scholarly journals Novel duck reovirus exhibits pathogenicity to specific pathogen-free chickens by the subcutaneous route

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexiang Yu ◽  
Jinfeng Ti ◽  
Xiao Lu ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Liping Liu ◽  
...  

AbstractTo study the pathogenicity of new duck reovirus (NDRV) to chickens, eighty 3-day-old SPF chickens were equally divided into two groups. The experimental group was inoculated with a NDRV challenge strain of 100 μL (10–5.00 ELD50/0.1 mL) by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route, and the control group was inoculated with 100 μL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) by the same route. In the experimental group, chickens exhibited introflexion of claws, performing of splits, stunting syndrome, weight loss and death. Gross lesions such as enlargement and yellowish-white focal necroses were observed in the liver and spleen. Microscopic changes were typical including varying degrees of hepatocyte steatosis and necrosis, splenic lymphocyte necrosis, interstitial pneumonia. Viral loads were detected in lung, liver, heart, spleen, duodenum, burse and kidney. The liver and spleen viral loads remained a much higher level and maintained for a longer time, suggesting that these tissues might be the target organs. In summary, NDRV can cause systemic infections and death in chickens, which indicated that chickens may be infected by NDRV in poultry production.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ye ◽  
Chunjie Wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. Results The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to (I) (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group (II) Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeann Leal de Araujo ◽  
Ian Tizard ◽  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
J Jill Heatley ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann ◽  
...  

The identification of Parrot bornaviruses in psittacine birds with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) has not been sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of this fatal disease since not all infected birds develop clinical signs. One hypothesis suggests that PaBV could trigger the production of autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides. These are major neuronal antigens, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. Experimental inoculation of pure gangliosides and brain-derived ganglioside extracts were used in two different immunization studies. A preliminary study on seven healthy chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was performed using a group of four chickens inoculated with a brain ganglioside extract in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and a control group comprised by three chickens inoculated only with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A second study with five healthy quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) was comprised of three groups. Two quaker parrots received purified gangliosides in FCA, two received a crude brain extract in FCA, and one control quaker parrot received FCA alone. In the preliminary study, one chicken developed ataxia and weakness. None of the quaker parrots had any clinical signs that could resemble PDD or GBS. None of the chickens or quaker parrots presented any gross lesions. The chicken with clinical signs had a perivascular and perineural lymphocytic infiltrate in the proventriculus. Two of the quaker parrots (one from each treatment group) developed mild lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis and myelitis. Our results suggest that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeann Leal de Araujo ◽  
Ian Tizard ◽  
Jianhua Guo ◽  
J Jill Heatley ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann ◽  
...  

The identification of Parrot bornaviruses in psittacine birds with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) has not been sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of this fatal disease since not all infected birds develop clinical signs. One hypothesis suggests that PaBV could trigger the production of autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides. These are major neuronal antigens, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. Experimental inoculation of pure gangliosides and brain-derived ganglioside extracts were used in two different immunization studies. A preliminary study on seven healthy chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was performed using a group of four chickens inoculated with a brain ganglioside extract in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and a control group comprised by three chickens inoculated only with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A second study with five healthy quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) was comprised of three groups. Two quaker parrots received purified gangliosides in FCA, two received a crude brain extract in FCA, and one control quaker parrot received FCA alone. In the preliminary study, one chicken developed ataxia and weakness. None of the quaker parrots had any clinical signs that could resemble PDD or GBS. None of the chickens or quaker parrots presented any gross lesions. The chicken with clinical signs had a perivascular and perineural lymphocytic infiltrate in the proventriculus. Two of the quaker parrots (one from each treatment group) developed mild lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis and myelitis. Our results suggest that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ye ◽  
Chunjie Wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups; the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. Results The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to I. (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group II. Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.


1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
pp. 1048-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Randolph ◽  
G. L. White ◽  
S. D. Kosanke ◽  
G. Bild ◽  
C. Carr ◽  
...  

SummaryThis study was designed to determine the effect of a delayed infusion (T+120 min) of alanyl tissue factor pathway inhibitor (ala-TFPI) on the response to LD100 E. coli. We hypothesized that baboons treated with a low dose of TFPI (5 mg/kg) which did not survive would exhibit thrombosis, infarction and hemorrhage of target tissues such as that seen in untreated animals infused with LD100 E. coli. Eight baboons were infused with 5 mg/kg of ala-TFPI over a 10 h period beginning immediately after a 2 h infusion of LD100 E. coli (experimental group). Four baboons were infused with E. coli followed by a 10 h infusion of saline (control group). Of the 12 baboons, the 11 non-survivors (TFPI = 7 out of 8; controls = 4 out of 4) were evaluated for the extent of thrombosis, necrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion of target tissues and for changes in clinical chemical parameters. We expected that failure to protect would correlate with failure to inhibit thrombosis of target tissue (8). Surprisingly ala-TFPI significantly inhibited thrombosis, hemorrhage and necrosis of adrenal and renal tissues and attenuated the rise in creatinine in the 7 treated non-survivors. The lungs of these non-survivors, however, exhibited intra-alveolar fibrin and a mild degree of hemorrhage and edema. We concluded that low doses of ala-TFPI begun as late as T+120 in minutes failed to protect against the lethal effects of LD100 E. coli in spite of completely preventing thrombosis and hemorrhage in target organs, and that thrombosis, infarction and hemorrhage of adrenal and renal tissue are not part of the lethal chain of events in this IV model of E. coli sepsis.


