Epidemiology of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in cats in Poland

AbstractStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a well-known coagulase-positive staphylococcus that is mainly associated with the asymptomatic colonization of the skin of pets and mucous membranes. Little is still known about the occurrence of S. pseudintermedius in cats. The current study aimed to characterize the isolates of S. pseudintermedius from sick and healthy cats. This was achieved by examining their antibiotic resistance properties, biofilm formation, and genotype differences. Six hundred and seventy-six cats were swabbed (595 healthy and 81 sick cats). Thirty-five distinct S. pseudintermedius isolates from 27 cats were isolated. The prevalence of S. pseudintermedius in healthy and sick cats was 2.49% and 7.61%, respectively. In comparison, MRSP (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) prevalence was 0.12% and 2.98%, respectively. Cats were more frequently colonized with S. pseudintermedius when kept with dogs, regardless of their health condition, with this result being statistically significant. Multidrug resistance was detected in 50%, and 38.46% of S. pseudintermedius isolates from healthy and sick cats, respectively. In contrast, genetic multidrug resistance was detected in 59% and 46.15% cases, respectively. Seven from eight isolated MRSPs were multidrug-resistant. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) assigned isolates to 19 types, of which 16 types submitted for the first time to the PubMLST database. The most frequently detected STs (sequence types) were 551 and 71. ST71 and ST551 were mainly isolated from cats with clinical signs of infection. All were MRSPs, regardless of cats’ health. These isolates were characterized with the most frequent antibiotic resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic level.

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Association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from diarrhetic animals in northeast China

10.21203/rs.2.16502/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yadong Sun ◽

Shanshan Wen ◽

Lili Zhao ◽

Qiqi Xia ◽

Yue Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Northeast China ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Virulence Gene Expression ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

High Level

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in P. mirabilis isolates collected from diarrhetic animals (n = 176) in northeast China between September 2014 and October 2016. Results Approximately 92.05% of the isolates were biofilm producers, whereas 7.95% of the isolates were non-producers. The prevalence of virulence genes in biofilm producers was significantly higher than that in non-producers. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the expression of ureC , zapA , rsmA , hmpA , mrpA , atfA , and pmfA ( P < 0.05). Drug susceptibility tests revealed that approximately 76.7% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Biofilm production was significantly associated with resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and cephalothin ( P < 0.05). Although the pathogenicity of the biofilm producers was stronger than that of the non-producers, the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates was not significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in mice ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that a high level of multidrug resistance in diarrhetic animals infected with P. mirabilis in northeast China.The results of this study indicated that the positive rates of the genes expressed by biofilm-producing P. mirabilis isolates were significantly higher than those expressed by non-producing isolates.

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Relationship between type III secretion toxins, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity ◽

10.15789/2220-7619-rbt-1761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1075-1082

Author(s):

S. Derakhshan ◽

A. Rezaee ◽

Sh. Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Type Iii Secretion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

P Value ◽

Type Iii ◽

Disk Diffusion Assay

Background and aim. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a notorious pathogen due to its multidrug resistance and life threatening infections. We investigated the relationship between type III secretion toxins, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance among clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods. A total of 70 genetically distinct clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion assay. Biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter plate method and presence of four exo genes (exoS, exoU, exoT and exoY) was investigated by PCR. A p-value < 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results. The most effective antibiotics were Meropenem and Piperacillin. Multidrug resistance was more prevalent in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates than in the susceptible isolates. The most frequently identified exo was exoS (37.1%). Genotype exoS/exoT was found in 4 isolates, while genotype exoU/exoT was not found. Prevalence of exoS was generally higher in the susceptible isolates than in the resistant isolates. A significant association was found between the formation of strong biofilm and resistance to antibiotics (p < 0.05). Prevalence of exoY and exoU was higher in the non-strong biofilm producers compared to the strong biofilm producers. Conclusion. Our study revealed formation of strong biofilm along with antibiotic resistance and the presence of exo genes in P. aeruginosa isolates. Knowledge of virulence gene profiles and biofilm formation may be useful in deciding appropriate treatment.

