Second to fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio and their relationships among a mother and child population in Ghana

Abstract The study aimed to determine the 2D:4D digit ratios and their relationships in a paired mother-and-child population. This was a cross-sectional study from December 2020 to January 2021. Digit ratios were measured by computer-assisted analysis (GIMP). Outcome variables were compared by < mean versus ≥ mean of digit ratios. The study involved 84 mother-and-child pairs (male: 45). The mean ± SD age of mothers was 23.5 ± 3.58 years. The median (IQR) age of female children was 111(51–180) days and males, 74 (44–190) days. The mean ± SD right-hand 2D:4D ratio was 0.94 ± 0.04 for mothers, 0.91 ± 0.04 for female and 0.90 ± 0.04 for male children. The mean ± SD left-hand 2D:4D ratios were 0.93 ± 0.04 for mothers, 0.92 ± 0.04 for female and 0.93 ± 0.05 for male children. Male and female children did not differ in their 2D:4D digit ratios, but males showed leftward bias. Mothers’ right-hand digit ratio correlated with that of daughters’ (r = 0.52, P = 0.001) and sons’ (r = 0.38, P = 0.011). Serum alanine transferase (ALT) levels were positively associated with ≥ mean 2D:4D ratios of the right [aOR: 1.081(1.009–1.159)] and the left-hand [aOR:1.198(1.084–1.325)] of mothers. A mother’s height could be predicted from their 2D:4D ratios. These findings support the heritability of 2D:4D ratios. We, however, recommend further studies.

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The Association Between Occupational Factors, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Military Women in Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-184046/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eunji Kwon ◽

Jeongok Park ◽

Sue Kim ◽

Kyung Hee Lee

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important concept to consider both individuals' ability to manage their daily lives and health status across the lifespan. Despite this variable's importance, there is a lack of clarification on the factors associated with HRQOL, especially for military women. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with HRQOL of military women in the Korea Army.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 196 participants who were currently within their 5-year service period. Differences in HRQOL according to general and occupational factors were analyzed using the independent t-test and analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the HRQOL of women serving as military junior officers.Results: The mean score for the physical component summary (PCS) of HRQOL was 56.0±5.8, and that for the mental component summary (MCS) of HRQOL was 47.2±10.0. For depression, the mean score was 5.4±5.2, whereas 19.4% of the participants scored more than 10 out of 27 points, which means moderate to severe. No variables showed statistically significant relationships with the PCS. However, significant relationships with the MCS were found for rank (β = -3.63, p <. 001), duty time (β = -4.93, p = .029), perceived stress (β = -0.61, p <. 001), and depression (β = -0.90, p <. 001).Conclusions: Although depression levels were not severe, it was a significant factor of HRQOL and thus the need for depression screening and regular depression management in women serving in the ROK Army to improve their HRQOL. Considering these results, nursing officers should conduct frequent testing related to mental health and take steps to manage high-risk groups. This study also contributes to the literature by providing basic data for the establishment of an appropriate health service environment and systematic health management policies.

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Korelasi antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah orang Bugis-Makassar

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v6i2.178 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Susilowati Susilowati ◽

Sulastry Sulastry

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Tooth Width ◽

Soft Tissue Profile ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Malocclusion is very closely related to the disharmony of mesiodistaltooth-width with dental arches. It is important to know the mesiodistaltooth widths before establishing the diagnosis and planning oforthodontic treatment. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment isfacialesthetic, which is supported by a balanced soft tissue profile. The aim ofthis cross sectional study was to investigate the correlation betweenmesiodistal tooth widths with the convexity of soft tissue profile. Theresult of the study can be used as a reference and guidance inestablishing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The numberof sample was 50 (18 males and 32 females), aged 18-27 years old.Criteria for sample selection comprised absence of interproximalcaries/filling, no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergoorthodontic treatment, the presence of teeth from the right first molarthrough the left first molar, both upper and lower, Buginese orMakassarese people, and Class I Angle malocclusion. Tooth sizemeasurements were performed on study models by using slidingcaliper. The photo of each subject was taken cephalometrically. Theangular measurement was performed on cephalogram, using Subtelny'sanalysis. The soft tissue convexity degree was represented by N-SnPog.The data was processed using SPSS program and tested byindependent t-test and correlation. It can be concluded that the meanvalue of mesiodistal width on males was greater that those on females(p<0.05), the mean of facial convexity degree on males (159.05°) wassmaller than those on females (162.77°), which was different significantly (p<0.05), and there was a very weak correlation (r<0.25) oralmost no correlation between mesiodistal tooth-width and the degree ofsoft tissue facial profile, and it was not significant statistically (p>0.05).

