scholarly journals Aerobic exercise intensity does not affect the anabolic signaling following resistance exercise in endurance athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Jones ◽  
L. Eddens ◽  
J. Kupusarevic ◽  
D. C. M. Simoes ◽  
M. J. W. Furber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Interval Cycling ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

AbstractThis study examined whether intensity of endurance stimulus within a concurrent training paradigm influenced the phosphorylation of signaling proteins associated with the mTOR and AMPK networks. Eight male cyclists completed (1) resistance exercise (RES), 6 × 8 squats at 80% 1-RM; (2) resistance exercise and moderate intensity cycling of 40 min at 65% V̇O2peak, (RES + MIC); (3) resistance exercise and high intensity interval cycling of 40 min with 6 alternating 3 min intervals of 85 and 45% V̇O2peak (RES + HIIC), in a cross-over design. Muscle biopsies were collected at rest and 3 h post-RES. There was a main effect of condition for mTORS2448 (p = 0.043), with a greater response in the RES + MIC relative to RES condition (p = 0.033). There was a main effect of condition for AMPKα2T172 (p = 0.041), with a greater response in RES + MIC, relative to both RES + HIIC (p = 0.026) and RES (p = 0.046). There were no other condition effects for the remaining protein kinases assessed (p > 0.05). These data do not support a molecular interference effect in cyclists under controlled conditions. There was no intensity-dependent regulation of AMPK, nor differential activation of anabolism with the manipulation of endurance exercise intensity.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (11) ◽  
pp. H1443-H1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond ◽  
P. E. Gates ◽  
S. R. Jackman ◽  
L. M. Corless ◽  
C. A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [ P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE ( P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.

Dose-Response Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise on Tower of London in Middle-Aged Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Kai Chang ◽  
I-Hua Chu ◽  
Feng-Tzu Chen ◽  
Chun-Chih Wang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

The present research attempts to evaluate the dose-response relationship between acute resistance exercise and planning. Seventeen participants performed the Tower of London (TOL) in control condition and three different exercise intensity conditions (40%, 70%, and 100% 10-repetition maximal) in a counterbalanced order. The results revealed positive effects of an acute bout of resistance exercise on the TOL. Specifically, a curvilinear trend was observed between exercise intensity and TOL scores that measured performances of “correct” and “move,” where moderate intensity demonstrated the most optimal performance compared with the other conditions. None of these differences were found in TOL scores that measure performances of “violation” and “planning speed.” These results suggest that acute moderate intensity resistance exercise could facilitate planning-related executive functions in middle-aged adults.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity affects acute neurotrophic and neurophysiological responses poststroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierce Boyne ◽  
Colleen Meyrose ◽  
Jennifer Westover ◽  
Dustyn Whitesel ◽  
Kristal Hatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Brain

Aerobic exercise may acutely prime the brain to be more responsive to rehabilitation, thus facilitating neurologic recovery from conditions like stroke. This aerobic priming effect could occur through multiple mechanisms, including upregulation of circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), increased corticospinal excitability, and decreased intracortical inhibition. However, optimal exercise parameters for targeting these mechanisms are poorly understood. This study tested the effects of exercise intensity on acute BDNF and neurophysiological responses. Sixteen ambulatory persons >6 mo poststroke performed three different 20-min exercise protocols in random order, approximately 1 wk apart, including the following: 1) treadmill high-intensity interval training (HIT-treadmill); 2) seated-stepper HIT (HIT-stepper); and 3) treadmill moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MCT-treadmill). Serum BDNF and transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of paretic lower limb excitability and inhibition were assessed at multiple time points during each session. Compared with MCT-treadmill, HIT-treadmill elicited significantly greater acute increases in circulating BDNF and corticospinal excitability. HIT-stepper initially showed BDNF responses similar to HIT-treadmill but was no longer significantly different from MCT-treadmill after decreasing the intensity in reaction to two hypotensive events. Additional regression analyses showed that an intensity sufficient to accumulate blood lactate appeared to be important for eliciting BDNF responses, that the interval training approach may have facilitated the corticospinal excitability increases, and that the circulating BDNF response was (negatively) related to intracortical inhibition. These findings further elucidate neurologic mechanisms of aerobic exercise and inform selection of optimal exercise-dosing parameters for enhancing acute neurologic effects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute exercise-related increases in circulating BDNF and corticospinal excitability are thought to prime the brain for learning. Our data suggest that these responses can be obtained among persons with stroke using short-interval treadmill high-intensity interval training, that a vigorous aerobic intensity sufficient to generate lactate accumulation is needed to increase BDNF, that interval training facilitates increases in paretic quadriceps corticospinal excitability, and that greater BDNF response is associated with lesser intracortical inhibition response.

scholarly journals The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Total PYY and GLP-1 in Healthy Females: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian R. Hallworth ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland ◽  
Jon Doan ◽  
Tom J. Hazell
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Session Time ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Healthy Females

We compared the acute response of anorexigenic signals (total PYY and GLP-1) in response to submaximal and supramaximal exercise. Nine females completed three sessions: (1) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30 min; 65%  VO2max); (2) sprint interval training (SIT; 6 × 30 sec “all-out” cycling sprints with 4 min recovery); or (3) control (CTRL; no exercise). PYY and GLP-1 were measured via blood samples drawn before, immediately after, and 90 min after exercise. Perceptions of hunger were rated using a visual analogue scale at all blood sampling time points. There was a session × time interaction for GLP-1 (p=0.004) where SIT and MICT (p<0.015 and p<0.001) were higher compared to CTRL both immediately and 90 min after exercise. There was a main effect of time for PYY where 90 min after exercise it was decreased versus before and immediately after exercise. There was a session × time interaction for hunger with lower ratings following SIT versus MICT (p=0.027) and CTRL (p=0.031) 90 min after exercise. These results suggest that though GLP-1 is elevated after exercise in women, it is not affected by exercise intensity though hunger was lower 90 min after exercise with SIT. As the sample size is small further study is needed to confirm these findings.

