Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide improves intestinal functions in weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2701-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yin ◽  
Fengna Li ◽  
Xiangfeng Kong ◽  
Chaoyue Wen ◽  
Qiuping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Intestinal Functions

This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) on intestinal functions (i.e., intestinal morphology, tight junctions, gut microbiota and metabolism) and growth performance in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals D-Galactose Induces Chronic Oxidative Stress and Alters Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Han ◽  
Zemin Liu ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Liuqin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Chronic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Levels

Oxidative stress commonly occurs in pig production, which can severely damage the intestinal function of weaned piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of D-galactose with different levels used to induce chronic oxidative stress on growth performance, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. The results showed that addition of 10 and 20 g/kg BW D-galactose reduced average daily gain and average daily feed intake from the first to the third week. 10 g/kg BW D-galactose increased the concentration of serum MDA at the second and third week. 10 g/kg BW D-galactose significantly influenced the jejunal and ileal expressions of GPx1, CAT1, and MnSOD. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that compared with the control, 10 and 20 g/kg BW D-galactose significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tenericutes, Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales, and Erysipelotrichaceae, while increased the relative abundance of Negativicutes, Selenomonnadales, and Veillonellaceae. The results indicated that treatment with 10 g/kg BW/day D-galactose for 3 weeks could induce chronic oxidative stress, reduce the growth performance and alter gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Yining Xie ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control diet (CON), 3 diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (XOS100, XOS500, and XOS1000). There were 4 replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From d 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOS showed a quadratic effect on BW on d 28, ADG and G:F d 1-28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From d 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (d 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on d 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on d 14 and 28 (P <0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 group. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of Occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in the ileum compared to the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 group were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than CON group. In conclusion, xylo-oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.

Effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid supplementation on the intestinal functions in weaning piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
Yaoyao Xia ◽  
Simeng Liao ◽  
Meiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Intestinal Functions ◽  
Weaning Piglets

This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal immunity, intestinal GABAergic system, amino acid profiles and gut microflora of the weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Dietary chitosan-Cu chelate affects growth performance and small intestinal morphology and apoptosis in weaned piglets.

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
X. Yue ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
M. Lv ◽  
X. Han
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effects of dietary chitosan-copper chelate (CS-Cu) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology and epithelial cell apoptosis in weaned piglets was investigated. One hundred and sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weanling barrows with an average body weight of 7.75 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub>, (3) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub> mixed with chitosan (CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS), (4) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CS-Cu. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the pigs receiving a diet containing CS-Cu had higher average daily gain and lower diarrhea incidence than the pigs receiving dietary CuSO<sub>4</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. Villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were higher and crypt depth was lower in CS-Cu treated pigs than in pigs fed dietary CuSO<sub>4 </sub>or CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. An apparent decrease of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis in pigs fed CS-Cu diet was found. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in pigs fed dietary CS-Cu than in those fed other diets. The results indicated that dietary CS-Cu showed better biological and physiological function in improving small intestinal morphology and reducing diarrhea incidence.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin B6 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gene expression in weaned piglets that are fed a low-protein diet1

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanmei Yin ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Huiru Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Yi ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Vitamin B6 (VB6), which is an essential functional substance for biosome, plays an irreplaceable role in animal health. However, there are few studies that focus on the correlation between VB6 and intestinal health in weaned piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of VB6 on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and inflammatory cytokines and amino acid (AA) transporters mRNA expression in weaned piglets that are fed a low crude-protein (CP, 18%) diet. Eighteen crossbred piglets with initial body weights of 7.03 ± 0.17 kg (means ± SEM), weaned at 21-d age, were randomly assigned three diets with 0, 4, and 7 mg/kg VB6 supplementation, respectively. The experimental period lasted 14 days. Our results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance, diarrhea rate, and biochemical parameters among the three treatments. In the jejunum, dietary VB6 supplementation did not affect the morphology and positive Ki67 counts. Dietary supplementation with 4 mg/kg VB6 decreased the mRNA expression of COX-2, IL-10, and TGF-β (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 7 mg/kg VB6 increased the mRNA expression of SLC7A1, SLC7A6, SLC16A14, and SLC38A5 (P &lt; 0.05) and 4 or 7 mg/kg VB6 decreased SLC36A1 mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.05). In the ileum, VB6 supplementation did not affect positive Ki67 counts but significantly decreased villus area (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to decrease villus height (P = 0.093). Dietary supplementation with 4 mg/kg VB6 had significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-10, and TGF-β (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 4 or 7 mg/kg VB6 had significantly decreased SLC6A20, SLC7A1, SLC7A6, SLC16A14, and SLC38A5 mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of VB6 mainly down-regulated inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated AA transporters mRNA expression in jejunum, while up-regulated (4 mg/kg) inflammatory cytokines and down-regulated AA transporters mRNA expression in ileum, which may provide a reference for the intestinal development of weaned piglets that are fed a low-CP diet.

Effect of pharmacological intakes of zinc and copper on growth performance, circulating cytokines and gut microbiota of newly weaned piglets challenged with coliform lipopolysaccharides

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Namkung ◽  
J. Gong ◽  
H. Yu ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

The effect of feeding pharmacological levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to newly weaned piglets on growth performance, circulating cytokines levels and gut microbiota was investigated. One hundred eighty piglets [5.90 ± 0.18 kg body weight (BW); six pigs per pen] weaned at 16 to 19 d of age were fed diets containing 3000 ppm additional Zn, 250 ppm additional Cu or a control diet (150 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Cu) for 14 d post-weaning (weeks 1 and 2). Pigs were fed a control diet for an additional 2 wk. Pigs were injected intramuscularly on days 13 and 19 with either 75 μg kg-1 BW of coliform lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an equivalent amount of saline. Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to measure plasma levels of cytokines and cortisol. Digesta of ileum and colon were collected from non-challenged pigs on days 14 and 28 to evaluate microbiota using conventional culturing methods and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCRDGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. There were no interactive effects of diet and LPS challenge on growth performance (P > 0.10). Compared with the control, high dietary Zn and Cu increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 1 (0.125, 0.091 vs. 0.074 kg; P < 0.05) and 2 (0.240, 0.270 vs. 0.155 kg; P < 0.01) only. LPS injection reduced ADG during weeks 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment did not affect feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Challenging pigs with LPS reduced (P < 0.01) feed efficiency during week 2, but increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency during week 3. There were no interactive effects between diet and LPS on plasma cytokines levels, except for cortisol (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α) and cortisol increased (P < 0.01) in pigs challenged with LPS. The high levels of dietary Zn and Cu reduced (P < 0.05) the increases in plasma cortisol level in LPS-challenged pigs at days 9 and 19. There were no differences among the dietary treatments in counts of coliforms and lactobacillus in the digesta from ileum and colon (P > 0.10). PCR-DGGE analysis showed that high levels of dietary Zn and particularly Cu significantly reduced the diversity of ileal microbiota. The effect on microbiota diversity was reversible when dietary Zn and Cu were removed. Enhanced growth performance of the newly weaned piglets fed high dietary Zn and Cu appears mediated via changes in gut microbiota as well as a reduced cortisol response following an immune challenge. Key words: Piglets, zinc, copper, lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota, cytokines

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