Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam

Background: the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, is increasing rapidly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the awareness of CMD among a selected population in Vietnam. Method: a cross-sectional random sample of 402 Vietnamese citizens in two districts (Thu Duc and 12th district) in Ho Chi Minh City were interviewed. Data on knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior (KAB) of the two conditions were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Results: the mean ( ± SD) age was 47.75 (± 15.61) years, and around 60.2% were female. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore the association of sociodemographic factors, disease status, and awareness of the CMD. Females showed better awareness than males (OR = 3.89 (1.28–11.78)), and those with T2DM and hypertension had a significantly better awareness (OR = 8.33 (2.44–28.37)) than those without CMD. Conclusion: the awareness of CMD in our sample was poor. An extensive effort to increase awareness of CMD prevention is needed. Future studies and interventions can be developed more efficiently by targeting the right population.

Download Full-text

Self-Reported Treatment Adherence in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan

Esculapio ◽

10.51273/esc20.251645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Rahman ◽

Areej Asif ◽

Mehwish Iftikhar ◽

Amna Rizvi ◽

Azhar Hussain

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Sex Education ◽

Self Care ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suboptimal Adherence ◽

The Mean

Objectives: Suboptimal adherence to therapy due to neglected self-care behavior in chronic diseases is a global crisis. The aim of this research was to gauge the prevalence of adherence and to assess the effect of age, sex, education level and socioeconomic status on adherence to self-care strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Diabetes Management Centre, Services Hospital Lahore. 357 patients were administered a standardized questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire. A cut off value of 7 on a 0-10 scale was labeled as good adherence. The influence of age, sex, education and income on adherence was examined by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the sample was 49.76±12.5 years, 64.52% were female, 37% had no formal education, and 47.39% had monthly household income > Rs. 45000. The prevalence of good adherence as a marker of good selfcare behavior was 42%. The mean Sum Scale scores were 6.63±1.48. Glucose Management subscale showed the highest mean score i.e. 6.65±2.07 while Physical Activity subscale showed mean lowest score i.e. 5.26±2.75. The sociodemographic factors being measured did not influence adherence significantly. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the self-care behaviors of diabetic patients. This research highlights the immediate need to take steps to improve adherence among individuals. The sociodemographic factors were not found to influence adherence to self-care activities significantly in this sample. Further research is required to explore other factors that may increase the risk of suboptimal adherence among diabetics. Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, adherence, factors, Pakistan How to Cite: Rahman S, Asif A, Iftikhar M, Rizvi A, Hussain A. Self-Reported treatment adherence in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2: a cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan. Esculapio.2020;16(04):22-28.

Download Full-text

Sociodemographic factors and health conditions associated with the resilience of people with chronic diseases: a cross sectional study

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.1205.2786 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Julia Estela Willrich Böell ◽

Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da Silva ◽

Kathleen Mary Hegadoren

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the association between resilience and sociodemographic variables and the health of people with chronic kidney disease and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional observational study performed with 603 people with chronic kidney disease and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A tool to collect socio-demographic and health data and the Resilience Scale developed by Connor and Davidson were applied. A descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: the study participants had on average 61 years old (SD= 13.2), with a stable union (52.24%), religion (96.7%), retired (49.09%), with primary education (65%) and income up to three minimum wages. Participants with kidney disease showed less resilience than people with diabetes. Conclusion: the type of chronic illness, disease duration, body mass index and religious beliefs influenced the resilience of the study participants.

Download Full-text

Assessment of quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using World Health Organization quality of life-BREF questionnaire and appraisal of diabetes scale - a cross-sectional study

Italian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.4081/itjm.2021.1444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Supriya Patil ◽

