scholarly journals The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a healing ability for periapical periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruna Naruse ◽  
Shousaku Itoh ◽  
Yuki Itoh ◽  
Takumi Kagioka ◽  
Makoto Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Disease Related Genes ◽  
Periapical Periodontitis

AbstractVarious disease-related genes have recently been identified using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study identified disease-related genes by analyzing SNP using genomic DNA isolated from Japanese patients with periapical periodontitis. Results showed that the SNP in LRP5 demonstrated a significant genotypic association with periapical lesions (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05). We constructed an in vivo murine periapical periodontitis model to confirm the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway’s role in developing and healing periapical periodontitis. We observed that administration of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor enlarged the periapical lesion. Moreover, applying lithium chloride (LiCl) to root canals accelerated periapical periodontitis healing. Histological analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of Col1a1 and Runx2 increased in the LiCl application group compared to that in the control group. Furthermore, many CD45R-positive cells appeared in the periapical lesions in the LiCl application group. These results indicated that LiCl promoted the healing of periapical periodontitis by inducing bone formation and immune responses. Our findings suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates the development of periapical periodontitis. We propose a bioactive next-generation root canal treatment agent for this dental lesion.

scholarly journals In vivo microbiological evaluation of the effect of biomechanical preparation of root canals using different irrigating solutions

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Tanomaru Filho ◽  
José Carlos Yamashita ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of biomechanical preparation using different irrigating solutions. Seventy-eight root canals from premolars of four dogs were used. After experimental induction of periapical lesions, the root canals were prepared using the following solutions for irrigation: Group 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3) saline solution and Group 4) control group with no biomechanical preparation. The microbiological evaluation of the root canals was performed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) using different culture mediums. Two absorbent paper cones were used in each root canal in order to collect the microbiological samples before, and thirty days after the biomechanical preparation. The culture plates were incubated in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic environment. Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance, Tukey and Student tests. The results demonstrated that there was reduction in the number of microorganisms in the NaOCl and CHX groups (p<0.05). There was greater effectiveness in the chlorhexidine group. The group that used saline solution and the control group presented an increased number of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the use of antimicrobial irrigating solutions during biomechanical preparation promotes the reduction of endodontic microbiota. However, a considerable number of microorganisms were still observed.

Success Rate of Obturation of Root Canals by Different Techniques in Primary Molars: A Comparative Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Satyawan G. Damle ◽  
Ritika Bansal ◽  
Dhanashree D. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study

Objective: To compare the success rate of different obturation procedures in primary mandibular second molars clinically and also by digital radiovisiography. Methods: A total of 40 children aged between 4-8 years with deeply carious mandibular second primary molars indicated for single session pulpectomy were selected. Canals were obturated with Metapex. The 3 study groups (Endodontic plugger, Handheld lentulospiral, Navi Tip syringe) were compared with the control group (reamer) both clinically and radiovisiographically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The use of Navi tip syringe led to the least number of voids followed by Endodontic plugger and Reamer and the highest number of voids was reported with Lentulospiral. Navitip presented maximum number of optimally filled cases followed by Endodontic plugger and Lentulospiral and least number of optimally filled cases with reamer. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the groups with clinical (pain and tenderness to percussion) and radiographic parameters (presence or absence of voids and length of obturation). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, though the clinical outcome was statistically insignificant, Navitip syringe exhibited encouraging results and is a promising option for obturation in primary teeth.

The Implications of CaMK2A And MeCP2 Signalings In The Cognitive Ability of Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ching Lee ◽  
Ming-Tsan Su ◽  
Hsing-Ying Huang ◽  
Ying-Chun Cho ◽  
Ting-Kuang Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
School Students ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Glutamatergic Signaling