Acute Effects of Resistance-Exercise Intensity in Depressed Black/African Americans Living With HIV: A Randomized Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Sanaz Nosrat ◽  
James W. Whitworth ◽  
Nicholas J. SantaBarbara ◽  
Shira I. Dunsiger ◽  
Joseph T. Ciccolo
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
American People ◽  
Black African ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Depressive symptoms and fatigue are prevalent among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Resistance exercise is known to stimulate a positive affective response. Objective: To examine the acute psychological effects of resistance-exercise intensity among Black/African-American people living with human immunodeficiency virus and experiencing depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 42 participants were randomized into a moderate- (n = 21) or high-intensity (n = 21) group. Assessments were collected before exercise (PRE), at the midpoint (MID), immediately following (POST) exercise, and 15 (DELAY 15) and 30 (DELAY 30) min after. Results: In the moderate-intensity group, affect improved PRE to POST, PRE to DELAY 15 and DELAY 30, and perceived distress decreased from PRE to all time points. In the high-intensity group, affect declined PRE to MID, and perceived distress decreased PRE to DELAY 15 and DELAY 30. Perceived activation increased PRE to MID, and POST in both groups (ps < .01). Conclusions: The moderate-intensity group compared with the high-intensity group is more effective at improving affect and energy and at reducing distress.

scholarly journals Exploring the Dose-Response Relationship between Resistance Exercise Intensity and Cognitive Function

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Kai Chang ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

The purpose of this study was to explore the dose-response relationship between resistance exercise intensity and cognitive performance. Sixty-eight participants were randomly assigned into control, 40%, 70%, or 100% of 10-repetition maximal resistance exercise groups. Participants were tested on Day 1 (baseline) and on Day 2 (measures were taken relative to performance of the treatment). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, self-reported arousal, and affect were assessed on both days. Cognitive performance was assessed on Day 1 and before and following treatment on Day 2. Results from regression analyses indicated that there is a significant linear effect of exercise intensity on information processing speed, and a significant quadratic trend for exercise intensity on executive function. Thus, there is a dose-response relationship between the intensity of resistance exercise and cognitive performance such that high-intensity exercise benefits speed of processing, but moderate intensity exercise is most beneficial for executive function.

scholarly journals A comparison of the health benefits of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) and moderate-intensity walking in type 2 diabetes patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
José S. Ruffino ◽  
Preeyaphorn Songsorn ◽  
Malindi Haggett ◽  
Daniel Edmonds ◽  
Anthony M. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) is a genuinely time-efficient intervention that can improve aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity in sedentary individuals. The present study compared the effects of REHIT and moderate-intensity walking on health markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a counter-balanced crossover study. Sixteen men with T2D (mean ± SD age: 55 ± 5 years, body mass index: 30.6 ± 2.8 kg·m−2, maximal aerobic capacity: 27 ± 4 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 8 weeks of REHIT (three 10-min low-intensity cycling sessions/week with two “all-out” 10–20-s sprints) and 8 weeks of moderate-intensity walking (five 30-min sessions/week at an intensity corresponding to 40%–55% of heart-rate reserve), with a 2-month wash-out period between interventions. Before and after each intervention, participants underwent an incremental fitness test, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and continuous glucose monitoring. REHIT was associated with a significantly larger increase in maximal aerobic capacity compared with walking (7% vs. 1%; time × intervention interaction effect: p < 0.05). Both REHIT and walking decreased resting mean arterial pressure (−4%; main effect of time: p < 0.05) and plasma fructosamine (−5%; main effect of time: p < 0.05). Neither intervention significantly improved OGTT-derived measures of insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control measured using continuous glucose monitors, blood lipid profile, or body composition. We conclude that REHIT is superior to a 5-fold larger volume of moderate-intensity walking in improving aerobic fitness, but similar to walking REHIT is not an effective intervention for improving insulin sensitivity or glycaemic control in T2D patients in the short term.

scholarly journals Acute leptin response after high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous runs

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Alesson Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo De Lucca
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The possible direct role of exercise intensity and duration on leptin concentrations is conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of high intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate intensity continuous (MICE) exercise on plasma leptin response. Seven young volunteers underwent three tests: 1) a treadmill graded exercise test to identify running peak velocity (PV); 2) HIIE: 5 × 2 min work bouts at 90% of PV, interspersed by 2 min of passive recovery and; 3) MICE: 30 min at 70 % of PV. Blood samples were drawn for the assays of leptin before and 30 minutes after HIIE and MICE. A 2-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect of time [F(1,6) =17,52; p=0,006], no significant effect of condition (type of exercise) (F(1,6) = 0,16; p = 0,68) and no significant interaction (condition × time) (F(1,6)= 0,48, p=0,51). Leptin decreased 30 min after HIIE (t= 2,95, p=0,025) and MICE (t=4,18; p=0,005). There was no difference between the HIIE and MICE conditions immediately after exercise (t=0,90; p=0,40). After HIIE and MICE, leptin decreased in the same magnitude. It appears that both exercise modalities result in physical stress which is sufficient to improve short-term leptin sensibility.

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