Yamini Patil ◽

Sanjay Kumar Patil

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that disturbs the quality of life (QOL) of patients. Therefore, evaluation of diabetes- related QOL could be a key outcome measure for its management. This study assessed the QOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life (QOL)˗BREF questionnaire and disease-specific appraisal of diabetes scale (ADS). In this cross-sectional study, 520 T2DM patients were included. Patients’ demographic data, clinical information was collected through interviews, and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument and ADS were used for the QOL of patients. Statistical analysis was performed by using R software (Version 3.6.0). The mean ADS scores were lower in controlled diabetic subjects (18.50±3.08) and higher in uncontrolled diabetic subjects (19.29±2.73) (P<0.05). For WHOQOL-BREF, the mean scores for all the domains (overall general health, physical, psychological, social, and environmental) were significantly higher in controlled diabetic subjects (P<0.001). In addition, the age, duration of diabetes, associated comorbidities, treatment, and HbA1c level of patients showed a highly significant correlation with WHOQOL-BREF (P<0.001). Diabetic patients had poor-to-average QOL. Therefore, public health measures and education of diabetic patients are essential to create more awareness for improving the QOL of T2DM.

Download Full-text

Exposure Assessment of Artificial Sweeteners among Type 2 Diabetic, Overweight and Obese Individuals

The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.3.5297 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

A. Bhagyasri ◽

R. Naveen Kumar ◽

N. Balakrishna ◽

V. Sudershan Rao

Keyword(s):

Exposure Assessment ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Overweight Group ◽

The Mean ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

In recent years consumption of artificially sweetened foods and beverages became popular in India, with the regulatory formulations to use them in selected foods; their inclusion especially in sweets, biscuits and beverages has increased. There are many concerns rising regarding their safety and is becoming an area of controversy. So an exposure assessment has been carried out to evaluate intake levels among type II diabetic, overweight and obese individuals. A cross-sectional study design was applied and a food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the information on consumption pattern. Range, standard deviation and mean daily intake levels were calculated and the values were compared with an appropriate Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Results indicated that, the mean daily intake levels of aspartame (0.85±0.75) were found to be high among type 2 diabetic individuals whereas sucralose (0.41±0.41) and acesulfame-k (0.07±0.02) were high among overweight group. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) observed in intake levels among both groups and all the sweeteners were found to be well within the ADI levels.

Download Full-text

Korelasi antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah orang Bugis-Makassar

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v6i2.178 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Susilowati Susilowati ◽

Sulastry Sulastry

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Tooth Width ◽

Soft Tissue Profile ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Malocclusion is very closely related to the disharmony of mesiodistaltooth-width with dental arches. It is important to know the mesiodistaltooth widths before establishing the diagnosis and planning oforthodontic treatment. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment isfacialesthetic, which is supported by a balanced soft tissue profile. The aim ofthis cross sectional study was to investigate the correlation betweenmesiodistal tooth widths with the convexity of soft tissue profile. Theresult of the study can be used as a reference and guidance inestablishing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The numberof sample was 50 (18 males and 32 females), aged 18-27 years old.Criteria for sample selection comprised absence of interproximalcaries/filling, no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergoorthodontic treatment, the presence of teeth from the right first molarthrough the left first molar, both upper and lower, Buginese orMakassarese people, and Class I Angle malocclusion. Tooth sizemeasurements were performed on study models by using slidingcaliper. The photo of each subject was taken cephalometrically. Theangular measurement was performed on cephalogram, using Subtelny'sanalysis. The soft tissue convexity degree was represented by N-SnPog.The data was processed using SPSS program and tested byindependent t-test and correlation. It can be concluded that the meanvalue of mesiodistal width on males was greater that those on females(p<0.05), the mean of facial convexity degree on males (159.05°) wassmaller than those on females (162.77°), which was different significantly (p<0.05), and there was a very weak correlation (r<0.25) oralmost no correlation between mesiodistal tooth-width and the degree ofsoft tissue facial profile, and it was not significant statistically (p>0.05).

