scholarly journals Effect of graphite and graphene oxide on thorium carbide microstructural and thermal properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Corradetti ◽  
S. M. Carturan ◽  
M. Ballan ◽  
R. Eloirdi ◽  
P. Amador Celdran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Target Material ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Release ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThorium carbide to be tested as target material for the production of 225Ac with the ISOL method, was produced via carbothermal reduction of ThO2 nanoparticles by graphite and graphene oxide, respectively. The use of graphene oxide (GO) as carbon source resulted in a reduced reactivity compared to graphite, confirmed by the presence of unreacted ThO2 mainly in the core of the samples. The reacted ThO2 or ThC2–GO showed a faster reactivity in air, mainly observed as ThC2 amorphization. The specific surface area of the ThC2–GO samples was almost doubled compared to ThC2–graphite samples. The effect of these microstructural features was analysed in terms of thermal diffusivity and calculated thermal conductivity that were both reduced in ThC2–GO samples, however the difference with ThC2–graphite samples decreased at increasing temperature. The present study shows that the use of unreduced GO inhibits the solid-state reaction between ThO2 and C; on the other hand, the high reactivity of the ThC2 so produced is expected to be beneficial for the 225Ac production with the ISOL method, affording a high release efficiency. It is expected that the use of reduced GO could represent a good solution for highly efficient ThC2 targets.

scholarly journals Graphene oxide-loaded shortening as an environmentally friendly heat transfer fluid with high thermal conductivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2247-2254
Author(s):  
Thammasit Vongsetskul ◽  
Peeranut Prakulpawong ◽  
Panmanas Sirisomboon ◽  
Jonggol Tantirungrotechai ◽  
Chanasuk Surasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Graphene oxide-loaded shortening (GOS), an environmentally friendly heat transfer fluid with high thermal conductivity, was successfully prepared by mixing graphene oxide (GO) with a shortening. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that GO particles, prepared by the modified Hummer?s method, dispersed well in the shortening. In addition, the latent heat of GOS decreased while their viscosity and thermal conductivity increased with increasing the amount of loaded GO. The thermal conductivity of the GOS with 4% GO was higher than that of pure shortening of ca. three times, from 0.1751 to 0.6022 W/mK, and increased with increasing temperature. The GOS started to be degraded at ca. 360?C. After being heated and cooled at 100?C for 100 cycles, its viscosity slightly decreased and no chemical degradation was observed. Therefore, the prepared GOS is potentially used as environmentally friendly heat transfer fluid at high temperature.

Manipulated Agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred R. Mele
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Historical Difference

Thought experiments featuring manipulated agents and designed agents have played a significant role in the literature on moral responsibility. What can we learn from thought experiments of this kind about the nature of moral responsibility? That is this book’s primary question. An important lesson lies at the core of its answer: Moral responsibility for actions has a historical dimension of a certain kind. A pair of agents whose current nonhistorical properties are very similar and who perform deeds of the same kind may nevertheless be such that one is morally responsible for the deed whereas the other is not, and what makes the difference is a difference in how they came to be as they are at that time—that is, a historical difference. Imagine that each of these agents attempts to assassinate someone. Depending on the details of the cases, it may be that one of these agents is morally responsible for the attempt whereas the other is not, because one of them was manipulated in a certain way into being in the psychological state that issues in the behavior whereas the other agent came to be in that state under his own steam. A variety of thought experiments are considered. They include stories about agents whose value systems are radically altered by manipulators, vignettes featuring agents who are built from scratch, and scenarios in which agents magically come into being with full psychological profiles.

Effects of Core Material on Extrudability of Cu/Pure Al, Cu/Al3003 Clad Composites by Indirect Extrusion

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taek Kyun Jung ◽  
Hyouk Chon Kwon ◽  
Sung Chul Lim ◽  
Young Sup Lee ◽  
Mok Soon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Extrusion Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Diffusion Layer Thickness ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sheath Material

We investigated about the effects of core material(Pure Al, Al3003) on extrudability such as the maximum extrusion ratio and the bonding strength of Copper Clad Aluminum(CCA) by indirect extrusion. As a results of this experiment, the maximum extrusion ratio of Cu/Al3003 was 38, which was larger than 21.39 of Cu/Al(Cu/pure Al). It was because that the difference of flow stress between copper as the sheath material and Al3003 as the core material was smaller than that of between copper and pure aluminum under the same extrusion temperature of 623K. The bonding strength gradually increased when the extrusion ratio increased, on the other hand, the bonding strength of Cu/Al3003 was higher than that of Cu/Al under same extrusion conditions. The diffusion layer thickness that affected bonding strength was not affected by the kind of core material, but it gradually increased when the extrusion ratio increased. It was thought that Cu/Al3003 had a more intimate diffusion layer than Cu/Al had because the extrusion pressure of Cu/Al3003 was higher than that of Cu/Al under the same extrusion conditions.