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Genomic analysis reveals high virulence and antibiotic resistance amongst phage susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73123-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Udomluk Leungtongkam ◽

Rapee Thummeepak ◽

Thawatchai Kitti ◽

Kannipa Tasanapak ◽

Jintana Wongwigkarn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Copper Tolerance ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

High Virulence

Abstract In this study, we examined the association between antimicrobial resistance, CRISPR/Cas systems and virulence with phage susceptibility in Acinetobacter baumannii and investigated draft genomes of phage susceptible multidrug resistant A. baumannii strains from Thailand. We investigated 230 A. baumannii strains using 17 lytic A. baumannii phages and the phage susceptibility was 46.5% (107/230). Phage susceptibility was also associated with resistance to numerous antibiotics (p-value < 0.05). We also found association between biofilm formation and the presence of ompA gene among phage susceptible A. baumannii strains (p-value < 0.05). A. baumannii isolates carrying cas5 or combinations of two or three other cas genes, showed a significant increase in phage resistance. Whole-genome sequences of seven phage susceptible A. baumannii isolates revealed that six groups of antibiotic resistance genes were carried by all seven phage susceptible A. baumannii. All strains carried biofilm associated genes and two strains harbored complete prophages, acquired copper tolerance genes, and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes. In conclusion, our data exhibits an association between virulence determinants and biofilm formation among phage susceptible A. baumannii strains. These data help to understand the bacterial co-evolution with phages.

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Decreased expression of femXAB genes and fnbp mediated biofilm pathways in OS-MRSA clinical isolates

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52557-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Umarani Brahma ◽

Paresh Sharma ◽

Shweta Murthy ◽

Savitri Sharma ◽

Shalini Chakraborty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Fibronectin Binding ◽

Sequence Types

Abstract Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant threat to human health. Additionally, biofilm forming bacteria becomes more tolerant to antibiotics and act as bacterial reservoir leading to chronic infection. In this study, we characterised the antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm production and sequence types (ST) of 74 randomly selected clinical isolates of S. aureus causing ocular infections. Antibiotic susceptibility revealed 74% of the isolates as resistant against one or two antibiotics, followed by 16% multidrug-resistant isolates (MDR), and 10% sensitive. The isolates were characterized as MRSA (n = 15), Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA, n = 48) and oxacillin susceptible mecA positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA, n = 11) based on oxacillin susceptibility, mecA gene PCR and PBP2a agglutination test. All OS-MRSA would have been misclassified as MSSA on the basis of susceptibility test. Therefore, both phenotypic and genotypic tests should be included to prevent strain misrepresentation. In addition, in-depth studies for understanding the emerging OS-MRSA phenotype is required. The role of fem XAB gene family has been earlier reported in OS-MRSA phenotype. Sequence analysis of the fem XAB genes revealed mutations in fem × (K3R, H11N, N18H and I51V) and fem B (L410F) genes. The fem XAB genes were also found down-regulated in OS-MRSA isolates in comparison to MRSA. In OS-MRSA isolates, biofilm formation is regulated by fibronectin binding proteins A & B. Molecular typing of the isolates revealed genetic diversity. All the isolates produced biofilm, however, MRSA isolates with strong biofilm phenotype represent a worrisome situation and may even result in treatment failure.

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Surveillance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs in Spain

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1502 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1502-1506 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

RAFAEL JESÚS ASTORGA MÁRQUEZ ◽

AURORA ECHEITA SALABERRIA ◽

ALFONSO MALDONADO GARCÍA ◽

SILVIA VALDEZATE JIMENEZ ◽

ALFONSO CARBONERO MARTINEZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Phage Type ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Gold Coast ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Salmonella Serotypes ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

