scholarly journals Structural characterization and magnetic response of poly(p-xylylene)–MnSb and MnSb films deposited at cryogenic temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Oveshnikov ◽  
S. A. Zav’yalov ◽  
I. N. Trunkin ◽  
D. R. Streltsov ◽  
N. K. Chumakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Polymer Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Correlation ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies

AbstractIn this study, we employed several experimental techniques to investigate structure and magnetic properties of poly(p-xylylene)–MnSb composites synthesized by low-temperature vapor deposition polymerization technique and MnSb films deposited at various temperatures. The presence of MnSb nanocrystallites in the studied films was verified by the results of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies. The obtained data revealed the formation of Sb-rich sublayer with well-oriented Sb grains near the susbtrate, which seems to act as a buffer for the consequent poly(p-xylylene)–MnSb or MnSb layer growth. Increasing the polymer content results in qualitative change of surface morphology of studied films. At high polymer content the hybrid nanocomposite with MnSb nanoparticles embedded into poly(p-xylylene) matrix is formed. All investigated samples demonstrated detectable ferromagnetic response at room temperature, while the parameters of this response revealed a complex correlation with nominal composition, presented crystal phases and surface morphology of studied films. Estimated values of the Curie temperature of the samples are close to that of bulk MnSb.

Phase Evolutions in the Metallic Precursors of the Ternary Copper-Indium-Gallium System

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 974-980
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Indium ◽  
Rich Condition ◽  
Indium Gallium ◽  
Copper Indium Gallium

Two types of metallic precursors used for the growth of Cu (In,Ga)Se2were deposited from a single CuInGa ternary target and binary alloy CuGa and CuIn targets, respectively. Phase evolutions in the precursors of the ternary copper-indium-gallium system were investigated over the temperature range from room temperature to 500°C. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize evolution of phases and surface morphology in the precursor layers. With annealing temperatures increased, phase evolutions of Cu9Ga4, Cu11In9, Cu16In9and CuIn were observed. Surface morphology of the two types of precursors changed significantly, which could support the phase evolutions in the ternary Cu-In-Ga system for reactive annealing processes. The existence of the final Cu11In9phase, which is the most favorable intermetallic phase for the formation of CuInSe2and Cu (In,Ga)Se2thin films, may be transformed by a speculated peritectoid reaction of In and Cu16In9to Cu11In9under In-rich condition.

Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Powder Form of Sn1-xCrxO2 (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) Solid Solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Xu ◽  
Mitsuru Izumi ◽  
Osami Yanagisawa ◽  
Tetsuya Ida
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interstitial Position ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Structural And Magnetic Properties

AbstractStructural and magnetic properties were investigated in the mixed powders of Sn1-xCrxO2 (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) in nominal composition. The lattice parameter observed in (110) x-ray diffraction indicates two step changes with increasing Cr content. The occupation of Cr ion at the interstitial position leads to elongation of the lattice parameter for x = 0.01 to x =0.03. Then, the Cr3+ ions are remarkably substituted into the Sn4+ ion site for x = 0.04 to x = 0.05, which results in shortening of the lattice. The lattice parameters for x = 0.01 and 0.02 are larger than x = 0.03 to 0.05. The room temperature ferromagnetism appeared in the sample with x = 0.01 and reaches maximum at the doping rate of x = 0.02; while the magnetization decreases for x > 0.02 was observed. Present study clearly shows the existence of correlation between appearance of ferromagnetism and the structural change.

Synthesis and structure stability of Ba2CuO3+δ under high pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (25n26) ◽  
pp. 1542024 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Li ◽  
Q. Q. Liu ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
S. M. Feng ◽  
X. C. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The [Formula: see text] sample with the nominal composition was synthesized. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments confirm that it crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure with space group Immm. The synchrotron powder XRD results suggest that the crystal structure of [Formula: see text] keeps stable under pressure up to 34 GPa at room temperature with nearly isotropic compressibility. The equation of state for [Formula: see text] was obtained. The results offer opportunities to further synthesize and research [Formula: see text] superconductor with tetragonal [Formula: see text] structure.

Magnetic and Microstructural Aspects of the Bulk Metallic Glassy Materials Nd60Fe30Al10

2001 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Dan ◽  
N. X. Phuc ◽  
V. H. Ky ◽  
N. M. Hong ◽  
N. Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cast Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glassy Materials ◽  
Ferromagnetic Bulk

ABSTRACTThe ferromagnetic bulk metallic glass (BMG) Nd60Fe30Al10system exhibits extremely large coercivities at low temperature and moderate coercivities near room temperature. The magnetic hardness, as best evidenced by the onset of magnetic irreversibility, was studied in bulk suction-cast and melt-spun alloys with the nominal composition Nd60Fe30Al10. Systematic x-ray diffraction studies of the degree of crystallinity performed as a function of position within the bulk suction-cast samples is found to correlate with the variation in the room-temperature magnetic hysteresis character. X-ray diffraction data clearly shows the presence of both crystallites and amorphous material on the samples' outmost surfaces; the amorphous phase content increases with distance into the cast sample. These results underscore the importance of solidification conditions and attendant nanophase selection, on the resultant magnetic properties of this class of alloys.

