Simultaneous determination of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in fixed-dose combination antituberculosis pharmaceutical formulations: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. L. Oliveira ◽  
P. R. Chellini ◽  
T. L. Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization, rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride are the first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis – an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

scholarly journals KADAR SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETAT TRANSAMINASE DAN SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU SELAMA DUA BULAN BERJALANNYA PEMBERIAN OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS KOMBINASI DOSIS TETAP

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu R. Pribadini Nelwan ◽  
Stella Palar ◽  
Julia C. M. Lombo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a health problem around the world. According to statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that Indonesia’s ranking were down from third to fifth in the world. However there are also challenges in the treatment of tuberculosis worldwide and in Indonesia, like treatment failure, dropping out of treatment, and inappropriate treatment. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of SGOT (AST) and SGPT (ALT) in patients with pulmonary TB during two months administration of OAT KDT. This study was a cross sectional analytic study using secondary data and blood sample from patients with pulmonary TB. The samples in this study was patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis first category, pulmonary tuberculosis BTA smear (+), pulmonary tuberculosis with controlled hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis suspected MDR, pulmonary tuberculosis with secondary infections, pulmonary tuberculosis on treatment, and pulmonary tuberculosis which dropping put of treatment. The analysis of data changes on SGOT levels before and after administration of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) shows that the value of zcount: 2,223 >ztable: 1,645 with a significance value of p= 0,026 < 0,05. This indicates that there is an effect of the Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) fixed-dose combination toward SGOT levels. The analysis of data changes on SGPT levels before and after administration of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) shows that the value of zcount: 2,045 >ztable: 1,645 with a significance value of p= 0,041 < 0,05. This indicates that there is an effect of the Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) fixed-dose combination toward SGPT levels. There are a significant correlation between serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetat transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during two months administration of anti-tuberculosis medication with a fixed-dose combination and an increasing levels of SGOT and SGPT in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.     Abstrak: Penyakit Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia. Menurut data statistik World Health Organization (WHO) menunjukkan Indonesia turun dari peringkat tiga menjadi peringkat kelima dunia. Namun masih terdapat pula tantangan dalam pengobatan TB di dunia dan Indonesia, antara lain kegagalan pengobatan, putus pengobatan, dan pengobatan yang tidak tepat. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar serum SGOT dan SGPT pada pasien TB Paru selama dua bulan pemberian OAT KDT. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan pengambilan sampel darah pada pasien TB Paru. Pada penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan adalah penderita TB Paru, TB Paru kategori 1, TB paru BTA (+), TB Paru dengan Hipertensi terkontrol, TB paru suspek MDR, TB Paru dengan infeksi sekunder, TB paru on treatment, dan TB paru putus obat. Hasil analisis data perubahan kadar SGOT sebelum dan setelah diberikan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis menunjukkan bahwa nilai zhitung: 2,223 >ztabel : 1,645 dengan nilai signifikansi p= 0,026 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) kombinasi dosis tetap terhadap kadar SGOT. Hasil analisis data perubahan kadar SGPT sebelum dan setelah diberikan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis menunjukkan bahwa nilai zhitung: 2,045 >ztabel : 1,645 dengan nilai signifikansi p= 0,041 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) kombinasi dosis tetap terhadap kadar SGPT. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase dan serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase pada pasien tuberkulosis paru selama dua bulan berjalannya pemberian obat anti tuberkulosis kombinasi dosis tetap dan terdapat peningkatan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada pasien tuberkulosis paru.

scholarly journals PREDIKSI PENYAKIT TUBERCULOSIS (TBC) MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deny Febriyanto ◽  
Yogiek Indra Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
World Health ◽  
Early Age ◽  
The World ◽  
C4.5 Algorithm ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Organization

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB disease remains one of the threats, especially in a country with low and middle economic levels. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) TB disease became one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Indonesia ranks second with the largest number of TB cases in the world. In addition, there are some symptoms and factors that can cause a person affected by TB disease. For the treatment of TB disease can be done intensively, but it takes a long time. Research in the diagnosis of disease with classification techniques using C4.5 algorithm has been done by several previous researchers and get good results. Therefore, in this research will be predicted TB disease using C4.5 algorithm. The C4.5 algorithm is chosen because it is very easy to interpret, fast, and has high precision accuracy. The results of this study is an application that can help people to make the diagnosis of TB disease from an early age.