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RIGHT ATRIAL STRAIN IN A NORMAL ADULT AFRICAN POPULATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH AGE

10.22541/au.163655378.85648138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mushitu Nyange ◽

Ruchika Meel

Keyword(s):

Normal Values ◽

Black Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

African Population ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

The Mean ◽

Atrial Strain ◽

The Right

Background The right atrial longitudinal strain (RALS) has been shown to be a useful parameter to define right atrial (RA) subclinical dysfunction in several cardiovascular disorders prior to changes in traditional RA two dimensional and volumetric parameters. There is a scarcity of data regarding normal values for RALS in a normal African population. Objectives We sought to establish normal values for RALS and its correlation with age, in a Sub-Saharan black African population. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 normal individuals (recruited as controls for another study) performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (2017-2019). All echocardiographic measurements were done as per standard guidelines. RALS was measured using Philips QLAB 9 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) speckle-tracking software. Results Median age was 37.5 years (IQR 26- 46, 60% females). The mean right atrial volume indexed to body surface area (RAVI) was 19.5 ± 5.7 mL/m and the mean RALS was 32.7 ± 10.5%. There was a trend towards decreasing RALS with age (r=-0.15, P=0.129) with no change in RAVI with age ( P=0.27). Males had a tendency towards higher RAVI and RALS measurements compared to females (20.8 ± 6.3 mL/m and 18.7 ± 5.2 mL/m , P=0.07: 34.6 ± 9.6% and 31.4 ± 10.9 %, P=0.141, respectively) . BMI was an independent predictor of RALS on multivariate analysis ( r= -0.43, P =0.003) Conclusion We have defined the normal reference values for RALS in a black population. RALS tended to decrease with age prior to change in RAVI and can serve as a marker of subclinical RA dysfunction . BMI was an important determinant of RALS.

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Lung weights and undiagnosed lung lesions in medico-legal autopsies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

10.21203/rs.2.10569/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

william mawalla ◽

Henry A. Mwakyoma ◽

Upendo Massamu

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Left Lung ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

The Mean ◽

Histopathological Studies ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Medico-legal or forensic autopsy is a special type of autopsy performed under the orders of a legal authority in circumstances involving unnatural, suspicious or criminal deaths. Gross and histopathological studies of viscera in medico-legal autopsies have been observed to serve as crucial tool in the detection of undiagnosed disease conditions and the resulting findings may closely represent the general population. Methods A prospective cross sectional study was carried out at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) department of pathology, to medico-legal autopsies received at the MNH mortuary. The study included 103 cases in an eight month period. Both lungs were weighed for each case and tissue samples were collected from each lobe, in both lungs. Other gross findings were observed and recorded. Tissue sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated under a microscope. Results Out of 103 cases studied, 88.3% were male with mean age of 35.8 + 16.6 years. In females, the mean age was 31.6 + 10.4 years. The mean weight of lungs was found to be 627.3 + 138.5g and 591.7 + 129.7g for the right and left lung, respectively, in males. In females, the mean weight of lungs was 616.7 + 166.1g and 583.3 + 155.8g for the right and left lung, respectively. More than half (53.4%) of lung samples had some pathological disease, and the leading diagnosis was pulmonary congestion/oedema (22.3%) followed by lobar pneumonia (18.5%). Age was found to relate with the observed histological diagnosis of the lungs. Conclusion Males, especially the youth and adults are the main victims of medico-legal deaths. The study also revealed high prevalence of undiagnosed lung diseases in victims of medico-legal deaths. These findings may reflect heavy burden of lung diseases in the general population.

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Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02172-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lu Huo ◽

Yuanyuan Qi ◽

Shaozhen Zhao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Visual Development ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental History ◽

Vision Disorder ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 583 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from February 2019 to November 2020. Each infant received a complete ophthalmologic examination, and myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. Results A total of 583 eligible infants participated in this study, including 312 (53.5%) boys and 271 (46.5%) girls. There were 164 (28.1%) premature born infants. The mean age was 6.59 ± 4.84 months (range, 1–18 months). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for the right eye was 1.81 D ± 1.56 D, with no difference related to sex (P = 0.104). Refractive state showed an average hyperopia of +2.74 ± 1.74 D at early ages, followed by a trend toward less hyperopia, finally reaching +1.35 ± 1.44 D at the age of 18 months (P ≤0.001). The overall prevalence rates of myopia (MSE ≤ −0.50 D), emmetropia (−0.50 D<MSE<+0.50 D), hyperopia (MSE ≥ +2.00 D), and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) were 5.1%, 10.8%, 42.7%, and 49.9%, respectively. The chi-square tests showed that gender, gestational age ≥37 weeks, winter birth, prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of high myopia were associated with children’s myopia (P = 0.022, P = 0.023, P = 0.038, P = 0.015, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Among Chinese infants in Tianjin, hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors, and the diopter was lower in individuals with higher age. In a small number of infants with myopia, genetic factors and the prenatal environment were associated with the early onset of myopia.

