scholarly journals Determining the Relationship Between Hyoid Bone Kinematics and Airway Protection in Swallowing

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sana Smaoui ◽  
Melanie Peladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Catriona M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Peak Position ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Prolonged Time ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Laryngeal Vestibule ◽  
Thin Liquids ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Research remains equivocal regarding the links between hyoid movement and penetration–aspiration. The aims of this study were (a) to explore associations between hyoid parameters, laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) parameters, and penetration–aspiration on thin liquids; and (b) to determine which of these parameters are the strongest predictors of penetration–aspiration. Method: This study involved retrospective analysis of an existing videofluoroscopy data set, collected in 305 participants (152 males) with noncongenital/nonsurgical/non-oncological risk for dysphagia. We extracted data for six thin liquid swallows per participant, and obtained measures of hyoid movement (peak position, speed) and LVC (complete/incomplete, timing, duration). Resulting values were coded as typical/atypical relative to healthy reference data. Relationships were explored using chi-square tests and odds ratios (a) for the entire data set and (b) for the subset of data with complete LVC. Hierarchical logistic regression models determined the strongest predictors of penetration–aspiration. Results: Significant associations were found between penetration–aspiration and incomplete LVC, prolonged time-to-most-complete-LVC, short LVC duration, reduced anterior hyoid peak position, and reduced hyoid speed. Hyoid measures were also significantly associated with LVC parameters. In the first regression model, incomplete LVC and prolonged time-to-most-complete-LVC were the only significant predictors of penetration–aspiration. For cases with complete LVC, the only significant predictor was prolonged time-to-most-complete-LVC. Conclusions: Although reduced anterior hyoid peak position and speed are associated with penetration–aspiration on thin liquids, these measures do not independently account for penetration–aspiration when considered in conjunction with measures of LVC. When identifying mechanisms explaining penetration–aspiration, clinicians should focus on LVC (complete/incomplete) and timeliness of LVC.

Regression Analysis of Pedestrian Fatality Risk and Impact Speed

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1300-1303
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Gui Fan Zhao ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Xiao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Fatality Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Long Head ◽  
The Relationship

In order to study the relationship between pedestrian fatality risk and impact speed in domestic pedestrian traffic accidents. According to the frontal shapes of domestic vehicles, this paper divided the vehicle types into long head car, short head car and flat car. Used in-depth accident study method to collect a large number of actual traffic accidents cases. The logistic regression models of pedestrian fatality risk and impact speed of long head car, short head car and flat car were established. The Wald Chi-Square test was used to validate the accuracy of the model. The results shows: The long head car corresponds to the lowest pedestrian fatality risk, the flat car corresponds to the highest values. Compared with developed countries, the developed emergency and medical care play an important role in reducing the pedestrian fatality risk.

scholarly journals Variations in Hyoid Kinematics Across Liquid Consistencies in Healthy Swallowing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sana Smaoui ◽  
Melanie Peladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Catriona M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Peak Speed ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
And Task

Purpose Judgments regarding hyoid movement are frequently included in evaluations of swallowing. However, the literature lacks reference values for measures of hyoid kinematics in healthy swallowing. This study explores hyoid movement across the continuum from thin to extremely thick liquids. Method Participants were 39 healthy adults under the age of 60 years (19 men) who underwent videofluoroscopy involving three sips each of 20% w/v thin barium and six sips each of slightly, mildly, moderately, and extremely thick barium. Half of the thickened stimuli were prepared using xanthan gum; and half, with a starch-based thickener. Sip volume was derived from pre- and post-sip cup weights. Hyoid position was tracked frame-by-frame relative to the anterior–inferior corner of C4. Measures of peak hyoid position (along the XY axis) were normalized to a C2–C4 scalar, and measures of time-to-peak position, speed, and time-to-peak speed were derived. As a first step, Spearman's correlations confirmed the influence of sip volume on these hyoid measures. Linear mixed-effects models then explored the effects of stimulus, sip volume, and task repetition on the dependent variables. Results The data set comprised 975 swallows with available hyoid tracking data. Sip volume was correlated with peak hyoid XY position ( r s = .15, p < .01), time-to-peak position ( r s = −.15, p < .05), and speed ( r s = .13, p < .01). No significant differences in hyoid kinematics were found across stimuli. Conclusion Measures of hyoid movement in healthy swallowing remain stable across the range from thin to extremely thick liquids with no systematic alterations in hyoid position or kinematics.

scholarly journals Measuring Hyoid Excursion Across the Life Span: Anatomical Scaling to Control for Variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Brates ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Sonja M. Molfenter
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Bolus Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Peak Displacement ◽  
Hyoid Movement

Purpose A method for controlling for sex-based differences in measures of hyoid movement using an internal anatomical scalar has been validated in young healthy individuals. Known anatomical changes with aging necessitate validation of this methodology in a mixed-age sample. The primary aim of this study was to validate a method for controlling for sex-based differences in measures of hyoid movement across the life span. Measurement error as a potential source of variability was addressed to inform best practice recommendations. Method Two distinct data sets previously collected using identical protocols were combined for this study to achieve a data set of young (< 40 years) and older (> 65 years) healthy adults. Data included videofluoroscopic swallow studies with three swallow trials each of 5 and 20 ml thin liquid barium. Previously reported methodology was replicated to validate the use of an anatomical scalar for measuring hyoid excursion in this sample. Hyoid movement was measured using 2 methods (rest-to-peak displacement and peak only) in 3 planes of movement (anterior, superior, and hypotenuse), was expressed in millimeters and individually scaled units relative to C4, and normalized using the C2–C4 vertebral distance. Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses of variance were run with each of the 6 hyoid measures as the dependent variable (in both millimeters and C2–C4 units), within-subject factors of sex and bolus volume, and a between-subjects factor of age group. We predicted that the C2–C4 scalar would adequately control for sex-based differences across age groups. Results Significant differences in absolute hyoid movements (millimeters) were observed by sex, bolus volume, and age group. When measured in %C2–C4 units, all differences between males and females were neutralized. Significant differences between 5- and 20-ml boluses were found for all peak position measures. Significant differences between young and older individuals were found for all peak position measures. Conclusion Expressing hyoid excursion as a percentage of the C2–C4 distance appears valid for use across the life span. Peak position is preferable over displacement measures for quantifying hyoid excursion for research and clinical purposes.