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula R Chellini ◽  
Eduardo B Lages ◽  
Pedro H C Franco ◽  
Fernando H A Nogueira ◽  
Isabela C César ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Dose Combination

Abstract Tuberculosis treatment consists of a fixed dose combination of rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PYZ), and ethambutol hydrochloride (EMB). The combined treatment using various drugs is necessary for patient curing, without recrudescence, and for prevention of drug-resistant mutants, which may occur during treatment. An HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of RIF, INH, PYZ, and EMB in fixed dose combination tablets was developed and validated. Chromatographic experiments were performed on an Agilent 1200 HPLC system, and the separation was carried out on a Purospher STAR RP18e (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm, Merck) analytical column. Gradient elution was carried out with a mobile phase of 20 mM monobasic sodium phosphate buffer with 0.2% triethylamine (pH 7.0) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The total run time was 12 min, and the re-equilibration time was 5 min. EMB detection was performed at 210 nm, and RIF, INH, and PYZ were detected at 238 nm, using a DAD. The method proved to be specific, linear (r2 &gt; 0.99), precise (RSD &lt;2%), accurate, and robust and may be applied to the QC analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.

Pharmacogenetics of Metformin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Alrahman Joneri
Keyword(s):  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Line ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition in which an increase in glucose levels in the blood exceeds normal limits. Hyperglycemia is one of the typical signs of diabetes mellitus (DM). The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts an increase in the number of people with DM which is a global health threat. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, and the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, in adults. Metformin, which is a biguanide group, is recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes as the first-line oral therapy for DM and is the most widely used oral medication worldwide. Metformin can also increase peripheral glucose utilization and ultimately decrease the production of fatty acids and triglycerides. Some of the individual differences that underlie the variation in response to metformin.

scholarly journals HCV Detection, Discrimination, and Genotyping Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Warkad ◽  
Satish Nimse ◽  
Keum-Soo Song ◽  
Taisun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 71 million people were living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide in 2015. Each year, about 399,000 HCV-infected people succumb to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Therefore, screening of HCV infection with simple, rapid, but highly sensitive and specific methods can help to curb the global burden on HCV healthcare. Apart from the determination of viral load/viral clearance, the identification of specific HCV genotype is also critical for successful treatment of hepatitis C. This critical review focuses on the technologies used for the detection, discrimination, and genotyping of HCV in clinical samples. This article also focuses on advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods used for HCV detection, quantification, and genotyping.

scholarly journals An evaluation of emergency guidelines issued by the World Health Organization in response to four infectious disease outbreaks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0198125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Norris ◽  
Veronica Ivey Sawin ◽  
Mauricio Ferri ◽  
Laura Raques Sastre ◽  
Teegwendé V. Porgo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals SARS: Political Pathology of the First Post-Westphalian Pathogen

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2003, the world discovered, again, that I humanity's battle with infectious diseases continues. The twenty-first century began with infectious diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, being discussed as threats to human rights, economic development, and national security. Bioterrorism in the United States in October 2001 increased concerns about pathogenic microbes. The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the spring of 2003 kept the global infectious disease challenge at the forefront of world news for weeks. At its May 2003 annual meeting, the World Health organization (WHO) asserted that SARS is “the first severe infectious disease to emerge in the twenty-first century” and “poses a serious threat to global health security, the livelihood of populations, the functioning of health systems, and the stability and growth of economies.”

scholarly journals GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for Rapid Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Directly from Sputum Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourjahan Laskar ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Mominur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of molecular methods for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistant TB as a rapid method. In Bangladesh, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been implemented into reference laboratories for diagnosis of TB and also MDR TB.Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in our country. The present study focused on the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as drug resistance.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 107 cases, assumed as multi-drug resistance tuberculosis, were studied through GeneXpert assay.Results: Out of 107 cases, 91 (85.05%) were detected having M. tuberculosis ? 64 (59.81%) were rifampicin sensitive and 27 (25.23%) were rifampicin resistant. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert are 87.64% and 75% respectively.Conclusion: GeneXpert assay can be considered for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(2): 86-89

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