A strictly monofunctional bacterial hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate kinase precludes damaging errors in thiamin biosynthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (16) ◽  
pp. 2887-2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje M. Thamm ◽  
Gengnan Li ◽  
Marlene Taja-Moreno ◽  
Svetlana Y. Gerdes ◽  
Valérie de Crécy-Lagard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Thiamin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
The Cost

The canonical kinase (ThiD) that converts the thiamin biosynthesis intermediate hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) monophosphate into the diphosphate can also very efficiently convert free HMP into the monophosphate in prokaryotes, plants, and fungi. This HMP kinase activity enables salvage of HMP, but it is not substrate-specific and so allows toxic HMP analogs and damage products to infiltrate the thiamin biosynthesis pathway. Comparative analysis of bacterial genomes uncovered a gene, thiD2, that is often fused to the thiamin synthesis gene thiE and could potentially encode a replacement for ThiD. Standalone ThiD2 proteins and ThiD2 fusion domains are small (∼130 residues) and do not belong to any previously known protein family. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that representative standalone and fused ThiD2 proteins catalyze phosphorylation of HMP monophosphate, but not of HMP or its toxic analogs and damage products such as bacimethrin and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ol. As strictly monofunctional HMP monophosphate kinases, ThiD2 proteins eliminate a potentially fatal vulnerability of canonical ThiD, at the cost of the ability to reclaim HMP formed by thiamin turnover.

scholarly journals The Thiamin-Requiring 3 Mutation of Arabidopsis 5-Deoxyxylulose-Phosphate Synthase 1 Highlights How the Thiamin Economy Impacts the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Joshi ◽  
Manaki Mimura ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Shan Wu ◽  
Jesse F. Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Biochemical Genetics ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Thiamin Diphosphate ◽  
Thiamin Biosynthesis ◽  
Stress Response Genes ◽  
Subunit Interface ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

The thiamin-requiring mutants of Arabidopsis have a storied history as a foundational model for biochemical genetics in plants and have illuminated the central role of thiamin in metabolism. Recent integrative genetic and biochemical analyses of thiamin biosynthesis and utilization imply that leaf metabolism normally operates close to thiamin-limiting conditions. Thus, the mechanisms that allocate thiamin-diphosphate (ThDP) cofactor among the diverse thiamin-dependent enzymes localized in plastids, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cytosol comprise an intricate thiamin economy. Here, we show that the classical thiamin-requiring 3 (th3) mutant is a point mutation in plastid localized 5-deoxyxylulose synthase 1 (DXS1), a key regulated enzyme in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) isoprene biosynthesis pathway. Substitution of a lysine for a highly conserved glutamate residue (E323) located at the subunit interface of the homodimeric enzyme conditions a hypomorphic phenotype that can be rescued by supplying low concentrations of thiamin in the medium. Analysis of leaf thiamin vitamers showed that supplementing the medium with thiamin increased total ThDP content in both wild type and th3 mutant plants, supporting a hypothesis that the mutant DXS1 enzyme has a reduced affinity for the ThDP cofactor. An unexpected upregulation of a suite of biotic-stress-response genes associated with accumulation of downstream MEP intermediate MEcPP suggests that th3 causes mis-regulation of DXS1 activity in thiamin-supplemented plants. Overall, these results highlight that the central role of ThDP availability in regulation of DXS1 activity and flux through the MEP pathway.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPACT METHODS REPRESENTATIONS OF GRAPHIC INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
O. Gertsiy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Jpeg 2000 ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

The main characteristics of graphic information compression methods with losses and without losses (RLE, LZW, Huffman's method, DEFLATE, JBIG, JPEG, JPEG 2000, Lossless JPEG, fractal and Wawelet) are analyzed in the article. Effective transmission and storage of images in railway communication systems is an important task now. Because large images require large storage resources. This task has become very important in recent years, as the problems of information transmission by telecommunication channels of the transport infrastructure have become urgent. There is also a great need for video conferencing, where the task is to effectively compress video data - because the greater the amount of data, the greater the cost of transmitting information, respectively. Therefore, the use of image compression methods that reduce the file size is the solution to this task. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of compression methods. The comparative analysis the basic possibilities of compression methods of graphic information is carried out. The relevance lies in the efficient transfer and storage of graphical information, as big data requires large resources for storage. The practical significance lies in solving the problem of effectively reducing the data size by applying known compression methods.

scholarly journals Protein polyglutamylation catalyzed by the bacterial calmodulin-dependent pseudokinase SidJ

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Sulpizio ◽  
Marena E Minelli ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Paul D Burrowes ◽  
Xiaochun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Human And Mouse

Pseudokinases are considered to be the inactive counterparts of conventional protein kinases and comprise approximately 10% of the human and mouse kinomes. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Legionella pneumophila effector protein, SidJ, in complex with the eukaryotic Ca2+-binding regulator, calmodulin (CaM). The structure reveals that SidJ contains a protein kinase-like fold domain, which retains a majority of the characteristic kinase catalytic motifs. However, SidJ fails to demonstrate kinase activity. Instead, mass spectrometry and in vitro biochemical analyses demonstrate that SidJ modifies another Legionella effector SdeA, an unconventional phosphoribosyl ubiquitin ligase, by adding glutamate molecules to a specific residue of SdeA in a CaM-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that SidJ-mediated polyglutamylation suppresses the ADP-ribosylation activity. Our work further implies that some pseudokinases may possess ATP-dependent activities other than conventional phosphorylation.