Actually and in fact in American English: a data-based analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Young Oh
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Core Meaning

Actually and in fact have been generally regarded as interchangeable without leading to any significant differences in the meaning of the containing utterances: as a result, no serious attempt has been made to discover potential differences between the two. The present study focuses on the differences as well as the similarities between actually and in fact in their distribution and use in spoken and written American English. Based upon an analysis of tokens from the Switchboard Corpus and the Brown Corpus, I propose that `unexpectedness’ is the core meaning shared by actually and in fact, and that the difference between the two lies in the typical association of each with one or the other way of signalling ‘unexpectedness’. The study also shows that in real discourse contexts, actually and in fact develop a number of different uses that are more or less remote from this core meaning.

scholarly journals Molecular Regions Controlling the Activity of Cng Channels

2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Möttig ◽  
Jana Kusch ◽  
Thomas Zimmer ◽  
Annette Scholle ◽  
Klaus Benndorf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Difference ◽  
Core Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptors ◽  
Channel Opening ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Α Subunits

The α subunits of CNG channels of retinal photoreceptors (rod) and olfactory neurons (olf) are proteins that consist of a cytoplasmic NH2 terminus, a transmembrane core region (including the segments S1–S6), and a cytoplasmic COOH terminus. The COOH terminus contains a cyclic nucleotide monophosphate binding domain NBD) that is linked by the C-linker (CL) to the core region. The binding of cyclic nucleotides to the NBD promotes channel opening by an allosteric mechanism. We examined why the sensitivity to cGMP is 22 times higher in olf than in rod by constructing chimeric channels and determining the [cGMP] causing half maximum channel activity (EC50). The characteristic difference in the EC50 value between rod and olf was introduced by the NH2 terminus and the core-CL region, whereas the NBD showed a paradoxical effect. The difference of the free energy difference Δ(ΔG) was determined for each of these three regions with all possible combinations of the other two regions. For rod regions with respect to corresponding olf regions, the open channel conformation was destabilized by the NH2 terminus (Δ(ΔG) = −1.0 to −2.0 RT) and the core-CL region (Δ(ΔG) = −2.0 to −2.9 RT), whereas it was stabilized by the NBD (Δ(ΔG) = 0.3 to 1.1 RT). The NH2 terminus deletion mutants of rod and olf differed by Δ(ΔG) of only 0.9 RT, whereas the wild-type channels differed by the much larger value of 3.1 RT. The results show that in rod and olf, the NH2 terminus, the core-CL region, and the NBD differ by characteristic Δ(ΔG) values that do not depend on the specific composition of the other two regions and that the NH2 terminus generates the main portion of Δ(ΔG) between the wild-type channels.

scholarly journals Influence of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Yttria-Doped Zirconia

Ceramics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Kimura ◽  
Takuto Kushi ◽  
Atsushi Unemoto ◽  
Koji Amezawa ◽  
Tatsuya Kawada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shear Moduli ◽  
Local Ordering ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Temperature

We evaluated the influence of aging on mechanical properties of 8% yttria-doped zirconia (8YSZ) from room temperature to 1200 K. The temperature dependence of the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ with and without the aging treatment was investigated by using a resonance method. The dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ without the aging treatment decreased by 33% below 700 K and gradually increased at higher temperatures with increasing temperature. On the other hand, those with the aging treatments decreased by around 20% below 600 K while did not significantly change above 600 K with increasing temperature. These demonstrated the effect of aging on the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ was most remarkable at intermediate temperatures (600~1000 K). Although it was suggested that the existence ratio of the metastable tetragonal phase was increased during the aging treatment, it is likely that the influence of this phase transition on the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli was not significant. It seemed that the difference in the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ with and without the aging treatment at intermediate temperatures was due to the local ordering of the oxygen vacancies.

