scholarly journals Electrochemical design of a new nanosensor based on cobalt nanoparticles, chitosan and MWCNT for the determination of daclatasvir: a hepatitis C antiviral drug

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1118-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen M. Azab ◽  
Amany M. Fekry
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Health System ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Cobalt Nanoparticles ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
The World

Daclatasvir (DAC) is listed on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines needed in a basic health system, therefore, electrochemical and impedance spectroscopic methods are necessary.

scholarly journals HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Warkad ◽  
Satish Nimse ◽  
Keum-Soo Song ◽  
Taisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

Rational and Irrational Drug Use: Factors, Impacts and Strategies to Combat Irrational Drug Use: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Zahra Hassan AL Qamariat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Health System ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Rational Drug Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Misuse of drugs is a serious health problem all around the world. Rational drug use can be characterized as follows: patients receive drugs that meet their clinical needs, at doses that meet their requirements, promptly and at the lowest cost to themselves and their region. Drug abuse, polypharmacy, and misuse are the most prominent drug use problems today. Misuse of drugs can occur for a variety of reasons at different levels, including recommended mistakes and over-the- counter medications. Inappropriate use of income can lead to real negative benefits and financial results. There are many irrational drug mixtures available. Appropriate rational use of medicines will increase personal satisfaction and lead to better local health services. A list of essential medicines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) can assist the countries around the globe in rationalizing the distribution and purchasing of medicines, thus decreasing the costs to healthcare systems. Irrational drug use has been a subject of concern for years as it affects the health system and patients badly. Irrational use of drugs can result from several factors such as patient, prescriber, dispenser, health system, supply system, or regulations. Thus, diverse strategies have been used to promote rational drug use and also to tackle irrational use. Thereby the concept of rational and irrational drug use and factors that lead to either result should be identified and monitored.

scholarly journals Essential medicines for children

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S38-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Hoppu ◽  
Shalini Sri Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Supply System ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Essential Medicines ◽  
Medicines For Children

Millions of children die every year before they reach the age of 5 years, of conditions largely treatable with existing medicines. The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines was launched in 1977 to make the most necessary drugs available to populations whose basic health needs could not be met by the existing supply system. During the first 30 years of the Model List of Essential Medicines, children's needs were not systematically considered. After adoption of the ‘Better medicines for children’ resolution by the World Health Assembly, things changed. The first WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children was drawn up by a Paediatric Expert Subcommittee and adopted in October 2007. The most recent, 4th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children was adopted in 2013. Data from country surveys show that access to essential medicines for children is still generally poor; much more work is needed.

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its manifestation

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the infection is intense worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed total deaths had noted 4.20% globally (March 21, 2020). Between the intervals of four months (July 21, 2020), confirmed total deaths had recorded 4.17%, globally. In India, 909 confirmed cases and 19 deaths were reported by Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, March 28, 2020. Between the intervals of 123 days In India, 1638870 confirmed cases and 35684 deaths. COVID-19 can potentially spread from person to person through direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. A pregnant mother with COVID-19 has fewer chances to transfer this infection of her newborn babies. Children have less affected than an adult. A specific antiviral drug or vaccine has not been developed to cure the disease. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir have effective drugs to treat COVID-19. Many vaccine candidates are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, sign-symptoms, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, and effects of a pregnant mother with newborns, children, prevention, and drugs affective to COVID-19.

scholarly journals ‘Choking the national demos’: research partnerships and the material constitution of global health

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
John Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Health Law ◽  
The World

By foregrounding a widened view of the rule of law in transnational legal processes, the works under discussion in this symposium can support innovative critical perspectives on global health law –a field that has gained wide attention due to the spread of COVID-19 around the world (Lander, 2020; Bhatt, 2020). Legal and socio-legal scholars in the decade and a half before the pandemic worked on locating global health law and articulating its underlying principles. Lawrence Gostin's 2014 monograph offers a synoptic view centred on international institutions (e.g. the World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, UN Human Rights Council) and problems (e.g. infectious-disease response, tobacco control), along with an elaboration of its normative basis in universal moral principle and international human rights law (Gostin, 2014). Struggles over access to essential medicines and intellectual property in the early 2000s are, for example, represented in terms of the right to health constraining international trade law. Andreas Fischer-Lescano and Guenther Teubner's 2004 reading is oriented more by social theory than by doctrinal or ethical frames (Fischer-Lescano and Teubner, 2004, pp. 1006, 1008). A functional health regime has ‘differentiated out’, they observe, and operates as a discrete communication system across borders, albeit one that is threatened by the preponderant economic system. On this model, the battle for access to medicines amounts to ensuring, via human rights guarantees, that the rationality of the health system is not replaced by that of its economic rival in legal and policy communications (Fischer-Lescano and Teubner, 2004, pp. 1030, 1046).

scholarly journals A critical comparison between the World Health Organization list of essential medicines for children and the Brazilian list of essential medicines (Rename)

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Helena Lutéscia L. Coelho ◽  
Luís Carlos Rey ◽  
Marina S.G. de Medeiros ◽  
Ronaldo A. Barbosa ◽  
Said G. da Cruz Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medicines For Children

Agile stockpiles an insurance for drug supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Eddy Gilissen ◽  
◽  
Chris Mulligan ◽  
Simon Tottman ◽  
Per Troein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
The World ◽  
Additional Burden

Healthcare systems across the world are looking at ways of maintaining the continuity of supply of medicines to patients in times of crisis.Whilst this is not a new phenomenon, the additional burden placed on the supply chain during COVID-19 has meant it has come more into the spotlight. The need to use a stockpile can be caused by an interruption to supply, a rapid and unexpected peak in demand, or when both an interruption to supply and a peak in demand occur simultaneously. The objectives of a stockpile will guide the portfolio breadth and depth to be held. Stockpile objectives are broadly driven either by government requirements to protect public health or by organisations seeking toachieve commercial gain. These drivers are not mutually exclusive as in the case of holding safety stock and Public Service Obligation stock. An Emergency Stockpile is Public Health driven and held in order to supply essential medicines during a signifcant or catastrophic event. Emergency stockpiles can be split into three categories — preparation for imminent event, disease specifc response and general contingency stockpiles. Governments and authorities determine which products and volumes should be held in an emergency stockpile which may be guided by the World Health Organizations (WHO) l ist of essential medicines.

Persisting pain in childhood medical illness

2013 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Martha Mherekumombe ◽  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medicines For Children

Persisting pain in the context of medical illness has been recognized recently as a global problem by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2012). Whilst the epidemiology of medical illness varies throughout the world, the general principles of pain management are applicable to most medical illnesses in children and are effective. Successful pain management for most children is contingent on the availability of the WHO model list of essential medicines for children (WHO, 2011), although regrettably not all medicines are available in every country in the world.

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