Public-private partnerships: A profitability analysis of the partnerships in the energy sector in Albania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostandin Nasto ◽  
Junada Sulillari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this study is to realize an analysis of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Albania. Our focus will mainly be the PPPs in the energy sector. Public-private partnerships contracts have experienced a significant increase in the last decades in Albania. They have had a great impact on public finances of the country, this is why they have often been “attacked” for the negative impact that they might have on the actual and especially the future of the country. We will work to make a comparative analysis of the cost and benefits that Albania has had from signing these contracts. We will also work to analyze the management of these public-private partnerships during the pandemics, which will be helpful to reveal the possible difficulties that the government might have in managing them. Something that has inspired us to make a deeper analysis of them is related to the energy crises that the country has experienced in the last years. We want to “dig” deeper in order to see if these PPPs are really worth it or not. Is it worth or it brings a burden for the actual and future generations of Albania?

Система дистанційного моніторингу та керування кліматичними параметрами приміщень в процесі промислового виробництва

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Ігор Бережний ◽  
◽  
Адріан Наконечний ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Remote Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Communication Lines

Based on the research and comparative analysis of existing systems, an algorithm for remote monitoring and control of the technological process using IoT technologies is proposed and developed. We consider a system with flexible algorithms, which combines different data protocols using Wi-Fi technology, which allows you to use this type of system in any industry safely with high speed, energy efficiency and without the cost of communication lines.

scholarly journals An Uncharacterized Member of the Ribokinase Family in Thermococcus kodakarensis Exhibits myo-Inositol Kinase Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 (29) ◽  
pp. 20856-20867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Sato ◽  
Masahiro Fujihashi ◽  
Yukika Miyamoto ◽  
Keiko Kuwata ◽  
Eriko Kusaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adenosine Kinase ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Thermococcus Kodakarensis ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Physiological Substrates

Here we performed structural and biochemical analyses on the TK2285 gene product, an uncharacterized protein annotated as a member of the ribokinase family, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. The three-dimensional structure of the TK2285 protein resembled those of previously characterized members of the ribokinase family including ribokinase, adenosine kinase, and phosphofructokinase. Conserved residues characteristic of this protein family were located in a cleft of the TK2285 protein as in other members whose structures have been determined. We thus examined the kinase activity of the TK2285 protein toward various sugars recognized by well characterized ribokinase family members. Although activity with sugar phosphates and nucleosides was not detected, kinase activity was observed toward d-allose, d-lyxose, d-tagatose, d-talose, d-xylose, and d-xylulose. Kinetic analyses with the six sugar substrates revealed high Km values, suggesting that they were not the true physiological substrates. By examining activity toward amino sugars, sugar alcohols, and disaccharides, we found that the TK2285 protein exhibited prominent kinase activity toward myo-inositol. Kinetic analyses with myo-inositol revealed a greater kcat and much lower Km value than those obtained with the monosaccharides, resulting in over a 2,000-fold increase in kcat/Km values. TK2285 homologs are distributed among members of Thermococcales, and in most species, the gene is positioned close to a myo-inositol monophosphate synthase gene. Our results suggest the presence of a novel subfamily of the ribokinase family whose members are present in Archaea and recognize myo-inositol as a substrate.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Rock Fragmentation using Blast Prediction Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
G. Agyei ◽  
M. Owusu-Tweneboah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Hole Charge ◽  
Powder Factor ◽  
Blast Parameters ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Economic Indices ◽  
Drill And Blast ◽  
The Cost

This work presents prediction and optimisation of controllable parameters of drilling and blasting currently used at the Fobinso Pit of Perseus Mining Ghana Limited (PMGL). The mine faces challenges with blast particle sizes produced after primary blasting. The presence of boulders requires secondary fragmentation to further reduce the broken materials to the acceptable sizes, thereby increasing the cost of production. The mechanical properties of the rocks were determined using Protodyakonov Rock Strength Index. The drill and blast parameters were estimated using the Konya and Walter (1990), Principle of Proportionality, and Instituto Geologo Minero de España (IGME) model developed in 1987. The Modified Kuz-Ram model was used to predict and analyse the results of blasting based on the parameters such as spacing, burden, drillhole diameter, charge density, charge per hole, charge length, and powder factor. A comparative analysis of the predicted size distributions of the various models using diameters of 65 mm and 110 mm revealed no significant differences between the size fractions. The Principle of Proportionality produced the best technical and economic indices for blasting. Keywords: Fragmentation, Drilling Parameters, Primary Blasting, Models, Secondary Blasting

Pipeline Integrity: Establishing Data Management Value

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Dupuis ◽  
Jason Humber
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Value Propositions ◽  
Investment Justification ◽  
The Cost

For the majority of pipeline operators struggling to establish the business case for data management, records management, or geographic information systems, a step past the traditional information technology approach of return on investment (ROI) must be made. Traditional information technology value propositions are founded on information efficiencies that, for the most part, are extremely difficult to quantify since the processes are either not presently performed or the effort associated with the existing process has not been measured. Without a baseline of the existing process, a comparative analysis using improved efficiencies cannot be quantified to substantiate a return on investment. Justification of a data management system and its associated benefits in terms of its cost relative to the cost of the data it manages (e.g. ILI, excavation, CIS etc.) is compelling since it is only on the order of 2–10%, but typically even this metric is too general an argument for most pipeline integrity managers to feel comfortable defending. This paper will explore the process required to unearth the value of data management to support pipeline integrity. Many examples and cases will be discussed to back-up the approach to establishing value of data management for pipeline integrity.

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