Author(s):  
Р.В. КАЗАРЯН ◽  
А.С. БОРОДИХИН ◽  
А.Д. АЧМИЗ ◽  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
П.В. МИРОШНИЧЕНКО

Проведена сравнительная оценка качества и пищевой ценности мяса цыплятбройлеров и яиц курнесушек, полученных от птиц опытной группы, в рацион которых добавляли в течение 6 и 4 недель соответственно кормовой концентрат, включающий комплекс биологически активных веществ и пробиотическую микрофлору, в количестве 0,3 к массе корма. В качестве контрольной была группа птиц, получавших только основной рацион. Установлено, что содержание белка и жира в мясе цыплятбройлеров опытной группы выше на 7,02 и 2,44 соответственно по сравнению с содержанием белка и жира в мясе цыплятбройлеров контрольной группы. Содержание фосфолипидов, витаминов А и Е в мясе цыплятбройлеров опытной группы соответственно в 2,12 2,4 и 2,2 раза выше по сравнению с аналогичным показателем контрольной группы. При исследовании кулинарных свойств мяса цыплятбройлеров установлено, что суммарная балльная оценка вареного фарша, приготовленного из мяса цыплятбройлеров опытной группы, составила 46,0 баллов, контрольной группы 40,5 баллов, бульона 39,8 и 38,0 баллов соответственно. Введение комплексного кормового концентрата в рацион молодняка курнесушек способствовало получению большего количества яиц (на 17,1) более высокой пищевой ценности по сравнению с аналогичными показателями контрольной группы. Установлено, что в яйцах, полученных от курнесушек опытной группы, содержится жира на 11,52, фосфолипидов в 2,08 раза, витаминов А и Е соответственно в 2,66 и 2,27 раза больше, чем в яйцах от курнесушек контрольной группы. Содержание вкаротина в желтке яиц от курнесушек опытной группы в 4,4 раза выше, чем в желтке яиц от курнесушек контрольной группы. Comparative evaluation of quality and nutritive value of meat of broiler chickens and egg laying hens, obtained from birds of the experimental group in which diet was added for 6 and 4 weeks respectively feed concentrate including biologically active substances and probiotic microflora in the amount of 0,3 by weight of the feed carried out. The group of birds obtained only the basic diet was as a control. It was found that the protein and fat content in the meat of broiler chickens of the experimental group is higher compared to the protein and fat content in the meat of broiler chickens of the control group by 7,02 and 2,44 respectively. The content of phospholipids, vitamins A and E in the meat of broiler chickens of the experimental group respectively in 2,12 2,4 and 2,2 times higher compared to the control group. In the study of culinary properties of meat of broiler chickens found that the total scoring of boiled minced meat prepared from meat of chickensbroilers experimental group amounted to 46,0 points, the control group is 40,5 points, broth 39,8 and 38,0 points respectively. The introduction of a complex feed concentrate in the diet of young laying hens contributes to the production of more eggs (on 17,1) of higher nutritional value compared to the control group. It was found that eggs obtained from laying hens of the experimental group contain fat by 11,52, phospholipids by 2,08 times, vitamins A and E respectively by 2,66 and 2,27 times more than eggs from laying hens of the control group. The content of вcarotene in the yolk of eggs from laying hens of the experimental group is 4,4 times higher than in the yolk of eggs from laying hens of the control group.


Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.


1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).


Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.


Author(s):  
Leonard Reinecke ◽  
Sabine Trepte

Abstract. This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of exposure to a computer game on arousal and subsequent task performance. After inducing a state of low arousal, participants were assigned to experimental or control conditions via self-selection. Members of the experimental group played a computer game for five minutes; subjects in the control group spent the same amount of time awaiting further instructions. Participants who were exposed to the computer game showed significantly higher levels of arousal and performed significantly better on a subsequent cognitive task. The pattern of results was not influenced by the participants' prior experience with the game. The findings indicate that mood-management processes associated with personal media use at the workplace go beyond the alteration of arousal and affect subsequent cognitive performance.


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