scholarly journals Associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and cardiometabolic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Simonsson ◽  
Walter Osika ◽  
Robin Carhart-Harris ◽  
Peter S. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to investigate the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and cardiometabolic diseases. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), the present study examined the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and two types of cardiometabolic disease: heart disease and diabetes. Respondents who reported having tried a classic psychedelic at least once in their lifetime had lower odds of heart disease in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.77 (0.65–0.92), p = .006) and lower odds of diabetes in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.88 (0.78–0.99), p = .036). Classic psychedelic use might be beneficial for cardiometabolic health, but more research is needed to investigate potential causal pathways of classic psychedelics on cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Association Between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use and Hypertension in the Past Year

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510-1516
Author(s):  
Otto Simonsson ◽  
Peter S. Hendricks ◽  
Robin Carhart-Harris ◽  
Hannes Kettner ◽  
Walter Osika
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), weighted to be representative of the US adult population, the present study investigated the association between lifetime classic psychedelic use and hypertension in the past year among adults in the United States. The results showed that respondents who reported having used a classic psychedelic at least once in their lifetime had significantly lower odds of hypertension in the past year after adjusting for several potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86 [0.81–0.91]; P <0.0001). Notably, when analyzing the associations between hypertension in the past year and lifetime use of the main classes of classic psychedelics, namely tryptamines (N,N-dimethyltryptamine, ayahuasca, and psilocybin), lysergic acid diethylamide (a lysergamide), and phenethylamines (mescaline, peyote, and San Pedro), only the association with lifetime tryptamine use was significant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.80 [0.73–0.89]; P =0.0001). Though these associations are novel, rigorous randomized controlled trials are warranted to investigate potential causal pathways of classic psychedelics on blood pressure.

scholarly journals Interdental Cleaning and Oral Health Status in an Adult Cohort, 2015 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156
Author(s):  
B.W. Chaffee ◽  
D. Persai ◽  
M.V. Vora
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lower Odds

Interdental cleaning is routinely recommended, despite limited evidence supporting efficacy to prevent advanced oral disease endpoints, such as caries and periodontal disease. We aimed to examine associations between interdental cleaning and oral health in a large, generalizable prospective cohort of adults in the United States. Data were drawn from wave 3 (2015 to 2016, n = 26,086 included in analysis) and wave 4 (2016 to 2018, n = 22,585) of the adult component (age ≥18 y) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Survey-weighted multivariable regression models estimated the associations between wave 3 weekly interdental cleaning frequency and 6 measures of self-reported oral health—overall rating, tooth extractions, gum bleeding, loose teeth, bone loss around teeth, and gum disease—cross-sectionally and prospectively, with adjustment for established periodontal disease risk factors. As compared with no interdental cleaning, interdental cleaning ≥7 times/wk was prospectively associated with greater odds of excellent self-rated oral health (adjusted odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.62), lower odds of bleeding gums (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.70), but not statistically significantly lower odds of other oral health conditions in the following 12 mo. Older age, lower socioeconomic status, diabetes, and cigarette smoking were consistently associated with worse oral health across all outcome measures. Findings were largely robust to alternative model and variable specifications. Interdental cleaning is associated with better perceived oral health and less self-reported gingivitis. Prevention of more advanced disease states was not demonstrated. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the self-reported nature of the measures and relatively short follow-up period.

scholarly journals Urban green space, tree canopy and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases: a multilevel longitudinal study of 46 786 Australians

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 926-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Astell-Burt ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Abstract Background Cross-sectional studies suggest that more green space may lower the odds of prevalent diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in cities. We assess if these results are replicable for tree canopy exposure and then extend the study longitudinally to examine incident cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods The study was set in the Australian cities of Sydney, Wollongong and Newcastle. Total green space and tree canopy as percentages of landcover within 1.6 km (1 mile) from home were linked to a residentially stable sample of 46 786 participants in the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study (baseline 2006–09; follow-up 2012–15). Separate multilevel models were used to investigate whether the odds of prevalent and incident doctor-diagnosed diabetes, hypertension and CVD were associated with total green space and tree canopy provision, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, employment and couple status. Results Lower odds of prevalent diabetes were observed with 1% increases in total green space [odds ratio (OR) 0.993, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.988 to 0.998] and tree canopy (0.984, 0.978 to 0.989). Lower odds of prevalent CVD were found with a 1% increase in tree canopy only (0.996, 0.993 to 0.999). Lower odds of incident diabetes (0.988, 0.981 to 0.994), hypertension (0.993, 0.989 to 0.997) and CVD (0.993, 0.988 to 0.998) were associated with a 1% increase in tree canopy, but not total green space. At ≥30% compared with 0–9% tree canopy, there were lower odds of incident diabetes (0.687, 0.547 to 0.855), hypertension (0.828, 0.719 to 0.952) and CVD (0.782, 0.652 to 0.935). However, ≥30% compared with 0–4% total green space was associated with lower odds of prevalent diabetes only (0.695, 0.512 to 0.962). Conclusions Restoring local tree canopy in neighbourhoods may help to prevent the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and markers of physical health