Download Full-text

RIGHT ATRIAL STRAIN IN A NORMAL ADULT AFRICAN POPULATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH AGE

10.22541/au.163655378.85648138/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mushitu Nyange ◽

Ruchika Meel

Keyword(s):

Normal Values ◽

Black Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

African Population ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

The Mean ◽

Atrial Strain ◽

The Right

Background The right atrial longitudinal strain (RALS) has been shown to be a useful parameter to define right atrial (RA) subclinical dysfunction in several cardiovascular disorders prior to changes in traditional RA two dimensional and volumetric parameters. There is a scarcity of data regarding normal values for RALS in a normal African population. Objectives We sought to establish normal values for RALS and its correlation with age, in a Sub-Saharan black African population. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 normal individuals (recruited as controls for another study) performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (2017-2019). All echocardiographic measurements were done as per standard guidelines. RALS was measured using Philips QLAB 9 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) speckle-tracking software. Results Median age was 37.5 years (IQR 26- 46, 60% females). The mean right atrial volume indexed to body surface area (RAVI) was 19.5 ± 5.7 mL/m and the mean RALS was 32.7 ± 10.5%. There was a trend towards decreasing RALS with age (r=-0.15, P=0.129) with no change in RAVI with age ( P=0.27). Males had a tendency towards higher RAVI and RALS measurements compared to females (20.8 ± 6.3 mL/m and 18.7 ± 5.2 mL/m , P=0.07: 34.6 ± 9.6% and 31.4 ± 10.9 %, P=0.141, respectively) . BMI was an independent predictor of RALS on multivariate analysis ( r= -0.43, P =0.003) Conclusion We have defined the normal reference values for RALS in a black population. RALS tended to decrease with age prior to change in RAVI and can serve as a marker of subclinical RA dysfunction . BMI was an important determinant of RALS.

Download Full-text

Lung weights and undiagnosed lung lesions in medico-legal autopsies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

10.21203/rs.2.10569/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

william mawalla ◽

Henry A. Mwakyoma ◽

Upendo Massamu

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Left Lung ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

The Mean ◽

Histopathological Studies ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Medico-legal or forensic autopsy is a special type of autopsy performed under the orders of a legal authority in circumstances involving unnatural, suspicious or criminal deaths. Gross and histopathological studies of viscera in medico-legal autopsies have been observed to serve as crucial tool in the detection of undiagnosed disease conditions and the resulting findings may closely represent the general population. Methods A prospective cross sectional study was carried out at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) department of pathology, to medico-legal autopsies received at the MNH mortuary. The study included 103 cases in an eight month period. Both lungs were weighed for each case and tissue samples were collected from each lobe, in both lungs. Other gross findings were observed and recorded. Tissue sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated under a microscope. Results Out of 103 cases studied, 88.3% were male with mean age of 35.8 + 16.6 years. In females, the mean age was 31.6 + 10.4 years. The mean weight of lungs was found to be 627.3 + 138.5g and 591.7 + 129.7g for the right and left lung, respectively, in males. In females, the mean weight of lungs was 616.7 + 166.1g and 583.3 + 155.8g for the right and left lung, respectively. More than half (53.4%) of lung samples had some pathological disease, and the leading diagnosis was pulmonary congestion/oedema (22.3%) followed by lobar pneumonia (18.5%). Age was found to relate with the observed histological diagnosis of the lungs. Conclusion Males, especially the youth and adults are the main victims of medico-legal deaths. The study also revealed high prevalence of undiagnosed lung diseases in victims of medico-legal deaths. These findings may reflect heavy burden of lung diseases in the general population.

Download Full-text

Glucometers for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are they helpful?

International Journal of Medical Students ◽

10.5195/ijms.2021.786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 140-144

Author(s):

Andrew Thomas ◽

Mohan T. Shenoy ◽

K.T. Shenoy ◽

Nirmal George

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Mean ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin Level

Background: The effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is debated in the literature. We aimed at elucidating the association and patterns of complications between SMBG use and plasma glucose values. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 303 participants from outpatient departments with T2DM for over 12 months. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical variables including: anthropometry, SMBG use, disease duration, treatment modality, complications, plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin level (%). Results: The mean duration of T2DM was 93±76 months. Participants were grouped into SMBG users (n=115, 38%) and non-SMBG users (n=188, 62%). The mean fasting plasma glucose levels of SMBG and non-SMBG users were 140.7±42.7 (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 132.72;148.67) mg/dl and 145.4±50 (95%CI: 138.12;152.67) mg/dl (p=0.03), respectively. The mean post-prandial plasma glucose levels of the SMBG and non-SMBG groups were 202±63.42 (95%CI: 190.23;213.76) mg/dl and 209±84.54 (95%CI: 196.56;221.43) mg/dl (p=0.002), respectively. The mean difference in HbA1c among the groups were 8.14±1.69% (95%CI: 7.59;8.68) and 8.15±1.98% (95%CI: 7.27;9.02) (p=0.4), respectively. Hypoglycemia (n=50, 43.5%) was the most common complication. The prevalence of neuropathy (n=5, 4.3%, p=0.036) and cardiovascular disease (n=21, 18.3%, p=0.042) were significantly higher in the SMBG group. Conclusion: Although plasma glucose values were significantly lower in the SMBG group, its clinical significance remains questionable. Furthermore, many participants in both the groups had shortfalls in awareness, monitoring, and glycemic control. SMBG use needs to be evaluated in a cohort of patients with T2DM with adequate health awareness.

