustavo José de Araújo Aguiar ◽  
Marcelo Fabrício Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Textile Industries

Textile industries activities can positively affect a city’s economy. However, those industries require a great deal of water and sheds high organic load into water bodies, causing a considerate environmental impact. As potential pollutant substances, the dye’s presence in textile effluents are recalcitrant and can change the chemical and physical properties. It also resists conventional treatments. The treatment based on advanced oxidation processes presents to be efficient on dye’s degradation, but it may generate secondary toxic compounds, therefore is necessary to use techniques to evaluate its toxicity after the treatment. This study evaluated a laundry effluent, both before and after the treatment using the photo - Fenton processes. Applying liquid chromatography, results have shown that the dye's degradation was higher than 90% and a COD decrease to 73%.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of emulsion paint wastewater using Azolla Pinnata, Eichhornia Crassipes and Lemna Minor

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-557
Author(s):  
E.A. Echiegu ◽  
C.O. Ezimah ◽  
M.E. Okechukwu ◽  
O.A. Nwoke
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Emulsion Paint ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Plants

The use of three macrophytes namely Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor for the phytoremediation of emulsion paint wastewater was investigated. Samples of the paint wastewater and test plants were collected and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations before and after phytoremediation for six weeks. The TDS of the treated wastewater was reduced by over 80.0% by each of the test plants while the TSS increased as a result of debris from withered test plants. Dissolved oxygen reduction ranged from 12.5% to 50.0%, COD from 49.5% to 57.1%, BOD from 46.7% to 54.7, heavy metals from 11.0 to 92.5%. A. pinnata appears to have performed significantly better (P < 0.05) than the other plants followed by E. crassipies and L. minor. It can be concluded that the test plants (especially A. pinnata) can be effectively used for the preliminary treatment of paint wastewater.

scholarly journals Effect of Photooxidation on Nanofiltration Membrane Fouling During Wastewater Treatment from the Confectionery Industry

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Anna Marszałek ◽  
Ewa Puszczało
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Uv Lamp

The research in this article aimed to present the possibilities of wastewater treatment coming from the confectionery plant in the nanofiltration (NF) process and the use of photooxidation to mitigate membrane fouling. The process was carried out initially in a dead-end flow system, where the most favorable membrane was selected. Next, the purification efficiency and blocking intensity of this membrane in the system were compared with cross flow. The next research involved the use of a photolytic oxidation process to pretreat sugar wastewater. UV radiation was emitted by a medium pressure mercury UV lamp model TQ 150 V. The effectiveness of the process was also evaluated based on the degree of pollutant load removal. The evaluation of the efficiency of a treatment process was based on the change of wastewater quality indicators before and after the membrane process. The following parameters were controlled: color, COD (chemical oxygen demand), TOC (total organic carbon), absorbance of UV254, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, conductivity, and pH. During the course of pressure filtration, the following properties of the membrane were determined: the dependence of the volumetric flux of the permeate on the process duration, the permeability of the membrane, as well as the contact angle of the membranes. It was found that the use of UV reduced the phenomenon of fouling of nanofiltration membranes. The value of the permeate volumetric flow after the hour of running the process increased by 17%. However, no impact of UV on the efficiency of wastewater treatment was found. However, the NF process provided the required quality of treated wastewater that can be reused in industrial applications. The NF process resulted in a total decrease in absorbance, 99% TOC removal, and 98% color removal.

Combined Treatment of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater in Waste Stabilisation Pond Systems in Kenya

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Alabaster ◽  
S. W. Mills ◽  
S. A. Osebe ◽  
W. N. Thitai ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Toxic Compounds

Waste stabilisation pond systems have traditionally been used for treating domestic wastewater, although they may also be suitable for treatment of high-strength industrial wastes. The long retention times and high buffering capacity of such systems enables them to cope more readily with widely fluctuating organic loads and biologically toxic compounds. Data are presented from two waste stabilisation pond systems in Kenya, both of which treat sewage containing a high proportion of mixed industrial effluent, e.g. tannery and textile wastes. Data from both sites indicated that anaerobic ponds are of primary importance in the treatment of industrial wastewaters. Not only did they significantly reduce the organic carbon content of the wastewaters, but they effectively buffered the sensitive algal populations in the secondary facultative ponds from shock loads of highly toxic chemicals and wastes of widely varying pH. This enabled an overall higher loading to be applied to the aerobic system.

The Mechanisms of Formation of Immunodeficiency's, Autoimmune Reactions and Hypersensitivity under the Influence of Xenobiotics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel F Zabrodsky
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Subject

In the last 30-40 years, a new scientific direction has been formed, which is studying the effect of xenobiotics on the nonspecific resistance of the organism and the immune system immunotoxicology. The subject of immunotoxicology is the study of the effect on the immune homeostasis of xenobiotics: toxic chemicals (TCh), pharmacological agents and biological agents [1-3]. At the same time, damage to the immune system can be the result of both direct and indirect effects of xenobiotics and/or their metabolites. In addition, xenobiotics (or their metabolites) can develop an immune response with the formation of antibodies. It should be noted, and the possibility of modification of toxic compounds, as a result of which they acquire the properties of antigen. It is also possible the formation of antibodies to the complex toxicant-antigen [1-4].

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