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Simonsson ◽  
James D Sexton ◽  
Peter S Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mental Health Effects ◽  
Heart Condition

Background: In recent years, there has been significant research on the mental health effects of classic psychedelic use, but there is very little evidence on how classic psychedelics might influence physical health. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and markers of physical health. Methods: Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2018) with 171,766 (unweighted) adults aged 18 or above in the United States, the current study examined the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and three markers of physical health (self-reported overall health, body mass index, and heart condition and/or cancer in the past 12 months) while controlling for a range of covariates. Results: Respondents who reported having tried a classic psychedelic at least once in their lifetime had significantly higher odds of greater self-reported overall health and significantly lower odds of being overweight or obese versus having a normal weight. The association between lifetime classic psychedelic use and having a heart condition and/or cancer in the past 12 months approached conventional levels of significance, with lower odds of having a heart condition and/or cancer in the past 12 months for respondents who had tried a classic psychedelic at least once. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that classic psychedelics may be beneficial to physical health. Future research should investigate the causal effects of classic psychedelics on physical health and evaluate possible mechanisms.

scholarly journals Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of past or future sick leave

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Dillner ◽  
K. Miriam Elfström ◽  
Jonas Blomqvist ◽  
Carina Eklund ◽  
Camilla Lagheden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Viral Antibodies ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe extent that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may protect against future virus-associated disease is unknown. We invited all employees (n = 15,300) at work at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden to participate in a study examining SARS-Cov-2 antibodies in relation to registered sick leave. For consenting 12,928 healthy hospital employees antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 could be determined and compared to participant sick leave records. Subjects with viral serum antibodies were not at excess risk for future sick leave (adjusted odds ratio (OR) controlling for age and sex: 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.85 (0.43–1.68)]. By contrast, subjects with antibodies had an excess risk for sick leave in the weeks prior to testing [adjusted OR in multivariate analysis: 3.34 (2.98–3.74)]. Thus, presence of viral antibodies marks past disease and protection against excess risk of future disease. Knowledge of whether exposed subjects have had disease in the past or are at risk for future disease is essential for planning of control measures.Trial registration: First registered on 02/06/20, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04411576.

scholarly journals The International Diet-Health Index: a novel tool to evaluate diet quality for cardiometabolic health across countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e002120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifan Wang ◽  
William A Masters ◽  
Yan Bai ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
Elena N Naumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases

IntroductionDiet is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic disease; however, interpretable measures capturing impacts of overall diet on health that can be easily used by policymakers at the global/national levels are not readily available.MethodsWe developed the International Diet-Health Index (IDHI) to measure health impacts of dietary intake across 186 countries in 2010, using age-specific and sex-specific data on country-level dietary intake, effects of dietary factors on cardiometabolic diseases and country-specific cardiometabolic disease profiles. The index encompasses the impact of 11 foods/nutrients on 12 cardiometabolic diseases, the mediation of health effects of specific dietary intakes through blood pressure and body mass index and background disease prevalence in each country–age–sex group. We decomposed the index into IDHIbeneficial for risk-reducing factors, and IDHIadverse for risk-increasing factors. The flexible functional form of the IDHI allows inclusion of additional risk factors and diseases as data become available.ResultsBy sex, women experienced smaller detrimental cardiometabolic effects of diet than men: (females IDHIadverse range: −0.480 (5th percentile, 95th percentile: −0.932, –0.300) to −0.314 (−0.543, –0.213); males IDHIadverse range: (−0.617 (−1.054, –0.384) to −0.346 (−0.624, –0.222)). By age, middle-aged adults had highest IDHIbeneficial (females: 0.392 (0.235, 0.763); males: 0.415 (0.243, 0.949)) and younger adults had most extreme IDHIadverse (females: −0.480 (−0.932, –0.300); males: −0.617 (−1.054, –0.384)). Regionally, Central Latin America had the lowest IDHIoverall (−0.466 (−0.892, –0.159)), while Southeast Asia had the highest IDHIoverall (0.272 (−0.224, 0.903)). IDHIoverall was highest in low-income countries and lowest in upper middle-income countries (−0.039 (−0.317, 0.227) and −0.146 (−0.605, 0.303), respectively). Among 186 countries, Honduras had lowest IDHIoverall (−0.721 (−0.916, –0.207)), while Malaysia had highest IDHIoverall (0.904 (0.435, 1.190)).ConclusionIDHI encompasses dietary intakes, health effects and country disease profiles into a single index, allowing policymakers a useful means of assessing/comparing health impacts of diet quality between populations.

scholarly journals Postpartum Period Is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Silvis ◽  
Erik Lindgren ◽  
Sini Hiltunen ◽  
Sharon Devasagayam ◽  
Luuk J. Scheres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
History Of Cancer