Abstract The glutamatergic signaling pathway is involved in molecular learning and human cognitive ability. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders by altering glutamate transmission. But how these polymorphisms associated with cognition and brain psychological activities were rarely been explored in healthy adolescents. In this study, we screened SNPs of the glutamatergic signaling pathway to identify genetic variants associated with cognitive ability. We found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors, including GRIA1, GRINN1, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, GRIN3A, GRIN3B, and Calcium/ Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMK2A) associated with the cognitive function of students. Importantly, the plasma CaMK2A levels correlated positively with the cognitive ability of senior high school students in Taiwan. We demonstrated that the elevated CaMK2A increased its autophosphorylation at T286 and increased the expression of its downstream targets, including GRIA1 and phosphor GRIA1 in vivo. Additionally, the Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a downstream target of CaMK2A, can activate the expression of CaMK2A, suggesting that MeCP2 and CaMK2A could form a positive feedback loop. In summary, we concluded that members of the glutamatergic signaling, CaMK2A, and MeCP2 were implicated in the cognitive ability of adolescents, and alternating in the CaMK2A expressing may have collective effects on the cognitive ability of youths.

scholarly journals Mechanism of KLF4 Protection against Acute Liver Injury via Inhibition of Apelin Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weitao Ji ◽  
Hongyun Shi ◽  
Hailin Shen ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
Jiayi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Klf4 Expression ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a key transcription factor that regulates genes involved in the proliferation or differentiation in different tissues. Apelin plays roles in cardiovascular functions, metabolic disease, and homeostatic disorder. However, the biological function of apelin in liver disease is still ongoing. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of KLF4-mediated protection against acute liver injury via the inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0.2 mL dissolved in 100 mL olive oil, 10 mL/kg) to establish an acute liver injury model. A KLF4 expression plasmid was injected through the tail vein 48 h before CCl4 treatment. In cultured LX-2 cells, pAd-KLF4 or siRNA KLF4 was overexpressed or knockdown, and the mRNA and protein levels of apelin were determined. The results showed that the apelin serum level in the CCl4-injected group was higher than that of control group, and the expression of apelin in the liver tissues was elevated while KLF4 expression was decreased in the CCl4-injected group compared to the KLF4-plasmid-injected group. HE staining revealed serious hepatocellular steatosis in the CCl4-injected mice, and KLF4 alleviated this steatosis in the mice injected with KLF4 plasmid. In vitro experiments showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) could downregulate the transcription and translation levels of apelin in LX-2 cells and also upregulate KLF4 mRNA and protein expression. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the overexpression of KLF4 markedly decreased basal apelin expression, but knockdown of KLF4 restored apelin expression in TNF-α-treated LX-2 cells. These in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that KLF4 plays a key role in inhibiting hepatocellular steatosis in acute liver injury, and that its mechanism might be the inhibition of the apelin signaling pathway.

71 EFFECT OF CELL QUANTITY IN MICE CHIMERA PRODUCTION BY DEMI-BLASTOCYST AGGREGATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
C. Pontes Godoi ◽  
P. D. Moço ◽  
B. Cazari ◽  
P. T. Mihara ◽  
P. V. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Aggregation Technique