Photoluminescence and Structure of Chemically Etched Si

1991 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shih ◽  
K. H. Jung ◽  
T. Y. Hsieh ◽  
J. Sarathy ◽  
C. Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Porous Si ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate for the first time that chemical etching of Si in HF-HNO3-based solution without applying bias can produce a room temperature photoluminescent porous Si layer. Scanning electron microscope studies reveal a surface morphology similar to that of the conventionally anodized porous Si. The formation mechanism of the chemically etched (CE) film can be explained by a local anodization concept. X-ray diffraction studies on the luminescent CE porous Si show a broad amorphous peak.

Preparation and Characterization of Sr, Ba Filled Type-I Ge Clathrate Single Crystals

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 896-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Feng Cai ◽  
L.C. Zhang ◽  
Q. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Good Agreement

Sr or Ba filled type-I Ge clathrate single crystals were prepared using high pure elemental Ga, Ge, and Sr or Ba as the starting materials, and Ga as a flux. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to characterize the crystals, respectively. The results show that large and well-crystallized single crystals can be prepared under optimum synthesis condition. The composition of the crystals is in good agreement with the nominal composition (M8Ga16Ge30, M=Sr, Ba). Raman spectra of the single crystals were studied at room temperature and several of the Raman active vibrational modes in the crystals have been identified.

scholarly journals Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy studies and magnetic properties of the new compound Tl2HAsO4.Te(OH)6

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1399-1412
Author(s):  
I. Bechibani ◽  
H. Litaiem ◽  
S. Garcia Granda ◽  
M. Dammak ◽  
L. Ktari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Triclinic System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies

The Tl2HAsO4.Te(OH)6 (TlAsTe) compound crystallizes in the triclinic system P1 with unit cell parameters: a= 7.100(10) Å, b= 7.281(13) Å, c= 8.383(11) Å, α= 76.91(1)°, β= 87.16(1)°, γ= 66.96(2)°, Z= 2 and V= 388.19(1) Å3. This new structure can be described as a lamellar one with the atomic arrangement being built by planes of Te(OH)6 octahedra alterning with planes of arsenate tetrahedra. Raman and infrared spectra recorded at room temperature confirm the presence of As  and Te  groups and characterize the hydrogen bonds present in the crystal lattice. Differential scanning calorimerty shows the presence of three-phase transitions at 396 K, 408 K and 430 K present in the title compound. Typical thermal analyses, such as differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry show that the decomposition of this material starts at about T= 445 K. Magnetization curve of Tl2HAsO4·Te(OH)6 substance have revealed a diamagnetic response overall temperature range studied.

The existence of Ni3MSb phases in ternary nickel-M-antimony systems (where “M” represents aluminum, gallium, or indium)

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2660-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-H. Jan ◽  
Y.A. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ternary Compounds ◽  
Constituent Binary

Phases of the nominal composition Ni3MSb (where “M” represents aluminum, gallium, or indium) were found to occur in their respective ternary systems. They were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and were found to exhibit the B81.5′ crystal structure, similar to that of Ni3GaAs. These phases were shown by differential thermal analysis (DTA) to be stable between room temperature and their melting points, which were determined to be >1150 °C, 1066 °C, and 1091 °C for Ni3AlSb, Ni3GaSb, and Ni3InSb, respectively. An analysis of their respective constituent binary systems suggested that these phases were not true ternary compounds, but rather represented specific compositions of extensive solid solutions of constituent binary phases. Speculations were made as to the solution behavior of these phases. The Ni3MSb phases were predicted to form initially in nickel/MSb diffusion couples, in an analogy to what is observed in nickel/GaAs diffusion couples.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Electron Microscope study of commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in BaZnGeO4

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
Makoto Kikuchi ◽  
Tooru Atake ◽  
Akihiro Hamano ◽  
Yasutoshi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Modulation Wave Vector

BaZnGeO4 undergoes many phase transitions from I to V phase. The highest temperature phase I has a BaAl2O4 type structure with a hexagonal lattice. Recent X-ray diffraction study showed that the incommensurate (IC) lattice modulation appears along the c axis in the III and IV phases with a period of about 4c, and a commensurate (C) phase with a modulated period of 4c exists between the III and IV phases in the narrow temperature region (—58°C to —47°C on cooling), called the III' phase. The modulations in the IC phases are considered displacive type, but the detailed structures have not been studied. It is also not clear whether the modulation changes into periodic arrays of discommensurations (DC’s) near the III-III' and IV-V phase transition temperature as found in the ferroelectric materials such as Rb2ZnCl4.At room temperature (III phase) satellite reflections were seen around the fundamental reflections in a diffraction pattern (Fig.1) and they aligned along a certain direction deviated from the c* direction, which indicates that the modulation wave vector q tilts from the c* axis. The tilt angle is about 2 degree at room temperature and depends on temperature.

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