The prevalence of and the antibiotic resistance shown by Salmonella isolated from pigs in Andalusia (southern Spain) is reported. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 40 (33%) of 121 sampled herds, and a total of 65 isolates were serotyped. The most common Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Rissen (30.7% each); others included Derby (9.2%), Brandenburg (9.2%), Newport (7.7%), Bredeney (4.6%), Anatum (3.0%), Hadar (1.5%), and Goldcoast (1.5%). One strain (1.5%) belonging to the monophasic variant of the Typhimurium serotype (Salmonella 4,5,12:i:−) was also detected. Definitive phage type (DT) 104b was the most common Typhimurium phage type isolated. These Salmonella strains were resistant to various antimicrobial agents, including tetracycline (84.6%), streptomycin (69.2%), neomycin (63.0%), sulfonamides (61.5%), ampicillin (53.8%), and amoxicillin (53.8%). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and colistin. Thirty-nine strains (64%) resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents were defined as multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistance profiles were observed in Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium, Rissen, Brandenburg, Bredeney, a monophasic variant, Gold-coast, Hadar, and Anatum, with serotypes Typhimurium and Brandenburg showing the most complicated resistance patterns (resistant to ≥11 drugs).

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Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Two Multidrug-Resistant IncR Plasmids from Klebsiella pneumoniae

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02773-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 4207-4210 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Fabrice Compain ◽

Lionel Frangeul ◽

Laurence Drieux ◽

Charlotte Verdet ◽

Sylvain Brisse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Gene Carriers

ABSTRACTWe report here the complete nucleotide sequence of two IncR replicons encoding multidrug resistance determinants, including β-lactam (blaDHA-1,blaSHV-12), aminoglycoside (aphA1,strA,strB), and fluoroquinolone (qnrB4,aac6′-1b-cr) resistance genes. The plasmids have backbones that are similar to each other, including the replication and stability systems, and contain a wide variety of transposable elements carrying known antibiotic resistance genes. This study confirms the increasing clinical importance of IncR replicons as resistance gene carriers.

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Multidrug Resistant Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in a Psychiatric Hospital in Ghana: Implications for Control of Nosocomial Infections

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/9509087 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kwabena O. Duedu ◽

George Offei ◽

Francis S. Codjoe ◽

Eric S. Donkor

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Psychiatric Hospital ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Microbiological Methods

Enteric bacteria are commonly implicated in hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections. In Ghana, these infections constitute an important public health problem but little is known about their contribution to antibiotic resistance. The aim of the study was to determine the extent and pattern of antibiotic resistance of enteric bacteria isolated from patients and environmental sources at the Accra Psychiatric Hospital. A total of 265 samples were collected from the study site including 142 stool and 82 urine samples from patients, 7 swab samples of door handle, and 3 samples of drinking water. Enteric bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiograms of the isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Overall, 232 enteric bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was the most common (38.3%), followed by Proteus (19.8%), Klebsiella (17.7%), Citrobacter (14.7%), Morganella (8.2%), and Pseudomonas (1.3%). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to cefotaxime. The resistance ranged from 15.5% to 84.5%. Multidrug resistance was most prevalent (100%) among isolates of Proteus and Morganella and least prevalent among isolates of Pseudomonas (33.3%). Multidrug resistance among enteric bacteria at the study hospital is high and hence there is a need for screening before therapy to ensure prudent use of antibiotics.

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Functional and genetic characterization of an incF-type multidrug resistance plasmid isolated from fresh spinach

10.1101/358887 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Adeyinka O. Ajayi ◽

Benjamin J. Perry ◽

Christopher K. Yost

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Food Safety ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Plasmid Dna ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Leafy Greens

