Solution structure of the Taf14 YEATS domain and its roles in cell growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 436 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Jiahai Zhang ◽  
Xuecheng Zhang ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Xiaoming Tu
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Negative Role

Chromatin modifications play important roles in cellular biological process. A novel conserved domain family, YEATS, has been discovered in a variety of eukaryotic species ranging from yeasts to humans. Taf14, which is involved in a few protein complexes of chromatin remodelling and gene transcription, and is essential for keeping chromosome stability, regular cell growth and transcriptional regulation, contains a YEATS domain at its N-terminus. In the present study, we determined the solution structure of the Taf14 YEATS domain using NMR spectroscopy. The Taf14 YEATS domain adopts a global fold of an elongated β-sandwich, similar to the Yaf9 YEATS domain. However, the Taf14 YEATS domain differs significantly from the Yaf9 YEATS domain in some aspects, which might indicate different structural classes of the YEATS domain family. Functional studies indicate that the YEATS domain is critical for the function of Taf14 in inhibiting cell growth under stress conditions. In addition, our results show that the C-terminus of Taf14 is responsible for its interaction with Sth1, which is an essential component of the RSC complex. Taken together, this implies that Taf14 is involved in transcriptional activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the YEATS domain of Taf14 might play a negative role in cell growth.

scholarly journals Cks1 Activates Transcription by Binding to the Ubiquitylated Proteasome

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 3894-3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Holic ◽  
Alexander Kukalev ◽  
Sophie Lane ◽  
Edward J. Andress ◽  
Ivy Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Ubiquitin Binding ◽  
Ubiquitin Binding Domain ◽  
Proteasome Subunits

ABSTRACT Cyclin-dependent kinase-associated protein 1 (Cks1) is involved in the control of the transcription of a subset of genes in addition to its role in controlling the cell cycle in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By directly ligating Cks1 onto a GAL1 promoter-driven reporter, we demonstrated that Cks1 acts as a transcription activator. Using this method, we dissected the downstream events from Cks1 recruitment at the promoter. We showed that subsequent to promoter binding, Cdc28 binding is required to modulate the level of gene expression. The ubiquitin-binding domain of Cks1 is essential for implementing downstream transcription events, which appears to recruit the proteasome via ubiquitylated proteasome subunits. We propose that the selective ability of Cks1 to bind ubiquitin allows this small molecule the flexibility to bind large protein complexes with specificity and that this may represent a novel mechanism of regulating transcriptional activation.

scholarly journals Regulation of Thermotolerance by Stress-Induced Transcription Factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritaka Yamamoto ◽  
Yuka Maeda ◽  
Aya Ikeda ◽  
Hiroshi Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 and the general stress transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4 (Msn2/4) are major regulators of the heat shock response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we show that transcriptional activation of their target genes, including HSP104, an antistress chaperone gene, is obligatory for thermotolerance. Although Hsf1 activity might be necessary before the exposure of cells to high temperature, severe heat shock induced the binding of hyperphosphorylated Hsf1 to its target promoters. However, promoter-bound, phosphorylated Hsf1 was inactive for transcription because RNA polymerase II was inactive at high temperatures. Rather, our results suggest that Hsf1 activates the transcription of most of its target genes during the recovery period following severe heat shock. This delayed upregulation by Hsf1, which would be induced by misfolded proteins that accumulate in severely heat-shocked cells, is required for the resumption of normal cell growth. In contrast, the factors Msn2/4 were not involved in the delayed upregulation of genes and were dispensable for cell growth during the recovery period, suggesting that they play a role before the exposure to high temperature. These results show that Hsf1 and Msn2/4 act differentially before and after exposure to extreme temperatures to ensure cell survival and growth.

scholarly journals Two Regulators of Ste12p Inhibit Pheromone-Responsive Transcription by Separate Mechanisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 4199-4209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Amy Olson ◽  
Chris Nelson ◽  
Georgia Tai ◽  
Wesley Hung ◽  
Carl Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Vp16 Fusion

ABSTRACT The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Ste12p is responsible for activating genes in response to MAP kinase cascades controlling mating and filamentous growth. Ste12p is negatively regulated by two inhibitor proteins, Dig1p (also called Rst1p) and Dig2p (also called Rst2p). The expression of a C-terminal Ste12p fragment (residues 216 to 688) [Ste12p(216–688)] from aGAL promoter causes FUS1 induction in a strain expressing wild-type STE12, suggesting that this region can cause the activation of endogenous Ste12p. Residues 262 to 594 are sufficient to cause STE12-dependent FUS1induction when overexpressed, and this region of Ste12p was found to bind Dig1p but not Dig2p in yeast extracts. In contrast, recombinant glutathione S-transferase–Dig2p binds to the Ste12p DNA-binding domain (DBD). Expression of DIG2, but notDIG1, from a GAL promoter inhibits transcriptional activation by an Ste12p DBD-VP16 fusion. Furthermore, disruption of dig1, but not dig2, causes elevated transcriptional activation by a LexA–Ste12p(216–688) fusion. Ste12p has multiple regions within the C terminus (flanking residue 474) that can promote multimerization in vitro, and we demonstrate that these interactions can contribute to the activation of endogenous Ste12p by overproduced C-terminal fragments. These results demonstrate that Dig1p and Dig2p do not function by redundant mechanisms but rather inhibit pheromone-responsive transcription through interactions with separate regions of Ste12p.