Background and Purpose— Pregnancy and the postpartum period are generally considered to be risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), but no controlled studies have quantified the risk. Methods— Case-control study using data of consecutive adult patients with CVT from 5 academic hospitals and controls from the Dutch MEGA study (Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis). Men, women over the age of 50, women using oral contraceptives or with a recent abortion or miscarriage were excluded. We adjusted for age and history of cancer, and stratified for pregnancy versus postpartum, and 0 to 6 versus 7 to 12 weeks postpartum. Results— In total 163/813 cases and 1230/6296 controls were included. Cases were younger (median 38 versus 41 years) and more often had a history of cancer (14% versus 4%) than controls. In total 41/163 (25%) cases and 82/1230 (7%) controls were pregnant or postpartum (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.4–6.0). The association was fully attributable to an increased risk of CVT during the postpartum period (adjusted odds ratio, 10.6; 95% CI, 5.6–20.0). We found no association between pregnancy and CVT (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.6–2.3). The risk was highest during the first 6 weeks postpartum (adjusted odds ratio, 18.7; 95% CI, 8.3–41.9). Conclusions— Women who have recently delivered are at increased risk of developing CVT, while there does not seem to be an increased risk of CVT during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Association of Allergic Diseases and Related Conditions with Dietary Fiber Intake in Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Hoyoung Lee ◽  
Kijeong Lee ◽  
Serhim Son ◽  
Young-Chan Kim ◽  
Ji Won Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Using Data

An association between fiber intake and allergic diseases in children has been reported; however, many studies have not been conducted to assess this association in adults. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary fiber intake and allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis) among 10,479 adults using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). As dietary fiber intake increased, the prevalence of asthma (Q4 adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.656; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.91, p for trend < 0.0001) and atopic dermatitis (Q3 crude OR: 0.746; 95% CI: 0.57–0.98; Q4 adjusted OR: 0.712; 95% CI: 0.50–1.01, p for trend < 0.0001) decreased. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (Q2 adjusted OR: 0.840; 95% CI: 0.70–1.00, p for trend < 0.0001) tended to decrease, especially in males. Subgroup analysis revealed that fiber intake reduced allergic rhinitis symptoms, including watery rhinorrhea (Q3 adjusted OR: 0.734; 95% CI: 0.55–0.97; Q4 adjusted OR: 0.722; 95% CI: 0.54–0.97) and dog allergen sensitization (Q3 adjusted OR: 0.319; 95% CI: 0.13–0.82; Q4 adjusted OR: 0.338; 95% CI: 0.13–0.86), exclusively in males. Thus, dietary fiber intake influences allergic diseases in adults, especially males.

scholarly journals Factors associated with HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Western Kenya: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Shangani ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Ann Mwangi ◽  
Heleen Vermandere ◽  
Ethan Mereish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

HIV diagnosis is an important step in the HIV cascade of prevention and treatment. However, men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries have limited access to HIV care services. We examined factors associated with prior HIV testing among men who have sex with men in western Kenya. We recruited 95 men who have sex with men aged 18 years and older, and who reported at least one sexual contact with a man in the past 6 months; however, this analysis is restricted to 89 participants who completed questions on HIV testing. Logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with HIV testing in the past one year. Results indicate that 23 (26%) had not been tested in the past 12 months. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that condomless anal sex (odds ratio = 3.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–9.17) and comfort with healthcare providers (odds ratio = 1.15, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.26) were associated with higher odds of HIV testing in the past 12 months. Experiencing social stigma was associated with lower odds of HIV testing in the last 12 months (odds ratio = 0.91, 95% confidence interval = 0.84–0.94). In multivariable models, social stigma remained significantly associated with lower odds of HIV testing in the last 12 months odds ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.82–0.99) after inclusion of sexual risk and individual level variables. Development of men who have sex with men–sensitive HIV-testing services, addressing stigma, and training healthcare workers to provide culturally sensitive services may assist in effectively engaging men who have sex with men in the HIV treatment cascade.

Characterizing Employees’ Preferences for Incentives for Healthy Behaviors: Examples to Improve Interest in Wellness Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-889
Author(s):  
Kristi Rahrig Jenkins ◽  
Nour Fakhoury ◽  
Caroline R. Richardson ◽  
Michelle Segar ◽  
Erin Krupka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Managing Stress

Background. Many employers now incentivize employees to engage in wellness programs, yet few studies have examined differences in preferences for incentivizing participation in healthy behaviors and wellness programs. Method. We surveyed 2,436 employees of a large university about their preferences for incentivizing participation in different types of healthy behaviors and then used multivariable logistic regression to estimate associations between employees’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and their preferences for incentives for engaging in healthy behaviors. Results. Compared with nonunion members, union members had higher odds of wanting an incentive for eating healthily (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.60, 95% [CI; 1.21, 2.12]), managing weight (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI [1.14, 2.06]), avoiding drinking too much alcohol (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.11, 1.78]), quitting tobacco (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.06, 1.77]), managing stress (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.08, 1.75]), and managing back pain (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.28, 2.10]). Compared with staff, faculty employees reported higher odds for wanting an incentive for reducing alcohol intake (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.00, 1.78]) and quitting tobacco (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.04, 1.96]). Women had lower odds than men (AOR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.64, 0.99]) of wanting an incentive for managing back pain. Conclusions. Preferences for incentives to engage in different types of healthy behaviors differed by employees’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Organizations may consider using survey data on employee preferences for incentives to more effectively engage higher risk populations in wellness programs.

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