Implications of Prenatal Exposure to the Spring 2011 Alabama and Missouri Tornadoes on Birth Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Christopher ◽  
Panagiota Kitsantas ◽  
Kiara K. Spooner ◽  
Joseph F. Robare ◽  
Dan Hanfling
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite emerging evidence of the detrimental effects of natural disasters on maternal and child health, little is known about exposure to tornadoes during the prenatal period and its impact on birth outcomes. We examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to the spring 2011 tornado outbreak in Alabama and Joplin (Missouri) and adverse birth outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study using the 2010-2012 linked infant births and deaths data set from the National Center for Health Statistics for tornado-affected counties in Alabama (n=126,453) and Missouri (Joplin, n=6,897). Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate associations between prenatal exposure to tornadoes and birth outcomes.ResultsPrenatal exposure to the tornado incidents did not influence birth weight outcomes. Women exposed to Alabama tornadoes were less likely to have a preterm birth compared to unexposed mothers (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96). Preterm births among Joplin-tornado exposed mothers were slightly higher (13%) compared with unexposed mothers (11.2%). Exposed mothers from Joplin were also more likely to have a cesarean section compared to their counterparts (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26).ConclusionsWe found no association between tornado exposure and adverse birth weight and infant mortality rates. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure can amplify the odds for a cesarean section. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:279–286)

scholarly journals An Interaction Effect Analysis of Thermodilution-Guided Hemodynamic Optimization, Patient Condition, and Mortality after Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5223
Author(s):  
Enikő Kovács ◽  
Valéria Anna Gyarmathy ◽  
Dávid Pilecky ◽  
Alexandra Fekete-Győr ◽  
Zsófia Szakál-Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Hemodynamic Management ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Guided Therapy

Proper hemodynamic management is necessary among post-cardiac arrest patients to improve survival. We aimed to investigate the effects of PiCCO™-guided (pulse index contour cardiac output) hemodynamic management on mortality in post-resuscitation therapy. In this longitudinal analysis of 63 comatose patients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation cooled to 32–34 °C, 33 patients received PiCCO™, and 30 were not monitored with PiCCO™. Primary and secondary outcomes were 30 day and 1 year mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to assess differences in mortality among the groups. Interaction effects to disentangle the relationship between patient’s condition, PiCCO™ application, and mortality were assessed by means of Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. A 30 day mortality was significantly higher among PiCCO™ patients, while 1 year mortality was marginally higher. More severe patient condition per se was not the cause of higher mortality rate in the PiCCO™ group. Patients in better health conditions (without ST-elevation myocardial infarction, without cardiogenic shock, without intra-aortic balloon pump device, or without stroke in prior history) had worse outcomes with PiCCO™-guided therapy. Catecholamine administration worsened both 30 day and 1 year mortality among all patients. Our analysis showed that there was a complex interaction relationship between PiCCO™-guided therapy, patients’ condition, and 30 day mortality for most conditions.

scholarly journals Exploration of parent-reported food allergy symptoms via breastmilk exposures and likelihood to develop tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Lang ◽  
Shrey Patel ◽  
Karen Rychlik ◽  
Deanna Caruso ◽  
Xiaobin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

Abstract Background Knowledge is limited about the relationship between clinical reactivity to foods through breastfeeding and long-term food allergy outcomes. We explored parent-perceived symptoms of food allergy via breastfeeding and the association with future tolerance. Methods Subjects identified from the Chicago Food Allergy Study (2005–2011) were categorized by parent-reported reactions to maternally ingested foods via breastfeeding (50/898 peanut-allergic, 69/620 egg-allergic, and 153/589 milk-allergic). The primary outcome was tolerance [passed oral food challenge (OFC) or consumption of previously implicated food]. Secondary outcomes included severe reactions (anaphylaxis and/or cardiovascular/respiratory symptoms) and additional concomitant food allergies. Univariate chi-square analyses were performed to assess for association between variables, followed by logistic regression models. Results Of the 50 subjects with parent-reported peanut-associated symptoms with breastfeeding, none gained tolerance. There were no significant associations between parent-reported breastfeeding symptoms and development of tolerance for egg and milk (egg: OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–1.01, p = 0.053; milk: OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.70–1.81, p = 0.614). All egg-allergic subjects with parent-perceived symptoms while breastfeeding also reported multiple food allergies (n = 69), but milk- and peanut-allergic subjects were not more likely to have multiple allergies (milk: OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.88–4.02, p = 0.10; peanut: OR 2.36, 95% CI 0.72–7.76, p = 0.16). There were no significant associations between parent-reported breastfeeding symptoms and subsequent reaction severity. Conclusions A significant proportion of parents perceive symptoms of food allergy attributable to indirect breastfeeding exposures. Our exploratory analysis suggests that infants with parent-perceived clinical reactivity to peanut via breastmilk may be less likely to gain tolerance. Infants with parent-reported reactivity to egg via breastmilk exposure were more likely to report multiple food allergies. Further rigorous prospective studies are needed to clarify the true prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy symptoms attributable to indirect breastfeeding exposures and the association with development of tolerance.

IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Ina Edwina ◽  
Rista D Soetikno ◽  
Irma H Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

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