YEATS domain proteins: a diverse family with many links to chromatin modification and transcriptionThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB’s 51st Annual Meeting – Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Schulze ◽  
Alice Y. Wang ◽  
Michael S. Kobor
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Selection Of

Chromatin modifications play crucial roles in various biological processes. An increasing number of conserved protein domains, often found in multisubunit protein complexes, are involved in establishing and recognizing different chromatin modifications. The YEATS domain is one of these domains, and its role in chromatin modifications and transcription is just beginning to be appreciated. The YEATS domain family of proteins, conserved from yeast to human, contains over 100 members in more than 70 eukaryotic species. Yaf9, Taf14, and Sas5 are the only YEATS domain proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Human YEATS domain family members, such as GAS41, ENL, and AF9, have a strong link to cancer. GAS41 is amplified in glioblastomas and astrocytomas; ENL and AF9 are among the most frequent translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene. This review will focus on the best characterized YEATS proteins, discuss their diverse roles, and reflect potential functions of the YEATS domain.

scholarly journals Structure of the Brd4 ET domain bound to a C-terminal motif from γ-retroviral integrases reveals a conserved mechanism of interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 2086-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Crowe ◽  
Ross C. Larue ◽  
Chunhua Yuan ◽  
Sonja Hess ◽  
Mamuka Kvaratskhelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Retroviral Integrase

The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family are promising therapeutic targets for a range of diseases linked to transcriptional activation, cancer, viral latency, and viral integration. Tandem bromodomains selectively tether BET proteins to chromatin by engaging cognate acetylated histone marks, and the extraterminal (ET) domain is the focal point for recruiting a range of cellular and viral proteins. BET proteins guide γ-retroviral integration to transcription start sites and enhancers through bimodal interaction with chromatin and the γ-retroviral integrase (IN). We report the NMR-derived solution structure of the Brd4 ET domain bound to a conserved peptide sequence from the C terminus of murine leukemia virus (MLV) IN. The complex reveals a protein–protein interaction governed by the binding-coupled folding of disordered regions in both interacting partners to form a well-structured intermolecular three-stranded β sheet. In addition, we show that a peptide comprising the ET binding motif (EBM) of MLV IN can disrupt the cognate interaction of Brd4 with NSD3, and that substitutions of Brd4 ET residues essential for binding MLV IN also impair interaction of Brd4 with a number of cellular partners involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. This suggests that γ-retroviruses have evolved the EBM to mimic a cognate interaction motif to achieve effective integration in host chromatin. Collectively, our findings identify key structural features of the ET domain of Brd4 that allow for interactions with both cellular and viral proteins.

E3 ubiquitin ligases

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen C. Ardley ◽  
Philip A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The selectivity of the ubiquitin–26 S proteasome system (UPS) for a particular substrate protein relies on the interaction between a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2, of which a cell contains relatively few) and a ubiquitin–protein ligase (E3, of which there are possibly hundreds). Post-translational modifications of the protein substrate, such as phosphorylation or hydroxylation, are often required prior to its selection. In this way, the precise spatio-temporal targeting and degradation of a given substrate can be achieved. The E3s are a large, diverse group of proteins, characterized by one of several defining motifs. These include a HECT (homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus), RING (really interesting new gene) or U-box (a modified RING motif without the full complement of Zn2+-binding ligands) domain. Whereas HECT E3s have a direct role in catalysis during ubiquitination, RING and U-box E3s facilitate protein ubiquitination. These latter two E3 types act as adaptor-like molecules. They bring an E2 and a substrate into sufficiently close proximity to promote the substrate's ubiquitination. Although many RING-type E3s, such as MDM2 (murine double minute clone 2 oncoprotein) and c-Cbl, can apparently act alone, others are found as components of much larger multi-protein complexes, such as the anaphase-promoting complex. Taken together, these multifaceted properties and interactions enable E3s to provide a powerful, and specific, mechanism for protein clearance within all cells of eukaryotic organisms. The importance of E3s is highlighted by the number of normal cellular processes they regulate, and the number of diseases associated with their loss of function or inappropriate targeting.

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