Eight-cell-stage to pre-compaction morula are the most used embryonic stages to aggregation, because the embryos, in these early stages, synthesise cell adhesion molecules that increase the aggregation chances among them (Vestweber et al. 1987 Develop. Biol. 124, 451–456). Although post-compaction embryos produce reduced aggregation rates, they are not refractory to this process (Nogueira et al. 2010 Transgenic Res. 19, 344–345). Based on the evidence of less permissive aggregation in post-compaction-stage embryos and the need to expose the inner surface of those embryos to improve aggregation rate, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in mice, the influence of cell quantity (i.e. the quantity of half-embryos put together to aggregate themselves) in the chimerism rate of split blastocysts. Embryos, with preferentially different phenotypes, were obtained from C57BL/6/EGFP and Swiss Webster strains. Females ranging from 21 to 45 days old were superstimulated and mated according to Mancini et al. (2008 Transgenic Res. 17, 1015). Eight-cell-stage embryos (8C) and pre-compaction morula (PCM) were recovered (2 to 2.5 days post coitum) and had their zona pellucida removed using pronase treatment (2 mg mL–1 for 15 min), whereas blastocysts (recovered 3.5 dpc) were split with a microblade controlled by micromanipulator in an inverted microscope (NK2; Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany and Eclipse Ti; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan, respectively). The aggregation groups were a control (C) with 2 pre-compaction whole embryos (8C or PCM, or both) and 2 experimental with post-compaction embryos [i.e. 2 (2DB) or 4 (4DB) demi-blastocysts]. The structures (2 or 4) of the groups were stuck to each other with the use of phytohemagglutinin (1 mg mL–1) and cultured in vitro by 24 h (37°C, 5% CO2 and saturated humidity). After culture, the presence of chimeric embryos was verified by detection of a single, cohesive cell mass or a structure in an 8 shape with more than one-half of its total diameter aggregated. For the 4DB group, a successful aggregation was considered when, at least 2 of 4 DB had aggregated. The results were analysed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis (to compare among groups, between groups and among medians of group replicates, respectively) and significance was considered when P < 0.05. The aggregation rates for the groups C, 2DB and 4DB were, respectively, 77.3a; 8.3b and 36.4%c (P < 0.001). The increasing of the aggregation technique efficacy, in post-compaction stages, would be particularly interesting in farm animals (e.g. bovine species), where it is not feasible to obtain, in vivo, pre-compaction stages embryos (as 8 cells) and when only trophectoderm aggregation is wanted. It was concluded that cell increasing (from 2 to 4 DB) improved the chimerism rate, but not enough to be similar to the control group. Supported by FAPESP of Brazil.

scholarly journals In vivo analysis of post space sealing with different adhesive materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier ◽  
José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo ◽  
Álvaro Della Bona ◽  
Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper ◽  
José Roberto Vanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Group A ◽  
Provisional Restoration ◽  
Post Space

This in vivo study analyzed the sealing ability of two adhesives in post spaces, cyanoacrylate (Super Bonder® - Henkel Loctite Adesivos Ltda., Itapevi, SP, Brazil) and ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), testing the hypothesis that their use would result in a decreased leakage through the remaining filling material. Forty extracted premolars (80 root canals) of dogs were used. The root canals were cleaned, shaped and filled by the lateral condensation technique using Sealer 26TM. The post space was created removing two thirds of the filling material within the root canal. The canals were randomly divided in three groups, which were treated as follows: Group A received the ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose adhesive system; for Group B the cyanoacrylate adhesive, Super BonderTM, was employed; and no adhesive was applied into the post space for Group C (control group). A glass ionomer provisional restoration was placed allowing the sealer to set for 72 hours. Then the restoration was removed and the root canal was exposed to the oral environment for 45 days. The dogs were then killed and their jaws were removed. The post spaces were filled with India ink and the teeth were restored for 96 hours. Afterwards, the teeth were extracted and the roots were sectioned at the furcation for allocation to their specific groups. The teeth were turned transparent and the quantitative analysis of leakage was performed using light microscopy. The results showed no significant differences between groups, rejecting the initial hypothesis. Leakage occurred in a great extent in all specimens. Therefore, sealing post spaces with the adhesives used in this study was not an effective method to prevent microleakage.

scholarly journals The Combination of Diode Laser and Ozonated Water in the Treatment of Complicated Pulp Gangrene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Cristian Levente Giuroiu ◽  
Sorin Andrian ◽  
Simona Stoleriu ◽  
Mihaela Scurtu ◽  
Oana Țănculescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Laser Technique ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Periapical Periodontitis ◽  
Ozonated Water

The study aimed to investigate the effects of endodontic space decontamination using a laser combined with ozonated water in the therapy of complicated pulp gangrene. The subject of this in vivo study was a 12-year-old patient diagnosed with extensive periapical periodontitis on the mandibular right first molar. Biological samples were initially collected to identify the active pathogen—Enterococcus faecalis, then the nonsurgical endodontic treatment was performed in a single visit, according to the active disinfection guidelines of the identified pathogen. Two-month postoperative, clinical and radiological examination revealed a complete healing of the periapical lesion. The correct diagnosis of this endodontic–periodontal pathology, and the unconventional treatment of the complex system of infected root canals, allowed a favorable treatment result without any surgical intervention. This unconventional approach, which combines a laser technique with ozonated water, allows for predictable results in periapical lesion treatment.