AbstractThe presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and clinically-relevant antibiotic resistance genes within raw foods is an on-going food safety concern. It is particularly important to be aware of the microbial quality of fresh produce because foods such as leafy greens including lettuce and spinach are minimally processed and often consumed raw therefore they often lack a microbial inactivation step. This study characterizes the genetic and functional aspects of a mobile, multidrug resistance plasmid, pLGP4, isolated from fresh spinach bought from a farmers’ market. pLGP4 was isolated using a bacterial conjugation approach. The functional characteristics of the plasmid were determined using multidrug resistance profiling and plasmid stability assays. pLGP4 was resistant to six of the eight antibiotics tested and included ciprofloxacin and meropenem. The plasmid was stably maintained within host strains in the absence of an antibiotic selection. The plasmid DNA was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing approach and assembled into contigs using SPAdes. PCR mapping and Sanger DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons was used to complete the plasmid DNA sequence. Comparative sequence analysis determined that the plasmid was similar to plasmids that have been frequently associated with multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. DNA sequence analysis showed pLGP4 harboured qnrB1 and several other antibiotic resistance genes including three β-lactamases: blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1. The detection of a multidrug-resistant, clinically-relevant plasmid on fresh spinach emphasizes the importance for vegetable producers to implement evidence-based food safety approaches into their production practises to ensure the food safety of leafy greens.

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Molecular detection of bovine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Mexico

Revista del Centro de Investigación de la Universidad la Salle ◽

10.26457/recein.v13i52.2183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (52) ◽

pp. 67-82

Author(s):

Rosa Estela Quiroz Castañeda ◽

Kytzya Mejía Aragón ◽

Hugo Aguilar Diaz ◽

Jesús Francisco Preciado de la Torre

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Detection Method ◽

Animal Health ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Health Condition ◽

Duplex Pcr ◽

Blood Samples ◽

End Point ◽

Mycoplasma Wenyonii ◽

First Time

The presence of hemoplasmas Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and Mycoplasma wenyonii that infect bovine cattle has been reported during the last years. Hemoplasmas may affect animal health either alone or in coinfections with other microorganisms, resulting in anemia and other clinical signs. In Mexico, only Ca. M. haemobos has been detected in cattle; in this work, we report for the first time in our country the presence of M. wenyonii in animals from different geographical sources amd we detected both hemoplasmas by duplex PCR. Also, by single end-point PCR, we found Ca. M. haemobos and M. wenyonii in 96% and 96.29% of the blood samples, respectively. Both hemoplasmas were detected in 50% of the samples analyzed, which suggest that the duplex PCR developed in this work might improve if some modifications are performed. This molecular detection method will provide valuable information to know the health condition of national cattle to prevent pathogen dispersion.

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Clonal Structure, Virulence Factor-encoding Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli, Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Other Extraintestinal Infections in Humans in Spain and France during 2016

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9040161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 161 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon ◽

Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine ◽

Vanesa García ◽

Marion Duprilot ◽

Noémie Mayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clonal Structure ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Encoding Genes ◽

Sequence Types

Escherichia coli is the main pathogen responsible for extraintestinal infections. A total of 196 clinical E. coli consecutively isolated during 2016 in Spain (100 from Lucus Augusti hospital in Lugo) and France (96 from Beaujon hospital in Clichy) were characterized. Phylogroups, clonotypes, sequence types (STs), O:H serotypes, virulence factor (VF)-encoding genes and antibiotic resistance were determined. Approximately 10% of the infections were caused by ST131 isolates in both hospitals and approximately 60% of these infections were caused by isolates belonging to only 10 STs (ST10, ST12, ST58, ST69, ST73, ST88, ST95, ST127, ST131, ST141). ST88 isolates were frequent, especially in Spain, while ST141 isolates significantly predominated in France. The 23 ST131 isolates displayed four clonotypes: CH40-30, CH40-41, CH40-22 and CH40-298. Only 13 (6.6%) isolates were carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. However, 37.2% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Approximately 40% of the MDR isolates belonged to only four of the dominant clones (B2-CH40-30-ST131, B2-CH40-41-ST131, C-CH4-39-ST88 and D-CH35-27-ST69). Among the remaining MDR isolates, two isolates belonged to B2-CH14-64-ST1193, i.e., the new global emergent MDR clone. Moreover, a hybrid extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli (ExPEC)/enteroaggregative isolate belonging to the A-CH11-54-ST10 clone was identified.

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