EUTECTIC SOLIDIFICATION IN METALS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Winegard ◽  
S. Majka ◽  
B. M. Thall ◽  
B. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Eutectic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eutectic Solidification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases

A study has been made of the process of solidification of the alloys of tin and lead the eutectic structure of which is typically lamellar. A technique was developed in which the rate and direction of solidification were controlled. It was demonstrated that freezing takes place by the simultaneous edgewise growth of the lamellae, the thickness of which depends on the rate of freezing. It was also shown that the interface between solid and liquid at any instant is corrugated, owing to the fact that one of the phases is in advance of the other. This is attributed to the difference in thermal conductivity of the two phases. A detailed description is given of the process of eutectic solidification

The Failure to Control and the Failure to Prevent, Repress and Submit: The Structure of Superior Responsibility under Article 28 icc Statute

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Yokohama
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Superior Responsibility ◽  
The Relationship

In Article 28 of the statute of the International Criminal Court (icc), there appear to be two kinds of omission, namely, a failure to control on the one hand, and a failure to prevent, repress and submit on the other. However, the relationship between both omissions remains unclear so far. This is a controversial topic not only in the scholarly debate but also in the recent jurisprudence of the icc. The core question is whether both omissions need to be proved separately (twofold-failures approach), or whether only the proof of the latter omission could suffice for the superior to be held responsible (single-failure approach). These two approaches could lead to different conclusions as to several aspects of superior responsibility: the ‘number’ of omissions that must be proved and the requirement of causality, for example. This article addresses the difference between these two approaches and demonstrates which approach should be adopted.

Chinese Thinking on the Future of International Relations: Realism as the Ti, Rationalism as the Yong?

2009 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lynch
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
English School ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intellectual Elites

AbstractChina's evidently unstoppable “rise” energizes PRC political and intellectual elites to think seriously about the future of international relations. How will (and should) China's international roles change in the forthcoming decades? How should its leaders put the country's rapidly-increasing power to use? Foreign China specialists have tended to use an overly-streamlined “resisting” the West versus “co-operating” with it (or even simpler “optimistic” versus “pessimistic”) scale to address such questions, partly reflecting the divide between Realism and Neoliberalism in American international relations theory. By 2002, a near-consensus had developed (though never shared universally) that China had become an increasingly co-operative power since the mid-1990s and would continue to pursue the policy prescriptions of Neoliberal international relations theory. But using more nuanced “English school” analytical techniques – and examining the writings of Chinese elites themselves, aimed solely at Chinese audiences – this article discovers an unmistakably cynical Realism to be still at the core of Chinese thinking on the international future. Even elites who appear sincere in their promotion of co-operation firmly reject “solidarism” among the world's leading states and insist upon upholding the difference between China and all others. Many demand – and foresee – China using its future power to pursue world objectives that would depart in significant respects from those of the other leading states and non-state actors.

scholarly journals A window into the neutron star: Modelling the cooling of accretion heated neutron star crusts

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S337) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella J.P. Wijngaarden ◽  
Rudy Wijnands ◽  
Laura S. Ootes ◽  
Aastha S. Parikh ◽  
Dany Page
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core ◽  
Neutron Star Crust ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
X Ray Binaries

AbstractIn accreting neutron star X-ray transients, the neutron star crust can be substantially heated out of thermal equilibrium with the core during an accretion outburst. The observed subsequent cooling in quiescence (when accretion has halted) offers a unique opportunity to study the structure and thermal properties of the crust. Initially crust cooling modelling studies focussed on transient X-ray binaries with prolonged accretion outbursts (> 1 year) such that the crust would be significantly heated for the cooling to be detectable. Here we present the results of applying a theoretical model to the observed cooling curve after a short accretion outburst of only ~10 weeks. In our study we use the 2010 outburst of the transiently accreting 11 Hz X-ray pulsar in the globular cluster Terzan 5. Observationally it was found that the crust in this source was still hot more than 4 years after the end of its short accretion outburst. From our modelling we found that such a long-lived hot crust implies some unusual crustal properties such as a very low thermal conductivity (> 10 times lower than determined for the other crust cooling sources). In addition, we present our preliminary results of the modelling of the ongoing cooling of the neutron star in MXB 1659-298. This transient X-ray source went back into quiescence in March 2017 after an accretion phase of ~1.8 years. We compare our predictions for the cooling curve after this outburst with the cooling curve of the same source obtained after its previous outburst which ended in 2001.

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