Scutellarin Attenuates Human-Neutrophil-Elastase-Induced Mucus Production by Inhibiting the PKC-ERK Signaling Pathway in Vitro and in Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 1193-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Peng Jiang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Juliy M. Perelman ◽  
Victor P. Kolosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Human Neutrophil ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mucus Production

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of scutellarin on mucus production induced by human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and the possible in vitro and in vivo mechanisms. To this purpose, cells were incubated with saline, scutellarin or gefitinib for 60 min and exposed to 0.1 μM HNE for 24 h. After being pretreated respectively with saline, scutellarin or gefitinib, rats were challenged intratracheally with HNE by means of nebulization for 30 days. The expression of mucin (MUC) 5AC, protein kinase C (PKC), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was assessed by ELISA, RT-PCR or Western blotting. The results showed that scutellarin inhibited MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions induced by HNE in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. In the in vivo model, scutellarin significantly attenuated MUC5AC mRNA expression and goblet cell hyperplasia in rats treated with HNE for 30 days, as well as decreased the phosporylation of PKC and ERK1/2 compared to the HNE control group. Therefore, our study showed that scutellarin could prevent mucus hypersecretion by inhibiting the PKC-ERK signaling pathway. Inhalation scutellarin may be valuable in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung disease.

scholarly journals Histopathological evaluation of different methods of experimental induction of periapical periodontitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Léa Assed Bezerra Silva ◽  
Ângelo Poliseli-Neto ◽  
Mário Tanomaru-Filho
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Periapical Periodontitis

This study evaluated histopathologically different methods of experimental induction of periapical periodontitis. The radiographic and microbiological evaluations have been performed in a previous investigation. Fifty-seven root canals from dogs' teeth were assigned to 4 groups. In GI (n=14) and GII (n=14), the root canals were exposed to oral environment for 180 days; in GIII (n=14) and GIV (n=15) the root canals were exposed for 7 days and then the access cavities were restored and remained sealed for 53 days. The root apices of GI and GIII were perforated, whilst those of GII and GIV remained intact. After induction of periapical periodontitis, the dogs were euthanized. Serial sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Data of the histopathological evaluation were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5% significance level. The inflammatory periapical reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues were less intense in GII than in the other groups (p<0.05). There was no histopathological difference among the experimentally induced periapical lesions in the teeth with coronal sealing. On the other hand, when coronal sealing was not performed, greater intensity of induced periapical periodontitis was observed in the teeth with apical perforation.

The effect of manganese exposure on GnRH secretion via Nrf2/mGluR5/COX-2/PGE2/signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Qi ◽  
Chao Mi ◽  
Fengdi Wu ◽  
Xinxin Yang ◽  
Yanqi Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Gnrh Secretion ◽  
Cox 2

There are limited studies focused on the precise mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion dysfunction after overexposure to manganese (Mn). The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanism of Mn disruption of GnRH synthesis via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Primary astrocytes were cultured and treated with different doses of Mn, tert-butylhydroquinonet (tBHQ; Nrf2 agonists), 3-[(2-methyl-4-thaizolyl) ethynyl] pyridine (MTEP; mGluR5 inhibitor), and celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) to measure the levels of COX-2, mGluR5, Nrf2, and Nrf2 target genes. Mice were randomly divided into 11 groups, of which included the control group, 12.5-, 25-, and 50-mg/kg MnCl2 group, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, tBHQ control group, tBHQ pretreatment group, MTEP control group, MTEP pretreatment group, celecoxib control group, and celecoxib pretreatment group. The injection was administered every day for 2 weeks. Then, levels of GnRH, PGE2, COX-2, mGluR5, Nrf2, Nrf2 target genes, and morphological changes in the hypothalamus of mice were measured. Mn reduced protein levels of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of Nrf2 target genes and increased mGluR5, COX-2, PGE2, and GnRH levels. Meanwhile, injury-related histomorphology changes in the hypothalamus of mice were significantly present. In conclusion, excessive exposure to Mn disrupts GnRH secretion through Nrf2/mGluR5/COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway.

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