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The Association Between Occupational Factors, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Military Women in Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-184046/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eunji Kwon ◽

Jeongok Park ◽

Sue Kim ◽

Kyung Hee Lee

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important concept to consider both individuals' ability to manage their daily lives and health status across the lifespan. Despite this variable's importance, there is a lack of clarification on the factors associated with HRQOL, especially for military women. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with HRQOL of military women in the Korea Army.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 196 participants who were currently within their 5-year service period. Differences in HRQOL according to general and occupational factors were analyzed using the independent t-test and analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the HRQOL of women serving as military junior officers.Results: The mean score for the physical component summary (PCS) of HRQOL was 56.0±5.8, and that for the mental component summary (MCS) of HRQOL was 47.2±10.0. For depression, the mean score was 5.4±5.2, whereas 19.4% of the participants scored more than 10 out of 27 points, which means moderate to severe. No variables showed statistically significant relationships with the PCS. However, significant relationships with the MCS were found for rank (β = -3.63, p <. 001), duty time (β = -4.93, p = .029), perceived stress (β = -0.61, p <. 001), and depression (β = -0.90, p <. 001).Conclusions: Although depression levels were not severe, it was a significant factor of HRQOL and thus the need for depression screening and regular depression management in women serving in the ROK Army to improve their HRQOL. Considering these results, nursing officers should conduct frequent testing related to mental health and take steps to manage high-risk groups. This study also contributes to the literature by providing basic data for the establishment of an appropriate health service environment and systematic health management policies.

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Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/20587392211059060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 205873922110590

Author(s):

Kürşad Ramazan Zor ◽

Gamze Yıldırım Biçer ◽

Nesrin Tutaş Günaydın ◽

Erkut Küçük ◽

Uğur Yılmaz

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Objectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 ± 7,046 μm ( p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 ± 6,353 μm ( p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 ± 6,324 μm ( p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 ± 1.30 μm ( p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 ± 9,033 μm ( p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 ± 9,457 μm ( p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 ± 9,158 μm ( p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 ± 1,289 μm ( p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.

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Spontaneous ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovarian disease; a cross sectional study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

Mostafa A. Sleem ◽

Ibrahim I. Mohamed ◽

Mahmoud S. Zakherah ◽

Ahmed M. Abbas ◽

Momen A. Kamel

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Study Participants ◽

Health Hospital

Background: Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of approximately 5-10%. This study aims to assess the rate of spontaneous ovulation and pregnancy in patients. The present study was a cross sectional study conducted at Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Methods: The current study was a cross sectional study carried out in Assiut Women's Health Hospital between the 1st October 2016 and 31st July 2017. The patients were selected as infertile patients with PCOD. The patient ages range between 20 and 35 years. The BMI is between 18 and 30 Kg/m2. The main outcome measure was the rate of spontaneous ovulation and spontaneous pregnancy in the 3 cycles.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 26.64±4.59 years and the mean BMI was 24.46±2.62Kg/m2. The sonographic ovarian volume was 12.47±0.69 mm3 for the right ovary and 12.74±0.73 mm3 for the left ovary. No difference in the serum FSH, LH, FSH/LH ratio and prolactin over the 3 consecutive cycles. The rate of spontaneous ovulation in the 3 cycles was 6 women (8.6%) and 2 cases (2.8%) became pregnant spontaneously during the study period. There is no statistical significant difference between ovulating and non-ovulating women according to the BMI and ovarian volume.Conclusions: The present study concluded that the rate of spontaneous ovulation was 8.6% in women with PCOD within 3 cycles with no adverse effects of drugs or surgical interference.

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Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10209

Author(s):

Chau Nguyen ◽

Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso ◽

Duyen Vu ◽

Gergő Szőllősi ◽

Róbert Bata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Status ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Future Studies ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background: the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, is increasing rapidly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the awareness of CMD among a selected population in Vietnam. Method: a cross-sectional random sample of 402 Vietnamese citizens in two districts (Thu Duc and 12th district) in Ho Chi Minh City were interviewed. Data on knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior (KAB) of the two conditions were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Results: the mean ( ± SD) age was 47.75 (± 15.61) years, and around 60.2% were female. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the association of sociodemographic factors, disease status, and awareness of the CMD. Females showed better awareness than males (OR = 3.89 (1.28–11.78)), and those with T2DM and hypertension had a significantly better awareness (OR = 8.33 (2.44–28.37)) than those without CMD. Conclusion: the awareness of CMD in our sample was poor. An extensive effort to increase awareness of CMD prevention is needed. Future studies and interventions can be developed more efficiently by targeting the right population.

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