Download Full-text

Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-02172-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lu Huo ◽

Yuanyuan Qi ◽

Shaozhen Zhao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Visual Development ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental History ◽

Vision Disorder ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 583 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from February 2019 to November 2020. Each infant received a complete ophthalmologic examination, and myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. Results A total of 583 eligible infants participated in this study, including 312 (53.5%) boys and 271 (46.5%) girls. There were 164 (28.1%) premature born infants. The mean age was 6.59 ± 4.84 months (range, 1–18 months). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for the right eye was 1.81 D ± 1.56 D, with no difference related to sex (P = 0.104). Refractive state showed an average hyperopia of +2.74 ± 1.74 D at early ages, followed by a trend toward less hyperopia, finally reaching +1.35 ± 1.44 D at the age of 18 months (P ≤0.001). The overall prevalence rates of myopia (MSE ≤ −0.50 D), emmetropia (−0.50 D<MSE<+0.50 D), hyperopia (MSE ≥ +2.00 D), and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) were 5.1%, 10.8%, 42.7%, and 49.9%, respectively. The chi-square tests showed that gender, gestational age ≥37 weeks, winter birth, prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of high myopia were associated with children’s myopia (P = 0.022, P = 0.023, P = 0.038, P = 0.015, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Among Chinese infants in Tianjin, hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors, and the diopter was lower in individuals with higher age. In a small number of infants with myopia, genetic factors and the prenatal environment were associated with the early onset of myopia.

Download Full-text

Attitude and Practice Towards Aflatoxin Contamination in Food and Sociodemographic Factors Contributed Toward Urinary AFM1 Occurrence Among Residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21572/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Siti Husna Sulaiman ◽

Wei Lin Chang ◽

Rosita Jamaluddin ◽

Mohd Redzwan Sabran

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Monthly Household Income ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: Aflatoxin occurrence could be affected by several factors. This study aimed to assess the association between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards aflatoxin and sociodemographic factors with urinary AFM1 occurrence among residents in Hulu Langat, Selangor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy Malaysian adults aged 18 to 60 years in six subdistricts of Hulu Langat, Selangor. Sociodemographic factors and KAP towards aflatoxin were assessed via questionnaires while morning urine sample was collected for AFM 1 analysis. Of 444 respondents, the urinary AFM 1 level was detected in 199 samples (detection rate = 44.8 %). From 37 positive samples with AFM 1 level above the detection limit of 0.64 ng/ml, the mean value was 1.23 ± 0.91 ng/ml with a range of 0.65 – 5.34 ng/ml (median = 0.89 ng/ml). The variables were examined based on the occurrence of urinary AFM 1 biomarker. Results: Findings showed that there were significant differences in urinary AFM1 occurrence across ethnicity ( p <0.01), age group ( p <0.05), monthly household income ( p <0.01), as well as attitude ( p <0.01) and practice ( p <0.05) towards aflatoxin contamination in food. Binomial logistic regression confirmed that ethnicity and monthly household income were the factors contributing to urinary aflatoxin occurrence ( p <0.01). Chinese were 3.20 times more likely to have aflatoxin exposure than the non-Chinese. Detected urinary AFM 1 was more common among household with income more than RM 1500 monthly. Conclusion: The results provided an insight to explain the variation in aflatoxin occurrence among the population. Trial registration: Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM), project number: FPSK (EXP16) P047

Download Full-text